Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: Multi-dimensional Rydberg fingerprint spectroscopy can be used for chemical sensing in gaseous mixtures. A pulsed laser beam having a first wavelength can be delivered to a sample using a tunable pulsed excitation laser; and a pulsed laser beam having a second wavelength can be delivered to the sample point using a tunable pulsed transition laser. The pulsed laser beam having the first wavelength and the pulsed laser beam having the second wavelength have energy sufficient to excite an electron of a sample molecule to a Rydberg state. A level of ionization or light absorption can be detected at the sample point. The level of ionization or light absorption detected and the first and second wavelengths are used to determine the presence and identity of one or more chemicals in the sample of the gaseous mixture.

Abstract: A transmission system includes a first device and a second device remote from the first device. The first device transmits electrical energy to a transmission line during a power provision phase, generates and transmits data symbols to the transmission line during a downstream transmission phase, and receives data symbols from the transmission line during an upstream transmission phase. The second device receives the energy from the transmission line during the power provision phase, receives the data symbols from the transmission line during the downstream transmission phase, and generates and transmits the data symbols to the transmission line during the upstream transmission phase, and the second device generates and transmits data symbols by shorting or disconnecting the transmission line. A method of transmitting electrical energy from the local device to the remote device, and communicating data symbols between the local and remote devices is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for computing with chemicals by encoding digital data into a plurality of chemicals to obtain a dataset; translating the dataset into a chemical form; reading the data set; querying the dataset by performing an operation to obtain a perceptron; and analyzing the perceptron for identifying chemical structure and/or concentration of at least one of the chemicals, thereby developing a chemical computational language. The invention demonstrates a workflow for representing abstract data in synthetic metabolomes. Also presented are several demonstrations of kilobyte-scale image data sets stored in synthetic metabolomes, recovered at >99% accuracy.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for widefield three-dimensional (3D) microscopy with a quantum entanglement light source are described. An example method includes generating a first set of photons and a second set of photons, wherein each of the photons in the first set is quantum entangled with a corresponding photon in the second set, directing the second set of photons toward a sample and simultaneously directing the first set of photons toward a first two-dimensional (2D) detector, detecting, from the sample, a plurality of photons at a second 2D detector, analyzing detections from the first and second 2D detectors to determine coincidence information, and determining one or more characteristics associated with at least a three-dimensional (3D) section of the sample based on collective detections at the first and the second 2D detectors.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for computing with chemicals by encoding digital data into a plurality of chemicals to obtain a dataset; translating the dataset into a chemical form; reading the data set; querying the dataset by performing an operation to obtain a perceptron; and analyzing the perceptron for identifying chemical structure and/or concentration of at least one of the chemicals, thereby developing a chemical computational language. The invention demonstrates a workflow for representing abstract data in synthetic metabolomes. Also presented are several demonstrations of kilobyte-scale image data sets stored in synthetic metabolomes, recovered at >99% accuracy.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring energy use in an electronic device. In one embodiment, an energy monitoring system includes a processor and an energy monitor module. The energy monitor module includes instructions that when executed cause the processor to receive values of measured parameters of a pulse signal that controls the switching of energy to an energy storage device in a switch mode power supply that provides power to an electronic device. The instructions also cause the processor to determine, based on the values of measured parameters, attributes of operation of the electronic device powered by the energy source during an interval corresponding to the measured parameters. The instructions further cause the processor to generate, based on the attributes of operation, a control signal that causes the electronic device to change the loading of the power supply by the electronic device.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for widefield three-dimensional (3D) microscopy with a quantum entanglement light source are described. An example method includes generating a first set of photons and a second set of photons, wherein each of the photons in the first set is quantum entangled with a corresponding photon in the second set, directing the second set of photons toward a sample and simultaneously directing the first set of photons toward a first two-dimensional (2D) detector, detecting, from the sample, a plurality of photons at a second 2D detector, analyzing detections from the first and second 2D detectors to determine coincidence information, and determining one or more characteristics associated with at least a three-dimensional (3D) section of the sample based on collective detections at the first and the second 2D detectors.

