Abstract: In a sputtering cathode on the magnetron principle with a target consisting of at least one piece and composed of the material to be sputtered, there is disposed in back of the target a magnet system having a plurality of magnet units of alternately different polarity. These form at least two endless magnetic tunnels of arching lines of force situated one within the other. The poles of the magnet units that face away from the target are joined together by a magnet yoke of soft-magnetic material. To solve the problem of being able to deposit coatings of uniform thickness with only one source of power per cathode, provision is made such that the strength of at least one magnetic field forming a magnetic tunnel can be varied relative to the strength of at least one additional magnetic field forming an additional magnetic tunnel.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer obtains transmitted, reflected, or radiated light from at least two measuring points on at least one object and a spectroscopic light disperser disperses the obtained light spectroscopically to measuring cells for electrically indicating the spectrum of the obtained light, whereby the spectrum may be analyzed for indicating optical properties of the object at the measuring point from which the light was obtained. At least one fibre-glass cable respectively carries the light obtained at each measuring point to the spectroscopic light disperser. The ends of the fibres of each cable at the spectroscopic light dispersion are arranged in a row and the row of fibre ends of each cable are parallel to each other in a matrix of fibre ends. At least one light stop allows light from only one fibre-glass cable at a time to carry the light to the spectroscopic light disperser.

Abstract: A magnetron cathode for sputtering targets of ferromagnetic materials. A cathode ground body (2) has at least one supporting surface (4a, 4c) for the target and a magnet system (6) with magnet poles of opposite polarity cohering on the circumference, lying inside one another, and separated by a gap (5a). The target is divided by at least one air gap geometrically similar to the shape of the interval into at least two target parts (12, 13) which are staggered in the direction of the depth of the cathode on the at least one supporting surface (4a, 4c). In accordance with the invention,(a) the magnet system (6) is disposed in back of the farthest set-back supporting surface (4a) for the target (12, 13), and(b) The width "s" of the air gap (14) in the direction of the depth of the cathode is smaller than the dark space interval necessary under operating conditions.

Abstract: The fluid valve comprises an integral housing made of forged steel, the housing having tubular end portions as fluid inlet and outlet, respectively, conical transition zones having a cone angle of at least 30.degree., and a central enlargement joined by said transition zones to said inlet and outlet ducts. The valve system is positively held between the transition zones. One of the transition zones may form the valve seat cooperating with an axially displaceable valve body.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement specifically for shut off devices is disclosed. A shut off device has two annular metallic sealing members of which one is a rigid body and the other is a thin-walled elastically deformable body. One of the sealing members features a considerable large hardness. The other sealing member comprises a coating of a soft metal, filling all irregularities of the surface thereof. Upon closing of the shut off device the surfaces of the two sealing members rub against each other, whereby the coating of soft metal is rubbed off until portions thereof remain in the recesses of the metal forming the substrate of this sealing member. This assures an excellent sealing of the shut off device.