Abstract: The invention relates to a filter material which is used, in particular in filters or as a filter for treating and/or purifying gas, in particular for clean room environments. The filter material comprises at least one activated carbon, in particular with reactive and/or catalytic finishing and the activated carbon is present in the form of discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in a spherical and/or grain form. The activated carbon comprises and/or is provided with at least one metal component which contains at least one metal-containing ionic liquid (IL), containing in particular metal ions, preferably based on a metal compound.

Abstract: The present application relates to an arrangement for supplying energy to isolated buildings. The arrangement comprises at least one energy generating installation for providing an electrical current, at least one electrolyser for producing hydrogen from water using the electrical current from the energy generating installation, at least one first chemical reactor for at least partially hydrogenating at least one substrate with an extended ?-conjugated system using the hydrogen formed in the electrolyser, at least one storage tank for storing the substrate hydrogenated at least partially in the first chemical reactor, at least one second chemical reactor for at least partially dehydrogenating the at least partially hydrogenated substrate which was produced in the first chemical reactor and stored in the storage tank with the release of hydrogen, and at least one fuel cell for the oxidation of the hydrogen release in the second chemical reactor with the release of energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an activated carbon, in particular an activated carbon with reactive and/or catalytic activity, said activated carbon being in the form of discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in a spherical and/or grain form. The activated carbon is provided with and/or comprises at least one metal component which has at least one metal-containing ionic liquid (IL) containing, in particular metal ions, preferably based on a metal compound. The invention also related to methods for producing said activated carbon, to the uses thereof and to materials provided herewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for catalytically producing formic acid. A polyoxometallate ion, which is used as a catalyst, of the general formula [PMoxVyO40]5? is brought into contact with an alpha-hydroxyaldehyde, an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a carbohydrate, or a glycoside in a liquid solution at a temperature below 120° C., wherein 6<x<11, 1<y<6, x+y=12, and x and y are each a whole number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (menthol) via the hydrogenation of thymol to neomenthol and the subsequent isomerization to give D/L (+/?)-menthol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (D,L-menthol) via the hydrogenation of thymol to menthone and subsequent further hydrogenation to give D,L-menthol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical compounds comprising a [Y(CHRa)n—CH(Ra)SO3]? anion, their preparation and application. The chemical compounds are preferably ionic liquids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: a) an inert porous support material, b) an ionic liquid, c) a metal selected from group 9 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, d) a phosphorus-containing organic ligand, e) at least one organic amine. The present invention further provides a process for hydroformylating olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixtures to aldehydes with addition of the inventive composition as a catalytically active composition, wherein: a) the water content of the olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is adjusted to not more than 20 ppm, b) the content of polyunsaturated compounds in the olefin-containing hydrocarbon mixture is adjusted to not more than 3000 ppm, c) a molar ratio of organic amines according to claims 10-13 to phosphorus-containing organic ligands according to claims 8-9 of at least 4:1 is established, d) a molar ratio of phosphorus-containing organic ligands according to claims 8-9 to rhodium of at least 10:1 is established.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for catalytically producing formic acid. A polyoxometallate ion, which is used as a catalyst, of the general formula [PMoxVyO40]5? is brought into contact with an alpha-hydroxyaldehyde, an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, a carbohydrate, or a glycoside in a liquid solution at a temperature below 120° C., wherein 6<x<11, 1<y<6, x+y=12, and x and y are each a whole number.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system composed of: a) a support material selected from at least one of the following materials: silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and mixed oxides thereof, carbon nanotubes; b) an ionic liquid; c) a catalytically active composition comprising nickel; d) an activator selected from the group of Lewis acids with alkylating properties. Additionally provided is the use of the catalyst systems of the invention in the oligomerization of unsaturated hydrocarbon mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical compounds comprising a [Y(CHRa)n—CH(Ra)SO3]? anion, their preparation and application. The chemical compounds are preferably ionic liquids.

Abstract: An ionic liquid according to the invention is substantially halogen-free, has a low viscosity and is stable to hydrolytic degradation under test conditions. The ionic liquid is a compound of the formula (cation) (R?—O—SO3), (cation) (R?—SO3), or a mixture of the two compounds. It can be used in processes for the chemical conversion and separation of materials by employing the ionic liquid as a solvent, solvent additive, extraction agent or phase-transfer catalyst. It can also be used in a heat exchange device wherein the ionic liquid serves as a heat carrier or heat carrier additive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production and isolation of lactic acid which is produced by way of fermentation of a carbohydrate-bearing feedstock and the addition of ammonia. The lactic acid is released from the ammonium salt of the lactate by adding a mineral acid and the lactic acid isolation takes place by extraction with the aid of an alkylated amine. The extraction is preferably operated at a pH value of 4.0 to 2.0, thereby obtaining a multi-phase mixture which is split up. The phase thus obtained with the lactate salt of amine subsequently undergoes distillation, so that lactic acid is obtained as pure product or the phase with the lactate salt of amine are thermally decomposed, thereby producing an oligolactide that is distillable and thus yields a pure dilactide. The invention also encompasses a device suitable for the performance of the inventive process.

Abstract: Organosilanes are prepared by hydrosilylation of unsaturated organic compounds by monomeric silanes containing at least one silicon bonded hydrogen, in a process wherein an ionic liquid containing a hydrosilylation catalyst is present as one phase, and the reactants are present in at least a second phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to the implementation of enzyme-catalysed reactions in the presence of ionic liquids.

Abstract: Ionic liquids comprising a mixture of one or more triflate or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salt(s) with one or more Lewis acids(s), wherein the total of the molar contents of the Lewis acid(s) in the mixture is from about 0.01-98%, are provided, that are useful as catalysts in Lewis acid catalyzed reactions.

Abstract: Salt composition containing an amount of at least 10% by weight KNO2, an amount of at least 15% by weight NaNO2, and an amount of at least 10% by weight LiNO3. Salt aqueous liquid solution containing the salt composition. Use of a salt composition or salt aqueous liquid solution for storing and/or transferring thermal energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ionic liquids of general formula (cation)(R?—O—SO3). The process includes the step of treating the compound of formula (cation)(R—O—SO3) with an alcohol, or mixture of different alcohols, of the formula R?—OH optionally in the presence of a catalyst to form the desired ionic liquid and the by-product R—OH, which is optionally removed during the reaction or after completion of the reaction. The compound of formula (cation)(R—O—SO3) can be prepared by alkylating a tertiary or aromatic amine with a dialkylsulfate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing polarizable impurities from hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids as an extraction medium. By way of extraction, the degree of contamination of the hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons is reduced to a low or very low level. The specific ionic liquids are compounds of the Formula 1, which are organic salts that are liquid or can be melted to form a liquid and that can form at least a biphasic mixture with a hydrocarbon. The process is suitable for purifying a wide range of hydrocarbons under a wide range of process conditions.

Abstract: The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least two heteroatoms are not the same. The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerization of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.