Abstract: Certain aspects of the invention relate to antibiotics, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pro-drugs and/or analogs thereof. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods of use of said antibiotics.

Abstract: A method of predicting an intein insertion site in a protein that will lead to a switching phenotype is provided. The method includes identifying a plurality of C/T/S sites within the protein; selecting from the plurality of C/T/S/ sites those that are ranked 0.75 or higher by a support vector machine, within ten angstroms of the active site of the protein, and at or near a loop-?-sheet junction or a loop-?-helix junction. A method of controlling protein activity and hosts including proteins with controlled activity are also provided. Also, intein modified proteins and plants containing intein modified proteins are provided.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the invention relates to antibiotics, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pro-drugs and/or analogs thereof. Another aspect of the inventions relates to methods of use of said antibiotics.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to the over-production of L-isoleucine by nonhuman organisms. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for producing L-isoleucine comprising: (a) growing a transformed nonhuman organism under conditions that provide for synthesis of L-isoleucine, wherein the nonhuman organism comprises one or more copies of a transgene comprising at least one nucleotide sequence encoding catabolic threonine dehydratase; wherein the L-isoleucine is synthesized by the transformed nonhuman organism, the synthesis being greater than that of the corresponding non-transformed nonhuman organism; and (b) recovering the L-isoleucine from the culture medium in which the transformed nonhuman organism was cultured.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compostions and methods of using the same for genetic manipulation of a variety of bacterial strains such as Rhodococcus.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an anaplerotic enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum which replenishes oxaloacetate consumed during lysine and glutamic acid production in industrial fermentations. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the pyruvate carboxylase protein. Pyruvate carboxylase polypeptides are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an anaplerotic enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum which replenishes oxaloacetate consumed during lysine and glutamic acid production in industrial fermentations. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the pyruvate carboxylase protein. Pyruvate carboxylase polypeptides are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to the over-production of L-isoleucine by nonhuman organisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to the over-production of L-isoleucine by nonhuman organisms. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for producing L-isoleucine comprising: (a) growing a transformed nonhuman organism under conditions that provide for synthesis of L-isoleucine, wherein the nonhuman organism comprises one or more copies of a transgene comprising at least one nucleotide sequence encoding catabolic threonine dehydratase; wherein the L-isoleucine is synthesized by the transformed nonhuman organism, the synthesis being greater than that of the corresponding non-transformed nonhuman organism; and (b) recovering the L-isoleucine from the culture medium in which the transformed nonhuman organism was cultured.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an anaplerotic enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum which replenishes oxaloacetate consumed during lysine and glutamic acid production in industrial fermentations. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the pyruvate carboxylase protein. Pyruvate carboxylase polypeptides are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an anaplerotic enzyme from Corynebacterium glutamicum which replenishes oxaloacetate consumed during lysine and glutamic acid production in industrial fermentations. In particular, isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided encoding the pyruvate carboxylase protein. Pyruvate carboxylase polypeptides are also provided.

Abstract: A cryopump is regenerated by roughing the cryopump during purging. Purging and roughing is carried out in first a high temperature mode and then a lower ambient temperature mode. In the lower temperature mode, the cryogenic refrigerator is turned on. If the system fails a rough test after roughing at the lower temperature, it is repurged with the rough valve open.

Abstract: A cryogenically cooled water pump traps water vapor with a high probability but is open to non-condensing gases for high conductance to a turbomolecular pump. The preferred array is a single cylinder, having a length to diameter ratio of between 0.5 and 1, concentric with and near to an ambient temperature conduit. A center baffle, preferably of closed frustoconical shape, may be positioned at the center of the array over the upper bearing plate of the turbomolecular pump where it results in minimal reduction in conductance to the pump.

Abstract: A cold trap includes a set of baffles cooled by the cold finger of a closed cycle refrigerator. The baffles are vertically disposed in a vertical fluid conduit with frustoconical and conical surfaces for directing liquid to a circular trough during regeneration. After the liquid is collected, it is blown from the trough through a pressure relief valve by a nitrogen purge. The trough is formed in the upper surface of a connecting flange at the lower end of the fluid conduit.