Abstract: A network element, for use in an automotive network in a vehicle, includes one or more ports, packet processing circuitry and a validation data collector. The one or more ports are configured for communicating over the automotive network in the vehicle. The packet processing circuitry is configured to receive packets from the automotive network via the one or more ports, the packets including time-protocol packets, to process the received packets, and to forward the processed packets to the automotive network via the one or more ports. The validation data collector is configured to derive, from at least some of the time-protocol packets that are processed by the packet-processing circuitry, validation data indicative of compliance of the network element with a vehicle-safety requirement, and to make the validation data accessible from outside the network element.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for computing with chemicals by encoding digital data into a plurality of chemicals to obtain a dataset; translating the dataset into a chemical form; reading the data set; querying the dataset by performing an operation to obtain a perceptron; and analyzing the perceptron for identifying chemical structure and/or concentration of at least one of the chemicals, thereby developing a chemical computational language. The invention demonstrates a workflow for representing abstract data in synthetic metabolomes. Also presented are several demonstrations of kilobyte-scale image data sets stored in synthetic metabolomes, recovered at >99% accuracy.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for computing with chemicals by encoding digital data into a plurality of chemicals to obtain a dataset; translating the dataset into a chemical form; reading the data set; querying the dataset by performing an operation to obtain a perceptron; and analyzing the perceptron for identifying chemical structure and/or concentration of at least one of the chemicals, thereby developing a chemical computational language. The invention demonstrates a workflow for representing abstract data in synthetic metabolomes. Also presented are several demonstrations of kilobyte-scale image data sets stored in synthetic metabolomes, recovered at >99% accuracy.

Abstract: It may be difficult to determine the location of objects underwater, especially when they are buried below a seabed. A system for detecting conductive objects underwater may include a long conductive cable in electric communication with a signal generator. When the cable is positioned proximate to the conductive object, its signal may induce a current and a detectible secondary magnetic field in the conductive object. A sensor, preferably positioned distally from any portion of the conductive cable, may detect the secondary magnetic field and thereby determine the location of the conductive object. A method of detecting and mapping the location of a buried underwater pipeline comprising a conductive material may include: sending a predetermined current through a conductive cable attached to a first water vehicle; inducing an induced current in the pipeline; and detecting the location of at least a portion of the pipeline by a sensor attached to a second water vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for computing with chemicals by encoding digital data into a plurality of chemicals to obtain a dataset; translating the dataset into a chemical form; reading the data set; querying the dataset by performing an operation to obtain a perceptron; and analyzing the perceptron for identifying chemical structure and/or concentration of at least one of the chemicals, thereby developing a chemical computational language. The invention demonstrates a workflow for representing abstract data in synthetic metabolomes. Also presented are several demonstrations of kilobyte-scale image data sets stored in synthetic metabolomes, recovered at >99% accuracy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring energy use in an electronic device. In one embodiment, an energy monitoring system includes a processor and an energy monitor module. The energy monitor module includes instructions that when executed cause the processor to receive values of measured parameters of a pulse signal that controls the switching of energy to an energy storage device in a switch mode power supply that provides power to an electronic device. The instructions also cause the processor to determine, based on the values of measured parameters, attributes of operation of the electronic device powered by the energy source during an interval corresponding to the measured parameters. The instructions further cause the processor to generate, based on the attributes of operation, a control signal that causes the electronic device to change the loading of the power supply by the electronic device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for tracking energy consumption. An energy tracking system comprises at least one switching element, at least one inductor and a control block to keep the output voltage at a pre-selected level. The switching elements are configured to apply the source of energy to the inductors. The control block compares the output voltage of the energy tracking system to a reference value and controls the switching of the switched elements in order to transfer energy for the primary voltage into a secondary voltage at the output of the energy tracking system. The electronic device further comprises an ON-time and OFF-time generator and an accumulator wherein the control block is coupled to receive a signal from the ON-time and OFF-time generator and generates switching signals for the at least one switching element in the form of ON-time pulses with a constant width ON-time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrobetaine hydrochloride of formula (I), wherein the process comprises reacting 3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrobetaine or a salt thereof with a 2-alkoxybenzoyl chloride of formula (III), and where R is selected from benzyl and branched C3-C6 alkyl groups. The present invention further relates to compounds of formula (II) and salts thereof, where R is selected from benzyl and branched C3-C6 alkyl groups, and to a process for preparing same.