Abstract: Aqueous formulations of soil release polyesters are claimed, which comprise from 50 to 90% by weight of soil release polyester and from 0.1 to 40% by weight of a phosphonic acid or of a phosphonate. The addition of the phosphonic acid or of the phosphonate allows the preparation of formulations of the soil release polyesters which are stable and have a low viscosity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dry-cleaning leather, characterized by treating the leather with compound (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as in the description.

Abstract: A liquid washing and cleaning composition comprising: one or more of constituents a1) through a4) a1) alkylbenzenesulfonate, a2) olefinsulfonate, a3) alkylsulfate, a4) alkyl ether sulfate or mixtures thereof, b) secondary alkanesulfonate, c) at least one soap, d) at least one nonionic surfactant and e) at least one cationic surfactant, wherein the mixing ratio of the secondary alkanesulfonate to the component AT formed from the one or more of constituents a1, a2, a3 and a4 is 4.9 to 0.1: 5.1 to 9.9.

Abstract: The invention relates to washing and cleaning agents containing, as solvents a compound of formula (1), wherein A is (CH2)a or phenylene, R1, R2, R3, and R4 identically or independently denote C1 to C22-n- and/or iso-alkyl, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C9-alkylphenyl or phenyl, A is (CH2)a, and a is an integer from 0 to 6.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic acetal of the formula (1) wherein R1 is n-C8-C22-alkyl, iso-C9-C22-alkyl, n-C5-C18-alkylphenyl or iso-C5-C18-alkylphenyl, R2 and R4 are each independently C1-C7-alkyl or have the same meaning as R1, R3 is C1-C7-alkyl, A is a group of the formulae —C2H4— or —C3H6—, and the indices a, b, c and d are each independently from 0 to 50, where at least one of the indices a, b, c or d has to have a value other than 0. The compounds of the invention are suitable as surfactants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, humectants, foamers, or antifoaming agents.

Abstract: A method is provided for determination of an operating temperature in a thermally highly loaded device. Multiple individual passive measurement elements, having a measurable physical parameter depending on a constant temperature set during heat treatment, are provided. The parameter is set differently for each of the different measurement elements which are combined to form an array. In a first measurement, values of the physical parameter for the array are determined before the array is subjected to the operating temperature. The array is subjected to the operating temperature in the device and in a second measurement, values are determined for all the measurement elements in the array. First and second measurement values of the physical parameter for each of the measurement elements are compared and the temperature of the heat treatment of that measurement element whose value of the physical parameter has changed the least is taken as the measured temperature.

Abstract: Liquid washing and cleaning compositions are claimed, which comprise, as a surfactant, one or more of the components of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate, olefinsulfonate, alkylsulfate as well as soap and a nonionic surfactant, and, as a dye fixative, homo- and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride or the reaction products of cyanamides with aldehydes and ammonium salts or cyanamides with aldehydes and monoamines or monoamines and/or polyamines with epichlorohydrin or polyamines with cyanamides and amidosulfuric acid.

Abstract: A sniffer leak detector comprising a detector with a quartz window, the window being selectively permeable to a tracer gas. The quartz window is located in a suction chamber that is connected to a vacuum pump. To reduce the response time, a gas guidance plate is situated in the suction chamber, the guidance plate and quartz window together delimiting a narrow gas guidance chamber.

Abstract: Sensor system (70) for detecting a target substance in a reference liquid, comprising a measurement cantilever (71) being functionalized by application of a first coating to one of the measurement cantilever's surfaces, whereby this first coating is sensitive to the target substance. In addition, the system (70) comprises a reference cantilever (72) with a reference coating on one of the reference cantilever's surfaces, whereby this reference coating is less sensitive to the target substance than the first coating. Both cantilevers are arranged such that they can be exposed in a reference step to the reference liquid and in a detection step to the reference liquid with the target substance. A detector unit (73, 74, 83) is employed for determining the difference in the deflection of the measurement cantilever (71) and the reference cantilever (72) during the reference step and the detection step.

