Abstract: A dialogue system, comprising: a first input configured to obtain first input data relating to speech or text provided by a user through a first interface; a first output configured to provide first output data relating to speech or text information specified by a determined dialogue act through the first interface; one or more processors, configured to: receive second input data through a second interface; store information specifying one or more configuration settings based on the second input data; and perform a dialogue method using a dialogue platform, the dialogue method comprising: determining dialogue information from the first input data; determining a dialogue act based on the determined dialogue information using a dialogue management module, wherein determining the dialogue act comprises selecting a next state from a plurality of states stored in the dialogue management module, wherein at least some of the plurality of states comprise information specifying a dialogue act and at least some of the

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining, by way of an input, input data relating to speech provided by a user; deriving one or more hypotheses for each of a plurality of user data fields from the input data; obtaining one or more reference values for each of the plurality of user data fields for each of one or more candidate users; calculating a score for at least one candidate user of the one or more candidate users, calculating the score comprising: calculating a plurality of user data field scores comprising, for each of the plurality of user data fields, a respective user data field score using the one or more hypotheses and the one or more reference values for the candidate user for the respective user data field; performing one or more fuzzy logic operations on the plurality of user data field scores; using the score for a candidate user of the one or more candidate users to perform a verification or identification process for the user.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprising: obtaining, by way of an input, input data relating to speech provided by a user; deriving one or more hypotheses for each of a plurality of user data fields from the input data; obtaining one or more reference values for each of the plurality of user data fields for each of one or more candidate users; calculating a score for at least one candidate user of the one or more candidate users, calculating the score comprising: calculating a plurality of user data field scores comprising, for each of the plurality of user data fields, a respective user data field score using the one or more hypotheses and the one or more reference values for the candidate user for the respective user data field; performing one or more fuzzy logic operations on the plurality of user data field scores; using the score for a candidate user of the one or more candidate users to perform a verification or identification process for the user.

Abstract: A system comprising: an input configured to receive input speech data originating from a user; an output configured to output speech or text information; and a processor configured to: provide first input data to a character sequence determination module to determine a character sequence from the first input data, wherein determining a character sequence comprises: obtaining a first list of one or more candidate character sequences from the first input data; selecting a first candidate character sequence from the first list; generating a first confirm request to confirm the selected first candidate character sequence, wherein the first confirm request is outputted by way of the output; if second input data indicating that the first candidate character sequence is not confirmed is received, selecting a second candidate character sequence and generating a second confirm request to confirm the selected second candidate if the second candidate character sequence is different from the first candidate character s

Abstract: A system comprising: an input configured to receive input speech data originating from a user; an output configured to output speech or text information; and a processor configured to: provide first input data to a character sequence determination module to determine a character sequence from the first input data, wherein determining a character sequence comprises: obtaining a first list of one or more candidate character sequences from the first input data; selecting a first candidate character sequence from the first list; generating a first confirm request to confirm the selected first candidate character sequence, wherein the first confirm request is outputted by way of the output; if second input data indicating that the first candidate character sequence is not confirmed is received, selecting a second candidate character sequence and generating a second confirm request to confirm the selected second candidate if the second candidate character sequence is different from the first candidate character s

Abstract: A system comprising: an input configured to receive input speech data originating from a user; an output configured to output speech or text information; and a processor configured to: provide first input data to a character sequence determination module to determine a character sequence from the first input data, wherein determining a character sequence comprises: obtaining a first list of one or more candidate character sequences from the first input data; selecting a first candidate character sequence from the first list; generating a first confirm request to confirm the selected first candidate character sequence, wherein the first confirm request is outputted by way of the output; if second input data indicating that the first candidate character sequence is not confirmed is received, selecting a second candidate character sequence and generating a second confirm request to confirm the selected second candidate if the second candidate character sequence is different from the first candidate character s

Abstract: An apparatus and method for diagnosing and/or treating autonomic dysregulation is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a user is presented stressful audio-visual content at a known time. The resulting amount of deviation of the user's autonomic nervous system from stasis is automatically quantified periodically subsequent to the presentation of the stressful audio-visual content by monitoring a parameter of the user's heartbeat over time, thus automatically measuring both the amount of disturbance in the user's autonomic nervous system, and the re-settling time of the user's autonomic nervous system for given stressful audio-visual content. The apparatus may then guide the user through one or more awareness exercises, and subsequently re-measure the user's response to stressful audio-visual content.

Abstract: The described embodiments may provide a chemical detection circuit that may comprise a plurality of first output circuits at a first side and a plurality of second output circuits at a second side of the chemical detection circuit. The chemical detection circuit may further comprise a plurality of tiles of pixels each placed between respective pairs of first and second output circuits. Each tile may include four quadrants of pixels. Each quadrant may have columns with designated first columns interleaved with second columns. Each first column may be coupled to a respective first output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective second output circuit in third and fourth quadrants. Each second column may be coupled to a respective second output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective first output circuit in third and fourth quadrants.

