Abstract: The invention is directed to a circuit for conditioning the output signal of a measuring sensor for further processing in a control apparatus which has a fixed ground potential which does not necessarily correspond to the ground potential of the measuring sensor. A conditioning circuit is provided which can be integrated on a chip and has the following characteristics. The conditioning circuit compensates for the fluctuating ground offset between exhaust gas probe and control apparatus ground when utilizing an exhaust gas probe burdened with a potential. The circuit arrangement includes an external circuit which can be changed to influence the input signal to the conditioning circuit. With this changeable external circuit, the output signal of the circuit arrangement can be so modified that the control apparatus outputs an output voltage with offset and an output voltage without offset.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the operability of a probe heating device is introduced which comprises a probe heater, an arrangement which supplies the probe heater with the necessary electrical energy and the corresponding supply leads. The essence of the invention is that the heating current for a probe heater causes a measuring voltage on a measuring resistor connected in series with the probe heater. The measuring voltage is compared to a further voltage which is emitted by a reference element. The reference element is at a similar temperature as the measuring resistor or receives a measuring signal which corresponds to the temperature of the measuring resistor and emits a voltage which has a similar temperature response as the measuring voltage. By means of this comparison of both voltages, it is possible to conclude as to the current flowing through the heater and therefore as to the operability of the probe heating device without switching too high a resistor in series with the probe heater.

Abstract: The flexible printed circuit device, includes at least one hybrid circuit structure having assigned contact areas, a rigid printed circuit board, a flexible printed circuit board portion also having assigned contact areas on one end region thereof and being connected electrically to the rigid printed circuit board, a plurality of bonding electrical conductors, each of the electrical conductors being bonded at one end thereof to one of the assigned contact areas on the at least one hybrid circuit structure and, at the other end thereof, to one of the assigned contact areas on the end region of the flexible printed circuit board portion; and a rigid support, the hybrid circuit structure being mounted on the rigid support. The end region of the flexible printed circuit board portion is fixedly mounted on the rigid support in side-by-side relationship with the hybrid circuit structure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system for setting the throttle flap angle for an internal combustion engine. The system sets the idle stop for the idle throttle flap angle and monitors the setting with respect to defects that occur. If the throttle flap is in contact engagement with the idle stop, a contact is actuated which causes a buffer storage of the actual throttle flap angle which thereby represents the position of the idle stop. If then, for example, the idle stop changes during driving operation, its new position is established upon a renewed contact engagement of the throttle flap, by measuring the throttle flap angle. A possible defect can be established from a comparison of actual and desired values and a positioning motor is then appropriately driven to displace the idle stop. This system has the advantage that a defect occurring in the region of the positioning motor is detected without additional circuit complexity.

Abstract: A device for controlling a throttle cross-section of at least one control orifice in a bypass line extending around a throttle valve of an air intake pipe of an internal combustion engine, for regulating an idle speed of the internal combustion engine, and comprising a throttle member, a spring element for biasing the throttle member to an initial position thereof, and a positioning motor for moving the throttle member from its initial position against a bias force of the spring element, upon failure of the spring element and when the positioning motor is actuated, to establish a safety cross-section in the bypass line, a quantity of operating medium flowing through the safety cross-section being less than a quantity of operating medium flowing through a complete cross-section of the control orifice whereby idle operation of the internal combustion engine is insured.

Abstract: A method and apparatus from aspirating secreted fliuds from a wound is disclosed which involves the placement of a drain into a wound via the tissue adjacent the wound. After the wound is closed, a secretion aspiration and collection device, which is connected to the drain via a tube, is placed into operation. The device is designed to have a suction effect controlled between a minimum value and a maximum value according to the quantity of secreted fluid to be aspirated. This is achieved by one or more sensors which control a tube pump. When a second sensor is used, the pump will not be shut off by a passing air bubble in the fluid. A sleeve may also be provided to facilitate introduction of the drain into the wound. Additionally, a needle may be detachably connected to the sleeve to aid the insertion of the sleeve.

Abstract: A gassing incubator for cultivating human or animal cells or tissues is known that has an inner case which can be closed by a door and is surrounded by a thermally insulating outer case. The outer case is spaced away from the side walls, back wall and roof of the inner case. Electrical heaters are disposed under the floor of the inner case and in the area of the side walls. The incubator has a means for humidifying the inner chamber atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus for resetting computing devices, particularly devices for fuel proportioning or fuel injection, for adjusting ignition timing, and the like, which are controlled by microprocessors, includes a resetting circuit to evaluate the change in the switching state of the ignition lock switch of the motor vehicle when restarted. The evaluation is effected independently of the supply voltage still at the computing device due to a self-sustaining circuit, by means of an integrated differentiation and the differentiation voltage is fed to a comparator at whose output the reset pulse is formed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aspirating secreted fluids from a wound is disclosed which involves the placement of a drain into a wound via the tissue adjacent the wound. After the wound is closed, a secretion aspiration and collection device, which is connected to the drain via a tube, is placed into operation. The device is designed to have a suction effect controlled between a minimum value and a maximum value according to the quantity of secreted fluid to be aspirated. This is achieved by one or more sensors which control a tube pump. When a second sensor is used, the pump will not be shut off by a passing air bubble in the fluid. A sleeve may also be provided to facilitate introduction of the drain into the wound. Additionally, a needle may be detachably connected to the sleeve to aid the insertion of the sleeve.

