Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing a photorefractive assessment. The system comprises a computing device including an image-capturing device, a display device, and a computer application that is executable on the computing device and operable to perform a method including receiving input specifying subject information, capturing an image using the image-capturing device containing eye pupils of a subject, and analyzing the image captured to determine a distance between the subject and the image-capturing device using the subject information and predetermined interpupilary distance information. A remediation action may be performed if the distance determined is not within an appropriate distance range for the photorefractive assessment. An illuminance level of the environment may be analyzed using the image captured to determine whether lighting conditions are appropriate for performing the photorefractive assessment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing the anatomy of a patient's eye with circular or rotated polarized laser beams, or with laser beams of different wavelengths are disclosed. One system includes a polarization beam-splitter and a quarter-wave plate, wherein the quarter-wave plate is configured to circularly rotate a laser beam received from a laser that is transmitted and passes through the polarization beam-splitter, and to transform a circularly rotated back-reflected beam to a linearly polarized laser beam that is perpendicular to the beam that was transmitted through the polarization beam-splitter. Substantially all of the back-reflected beam is directed to a photo-detector for analysis. A Faraday rotator subsystem may be substituted for a polarization beam-splitter. An optical system including a laser that generates a laser beam of a first wavelength for therapeutic treatment, and another laser that generates a laser beam of a second wavelength for measurement is also disclosed.

Abstract: A pizza cutter is provided. The pizza cutter includes a first member that has a first handle. A rotary knife is pivotally attached to the first member such that the first member extends beyond the radius of the rotary knife. A second member, that also has a handle, is affixed to the first member such that the second member also extends beyond the radius of the rotary knife. The second member also extends in a direction relative to the first member such that an obtuse angle is formed between the first member and the second member.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention generally relate to systems and methods for eye imaging, and more particularly to measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens. In one embodiment, a method for measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens comprises generating and emitting one or more light beams at an angle adjacent to the eye, generating one or more eye images, and detecting the position and/or boundary of a lens capsule from its shadow casted by reflected light on the iris.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention generally relate to systems and methods for eye imaging, and more particularly to measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens. In one embodiment, a method for measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens comprises generating and emitting one or more light beams at an angle adjacent to the eye, generating one or more eye images, and detecting the position and/or boundary of a lens capsule from its shadow casted by reflected light on the iris.

Abstract: Determining and applying format attributes associated with content in an electronic document that is cut or copied from an electronic document and pasted into the same or different electronic document. The determination may be based on the format attributes of the content within a region of an electronic document containing the cut or copied content and the format attributes of a region of content that includes the location where the cut or copied text may be pasted. Local formatting may be associated with the source region of content and the destination region of content. Direct, or emphasis formatting, may be associated with content that has been cut or copied.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention relate to systems and methods for automatic depth (or Z) detection before, during, or after laser-assisted ophthalmic surgery. When performing ophthalmic laser surgery, the operator (or surgeon) needs to make accurate and precise incisions using the laser beam. With the automatic depth detection systems and methods, the same laser used for the surgical procedure may be used for depth measurement of the surgical incisions. The surgical laser system may include a laser delivery system for delivering a pulsed laser beam to photoalter an eye, a mirror to transmit at least a portion of reflected light of the pulsed laser beam, a lens positioned to focus the transmitted reflected lighted on to a detector, (such as a CCD), and a depth encoder configured to automatically detect depth according to one or more of color, intensity, or shape of the focused spot on the CCD.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention relate to systems and methods for providing anatomical flap centration for an ophthalmic laser treatment system. In one embodiment, the laser surgery system, having an imaging system and a suction ring coupled with a patient interface, captures a digital image of a subject's eye and identifies an optimum treatment placement of the corneal flap using anatomical markers as reference points.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention generally relate to systems and methods for eye imaging, and more particularly to measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens. In one embodiment, a method for measuring the size and position of the lens capsule and of the implanted intraocular lens comprises generating and emitting one or more light beams at an angle adjacent to the eye, generating one or more eye images, and detecting the position and/or boundary of a lens capsule from its shadow casted by reflected light on the iris.

Abstract: A system and method for performing ophthalmic surgery using an ultra-short pulsed laser is provided. The system includes a laser engine configured to provide an ultra-short pulsed laser beam, optics configured to direct the laser beam to an undocked eye of a patient, an eye tracker configured to measure five degrees of freedom of movement of the undocked eye, an optical coherence tomography module configured to measure depth of the undocked eye, and a controller configured to control laser beam position on the undocked eye toward a desired laser pattern based on depth and the five degrees of freedom of movement of the undocked eye. Adaptive optics are also provided. Also disclosed are a scleral ring including fiducial markings and a compliant contact lens and fluid fillable contact lens configured to facilitate ultra-short pulsed laser surgery while reducing or eliminating eye docking requirements.