Abstract: One or more charge pumps may be used to amplify the output voltage from a chemically-sensitive pixel that comprises one or more transistors. A charge pump may include a number of track stage switches, a number of boost phase switches and a number of capacitors. The capacitors are in parallel during the track phase and in series during the boost phase, and the total capacitance is divided during the boost phase while the total charge remains fixed. Consequently, the output voltage is pushed up.

Abstract: The described embodiments may provide a chemical detection circuit that may comprise a plurality of first output circuits at a first side and a plurality of second output circuits at a second side of the chemical detection circuit. The chemical detection circuit may further comprise a plurality of tiles of pixels each placed between respective pairs of first and second output circuits. Each tile may include four quadrants of pixels. Each quadrant may have columns with designated first columns interleaved with second columns. Each first column may be coupled to a respective first output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective second output circuit in third and fourth quadrants. Each second column may be coupled to a respective second output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective first output circuit in third and fourth quadrants.

Abstract: The described embodiments may provide a chemical detection circuit with an improved signal-to-noise ration. The chemical detection circuit may include a current source, a chemical detection pixel, an amplifier and a capacitor. The chemical detection pixel may comprise a chemical-sensitive transistor that may have a first and second terminals and a row-select switch coupled between the current source and chemically-sensitive transistor. The amplifier may have a first input and a second input, with the first input coupled to an output of the chemically-sensitive transistor via a switch and the second input coupled to an offset voltage line. The capacitor may be coupled between an output of the amplifier and the first input of the amplifier. The capacitor and amplifier may form an integrator and may be shared by a column of chemical detection pixels.

Abstract: Methods are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a method is described for reading a chemFET having a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. The method includes biasing the first terminal of the chemFET to a first bias voltage during a read interval. The second terminal of the chemFET is coupled to a data line during the read interval. A current is induced through the chemFET via the data line. An output signal proportional to an integral of a voltage or current on the data line is generated in response to the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Abstract: Circuits are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a device is described that includes a chemFET including a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. An integrator circuit is coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the chemFET via a data line. The integrator circuit applies a bias voltage to the data line during a read interval, thereby inducing a current through the chemFET based on a threshold voltage of the chemFET. The integrator circuit then generates an output signal proportional to an integral of the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Abstract: Methods are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a method is described for reading a chemFET having a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. The method includes biasing the first terminal of the chemFET to a first bias voltage during a read interval. The second terminal of the chemFET is coupled to a data line during the read interval. A current is induced through the chemFET via the data line. An output signal proportional to an integral of a voltage or current on the data line is generated in response to the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Abstract: Circuits are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a device is described that includes a chemFET including a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. An integrator circuit is coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the chemFET via a data line. The integrator circuit applies a bias voltage to the data line during a read interval, thereby inducing a current through the chemFET based on a threshold voltage of the chemFET. The integrator circuit then generates an output signal proportional to an integral of the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Abstract: Authentication of a signal, signalA, that is provided as having been received from a source at a first global location by comparing it to a signal that is received from the source at a second global location, signalB, where signalB contains an unknown signal that is unique to the source, and determining that signalA contains the same unknown signal that is contained in signalB.

Abstract: An arrangement including a receiver that receives a plurality of signals from different source that are modulated with a common carrier, where each signal of the signals experiences a transit delay and Doppler frequency shift before reaching the receiver. The receiver includes means, such as a directional antenna, to ensure that the received signals are bona fide, or at least not subject to the same bogus signal or signals to which a second receiver may be subjected. The arrangement further includes means for processing a signal derived from the signals received by the receiver with signals provided by a supplicant module to reach a conclusion about the bona fide of the signals provided by the supplicant module.

Abstract: A module for receiving a plurality of signals that are modulated with a common carrier, where each of the signals includes information that enables a determination of a distance from said receiver to a source that transmits the signal, and outputs to outside the module a digital representation of a downshifted replica of the received signals or, alternatively, outputs a stored and delayed version of the downshifted replica of the received signals together with information about the delay.

Abstract: Authentication of a signal, signalA, that is provided as having been received from a source at a first global location by comparing it to a signal that is received from the source at a second global location, signalB, where signalB contains an unknown signal that is unique to the source, and determining that signalA contains the same unknown signal that is contained in signalB.

Abstract: A receiver that receives a plurality of signals that are modulated with a common carrier, where each signal of said signals originates at a different source and experiences a transit delay and Doppler frequency shift before reaching the receiver, and where the transit delay and Doppler frequency shift are related to position and movement of each of the respective sources. The receiver includes means, such as a directional antenna, to ensure that the received signals are bona fide, or at least not subject to the same bogus signal or signals to which a second receiver may be subjected.