Abstract: Liquid washing and cleaning compositions are claimed, which comprise one or more anionic surfactants from the group of the alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, alkylsulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates together with sec. alkanesulfonate, and one or more components from the group of the soaps, ether carboxylates, betaines and a nonionic surfactant, and, as a dye fixative, homo- and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride or the reaction products of cyanamides with aldehydes and ammonium salts or cyanamides with aldehydes and monoamines or monoamines and/or polyamines with epichlorohydrin or polyamines with cyanamides and amidosulfuric acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid washing and cleaning agents containing a secondary alkane sulphonate, soap and a non-ionic surfactant as a surfactant and homo and/or copolymers of diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride or reaction products of cyanamides comprising aldehydes and ammonium salts or monoamines and/or polyamines with epichlorhydrine, or polyamines with cyanamides and amido sulphuric acid as color fixing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid washing agents and detergents containing, as surfactants, at least one of the constituents of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, olefin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, and ether carboxylate and/or betaine and a non-ionic surfactant, and as color fixing agents, homopolymers or copolymers of diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride or the reaction products of cyanamides with aldehydes and ammonium salts, or cyanamides with aldehydes and monoamines, or monoamines and/or polyamines with epichlorhydrine, or polyamines with cyanamides and amidosulphuric acid.

Abstract: A sampling leak detector which comprises a basic device and a sniffling probe connected thereto via a tube. A visual display is located on the sniffling probe. A tactile indicator is provided in a handle. An acoustic indicator is arranged on the basic device. The detector can be switched to a detection mode in which the color in the visual display changes and the indicator are activated when a predetermined leakage rate is exceeded. The detector can also be switched to a locating mode in which leakage rate information is displayed by means of a bar of variable length and a sound is generated which has a parameter depending on the leakage rate information.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises an evacuated reaction chamber (2, 2?, 23, 33) containing at least one reaction medium and a storage chamber (25, 35) containing an activation medium which reacts with the reaction medium in such a way as to modify the temperature. The reaction chamber and the storage chamber can be brought into a communicating relationship, whereby the reaction medium and the activation medium are contacted with each other and the temperature-modifying reaction is triggered. The reaction chamber (2, 2?, 23, 33) is defined by walls made of a vacuum-tight material (3), which walls are kept at a distance from each other, at least in sections, by supporting bodies (4, 7, 10), with the supporting bodies (4, 7, 9, 10) keeping free transport paths (5, 8) for the reaction medium (11) inside the reaction chamber. The vacuum-tight material (3) forming the walls of the reaction chamber is designed as a flexible film, preferably a composite film.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for detection of a presence of a load. A method may include, for example, applying and subsequently removing a supply voltage across the pair of nodes, comparing an electrical potential at one of the pair of nodes at a time after the supply voltage is removed with a reference value, and generating a signal having a value that depends upon an outcome of the comparison.

Abstract: Liquid washing and cleaning compositions are claimed, which comprise, as a surfactant, a secondary alkanesulfonate, ether carboxylate and/or betaine and a nonionic surfactant, and, as a dye fixative, homo- and copolymers of diallyidimethylammonium chloride or the reaction products of cyanamides with aldehydes and ammonium salts or cyanamides with aldehydes and monoamines or monoamines and/or polyamines with epichlorohydrin or polyamines with cyanamides and amidosulfuric acid.

Abstract: Anionic soil release polyesters are described which consist of terephthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid-(poly)alkylene glycol, a non-ionic end group and optionally a polyfunctional crosslinking monomer. These polyesters are suitable as soil release components in washing and cleaning compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for chemically cleaning textile material, characterized in that the textile material is treated with a compound of formula (1), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 identically or independently denote C1 to C22-n- and/or iso-alkyl, C5- or C6-cycloalkyl, phenyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C9-alkylphenyl or phenyl, A is (CH2)a, and a is an integer from 0 to 6.

Abstract: The invention relates to an amphiphile acetal of formula (1), wherein R1 represents n-C8-C22-alkyl or iso-C9-C15-alkyl, R2 and R4 represent C1 to C7-alkyl or have the same meaning as R1, and R3 represents C1-C7-alkyl. The compounds are suitable as surfactants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, wetting agents or defoaming agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning metal parts, according to which the metal parts are treated with a compound of the formula (1) wherein A represents (CH2)a or phenylene and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or independently of one another represent C1 to C6-n-alkyl and/or isoalkyl and a represents a whole number from 0 to 4.