Abstract: A protective arrangement for an electromagnetic load is disclosed. In this protective arrangement, the load and a control transistor form a series circuit from the battery voltage to ground and a series circuit of a free-wheeling transistor and a free-wheeling diode is connected in parallel with the load. By coupling the base of the free-wheeling transistor to ground, this transistor is made continuously conductive provided that the polarity of the supply voltage is correct, whereas, this free-wheeling transistor blocks if the supply voltage polarity is incorrect. This assures that none of the components is in danger of being destroyed in the event that the polarity of the supply voltage is incorrect.

Abstract: A sensor is disclosed for detecting the position of a movable part in a motor vehicle with a common drive for several position pickups and several paths. The individual paths are traversed at least partly consecutively over the total range so that a position signal with different resolution depending on the path can be made available. This is accomplished by means of individual paths corresponding to different places in the total range. The paths are in the form of resistance paths. The signals picked up can then be associated with electrically different paths for further processing. Paths having the same resolution are also possible.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aspirating secreted fluids from a wound is disclosed which involves the placement of a drain into a wound via the tissue adjacent the wound. After the wound is closed, a secretion aspiration and collection device, which is connected to the drain via a tube, is placed into operation. The device is designed to have a suction effect controlled between a minimum value and a maximum value according to the quantity of secreted fluid to be aspirated. This is achieved by one or more sensors which control a tube pump. When a second sensor is used, the pump will not be shut off by a passing air bubble in the fluid. A sleeve may also be provided to facilitate introduction of the drain into the wound. Additionally, a needle may be detachably connected to the sleeve to aid the insertion of the sleeve.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for metering fuel to a spark-ignition internal combustion engine equipped with a fuel injection system. The fuel metering arrangement includes a control apparatus which generates injection pulses for controlling the injection valves, the pulses being generated at least in dependence upon the rotational speed of the engine. In the event of a failure of the control apparatus, control of the injection valves is switched over to injection pulses derived from the ignition system of the engine. In this arrangement, the transfer of control may be accomplished either by pulling the central plug of the control apparatus or by automatic error detection via a speed relay.

Abstract: A safety device for a controlling unit of an internal combustion engine controlled by a microcomputer includes the following circuits: (a) a source of stabilized voltage which may be subject to fluctuations; (b) a first monitoring circuit responsive to voltage breaks in the voltage source to block the controlling unit for the duration of respective voltage breaks; (c) a second monitoring circuit responsive to the operability of the microcomputer to block the controlling unit for the duration of the resetting time of the microcomputer when a non-operative condition of the microcomputer is detected.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for controlling a fuel metering apparatus controlled by a microprocessor and supplemented with an emergency control system. In the event of a microprocessor failure due to a defect, the system attempts to restart the microprocessor. At the same time, an emergency operation pulse generator assumes control of the fuel metering apparatus. Such an emergency control system is particularly suited for fuel metering apparatus which serve to control internal combustion engines for motor vehicles.

Abstract: The actuation speed of an electromagnetic consumer is increased by means of a charged capacitor which is connected in series with a consumer at such a polarity that its voltage is added to that of the power source. In one embodiment, the capacitor is switched across the power source until it is charged and then it is connected in series with the consumer at such a polarity that its positive pole is grounded while the negative pole is connected to the consumer. In another embodiment, the capacitor is first charged through the electromagnetic consumer and then it is connected with its positive pole to ground and with its negative pole to the consumer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for overrunning control in an internal combustion engine are proposed, which operate with an overrunning cutoff and the reestablishment rpm of which is dependent on rpm and on time. At the onset of overrunning, a higher reestablishment rpm is selected, and once the rpm falls below a predetermined rpm value the reestablishment rpm is reduced according to a time function to a lower threshold value. The method may be realized by a controlled system, as well as by a control apparatus operating with analog circuitry.

Abstract: An encapsulated medium-voltage electrical load switching apparatus has four, three-position rotary switches, supported by pairs of opposing insulated half-shells, two-over-two in parallel alignment within a gas-filled sealed shut shell housing.The housing front and back have dome-shaped protrusions to maintain the seal against fluctuations in gas pressure. Bushings in the floor and ceiling of the housing, aligned with the switch face plane, provide gastight connections between the switches and external cables, enclosed fuses and transformer terminals. Switch control is provided by drives mounted on a plate at the front of the housing exterior which operate actuator arms that extend in a gastight way through the housing front and manipulate selector shafts that connect to set the switches into closed-circuited, open-circuited and grounded positions.

Abstract: A multipole high voltage circuit breaker is provided with a housing formed of a pair of flanged housing shells which are snap-fitted together along adjoining peripheral flanges. The thus assembled housing is provided with a plurality of intermediate walls and end walls for defining a plurality of compartments corresponding to respective ones of the poles of the circuit breaker. A switch actuator shaft is formed of a plurality of tubular bodies which are housed in respective ones of the compartments and coupled together for joint rotation. A plurality of fixed contacts extend through the housing and are bent so as to be directed radially toward the switch actuator shaft. The arrangement further includes a plurality of switch elements arranged on the switch actuator shaft, the elements being movable between engaged and disengaged positions with respect to the fixed internal contacts upon rotation of the switch actuator shaft.

Abstract: An electrically controlled fuel metering system having an air flow rate meter device in the air intake tube and a subsequent linearizing circuit layout is proposed. The linearizing circuit layout functions in accordance with the point-slope method and is embodied as a voltage-to-current converter. A first exemplary embodiment of the linearizing circuit layout has transistors coupled with one another respectively at the base and collector sides, the emitters of which are connected with different potentials and are triggered on the base side. In a second exemplary embodiment, individual transistors or transistors which are combined into groups receive their trigger signal via separate amplifiers, while the collectors in turn are carried to a common output point and the emitters likewise have different signal levels. Because of its relatively simple design, the proposed embodiments are particularly well suited to the purposes of integration.