Abstract: Systems and methods for locating the center of a lens in the eye are provided. These systems and methods can be used to improve the effectiveness of a wide variety of different ophthalmic procedures. In one embodiment, a system and method is provided for determining the center of eye lens by illuminating the eye with a set of light sources, and measuring the resulting first image of the light sources reflected from an anterior surface of the lens and the resulting second image of the light sources reflected from a posterior surface of the lens. The location of the center of the lens of the eye is then determined using the measurements. In one embodiment, the center of the lens is determined by interpolating between the measures of the images. Such a determination provides an accurate location of the geometric center of the lens.

Abstract: Molecular adsorption to the microfluidic device surfaces can be passively and actively mitigated by mixing certain hydrophilic polymers (organic polymers with repeating hydrophilic groups—the preferred polymers being amphipathic surfactants—with the sample liquid during or prior to relevant microfluidic operations. Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether are especially effective. High molecular weight polyethylene polymers are also effective. The hydrophilic polymers appear to prevent binding of the fouling molecules to the microfluidic by occupying the surface sites in place of the fouling molecules or by interacting with the fouling molecules to prevent binding of the fouling molecules the surface. When surface adsorption is thus mitigated, microfluidic devices can readily handle samples containing biomolecules to enable active sample concentration, filtering, washing, transport, mixing and other sample handling operations.

Abstract: A refill droplet facilitates the extraction of a droplet laterally from a channel in a microfluidic apparatus. Such extraction allows a discrete band of separated particles or solute molecules to be excised from a fluid stream and processed and analyzed separately. An extraction point is located along the length of the channel and includes an EWOD surface or similar microfluidic technology to extract a droplet. An opening in the channel opposite the extraction means is equipped with microfluidic technology to transport a refill droplet to the opening. The refill droplet is moved into the channel or column to occupy the area previously occupied by the extracted droplet. This prevents distortion or mixing of the bands of particles or molecules within the channel and prevents the draining of any portion of the fluidic system.

Abstract: Methods of improving microfluidic assays are disclosed. Assays can be improved (better signal to noise ratio) by using sessile drop evaporation as an analyte concentration step (enhanced signal) and repeated passes of wash droplets as a means to reduce non-specific binding (noise reduction). In addition multiple massively parallel analyses improve the statistical precision of the analyses.

Abstract: Determining and applying format attributes associated with content in an electronic document that is cut or copied from an electronic document and pasted into the same or different electronic document. The determination may be based on the format attributes of the content within a region of an electronic document containing the cut or copied content and the format attributes of a region of content that includes the location where the cut or copied text may be pasted. Local formatting may be associated with the source region of content and the destination region of content. Direct, or emphasis formatting, may be associated with content that has been cut or copied.

Abstract: Determining and applying format attributes associated with content in an electronic document that is cut or copied from an electronic document and pasted into the same or different electronic document. The determination may be based on the format attributes of the content within a region of an electronic document containing the cut or copied content and the format attributes of a region of content that includes the location where the cut or copied text may be pasted. Local formatting may be associated with the source region of content and the destination region of content. Direct, or emphasis formatting, may be associated with content that has been cut or copied.

Abstract: Molecular adsorption to the microfluidic device surfaces can be passively and actively mitigated by mixing certain hydrophilic polymers (organic polymers with repeating hydrophilic groups—the preferred polymers being amphipathic surfactants—with the sample liquid during or prior to relevant microfluidic operations. Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether are especially effective. High molecular weight polyethylene polymers are also effective. The hydrophilic polymers appear to prevent binding of the fouling molecules to the microfluidic by occupying the surface sites in place of the fouling molecules or by interacting with the fouling molecules to prevent binding of the fouling molecules the surface. When surface adsorption is thus mitigated, microfluidic devices can readily handle samples containing biomolecules to enable active sample concentration, filtering, washing, transport, mixing and other sample handling operations.

Abstract: Methods of improving microfluidic assays are disclosed. Assays can be improved (better signal to noise ratio) by using sessile drop evaporation as an analyte concentration step (enhanced signal) and repeated passes of wash droplets as a means to reduce non-specific binding (noise reduction). In addition multiple massively parallel analyses improve the statistical precision of the analyses.

Abstract: Remotely controlled platforms for experimentation provide for centralized placement of costly and space consuming experimentation equipment. Additionally, remotely controlled platforms take advantage of economies of scale to make the centralized experimentation platforms more available for students and researchers of institutions that cannot afford to have institutional ownership of the experimentation platforms.

Abstract: Reference information related to data that is copied using computer software is provided. The data can be copied from a first computer application to a memory. Reference information related to the data can also be copied to the memory. The copied data can be pasted to a second computer application. The reference information related to the data can also be pasted to the second application, so that the reference information can be reviewed along with the data. The data and reference information can also be copied and pasted among one or more documents using a single computer application.