Abstract: Condensation on a cryopump second stage refrigerator cylinder is prevented by arranging a passageway between a colder second stage cylinder shield in thermal contact with the coldest section of the second stage and a warmer radiation shield in thermal contact with the warmer first stage. This arrangement produces a uniform and significant temperature differential in the passageway. The passageway is arranged so that the ratio of its length, L, to its width, W, is ideally greater than five. This ensures molecular collisions with the cold surface of the cylinder shield so that gas molecules are tightly bound to the cylinder shield. As a result, condensation on the refrigerator cylinder and resultant pressure variations are prevented.

Abstract: A cryopump having at least two temperature stages for pumping gases at their optimal temperatures. A first embodiment has a third temperature stage that is surrounded by and separated from the second temperature stage which is surrounded by and separated from the first temperature stage. Adsorbent placed on the second and third stages are operated at different temperatures to prevent gases with higher critical mobility temperatures from becoming immobilized at the entrance of pores and wells along the surface of the adsorbent. Another embodiment has at least a second stage, a temperature sensor, and a heater to maintain the second stage temperature at optimal level for the gas being pumped.

Abstract: A cryopump which has three temperature stages for pumping gas. The third temperature stage is surrounded by and separated from the second temperature stage which is surrounded by and separated from the first temperature stage. Adsorbent placed on the second and third stage are operated at different temperatures to prevent gases with higher critical mobility temperatures from becoming immobilized at the entrance of pores and wells along the surface of the adsorbent.

Abstract: In a vacuum system having a load lock cooperating with a work chamber, a flow line is connected between the cryopump of the load lock and the work chamber. The flow line passes noncondensible gases which are not absorbed by the cryopump of the load lock to the work chamber 12 for absorption by the cryopump of the work chamber. Alternatively, the flow line is connected between the load lock cryopump and the cryopump of the work chamber for directly passing the noncondensible gases to the work chamber cryopump. The flow line prevents buildup of noncondensible gases within the cryopump of the load lock. The flow line may include baffles to damp pressure surges during cryopumping of the load lock. A control valve connected to the flow line allows operator control of the passing of noncondensible gases from the load lock cryopump to the work chamber or to the work chamber cryopump through the flow line. The dimensions of the flow line provide molecular flow of the noncondensible gases.

Abstract: A recondenser cycles a working volume of cryogen gas through a remote cold box and a coaxial recondensing, heat exchanger transfer line which is inserted into a cryostat. The working volume of gas is compressed to a high pressure and cooled through cooling means which include a mechanical refrigerator of the regenerator-displacer type. The cooled gas is expanded through a first JT valve to a medium pressure and further cooled. The further cooled medium pressure gas is transferred in a closed coaxial transfer line to a cryostat in which boil-off is recondensed. A second JT valve in the cryostat end of an inner tube coaxially positioned in an outer tube forming the transfer line expands the gas to a lower pressure and forms a liquid-gas mixture. The liquid-gas mixture is passed in heat exchange relation with the boil-off from an inner tube to an outer tube of a coaxial recondensing heat exchanger.

Abstract: A recondenser cycles a working volume of cryogen gas through a remote cold box and a coaxial recondensing, heat exchanger transfer line which is inserted into a cryostat. The working volume of gas is compressed to a high pressure and cooled through cooling means which include a mechanical refrigerator of the regenerator-displacer type. The cooled gas is expanded through a first JT valve to a medium pressure and further cooled. The further cooled medium pressure gas is transferred in a closed coaxial transfer line to a cryostat in which boil-off is recondensed. A second JT valve in the cryostat end of an inner tube coaxially positioned in an outer tube forming the transfer line expands the gas to a lower pressure and forms a liquid-gas mixture. The liquid-gas mixture is passed in heat exchange relation with the boil-off from an inner tube to an outer tube of a coaxial recondensing heat exchanger.