Abstract: An improved fluid delivery system and method that directly controls the concentration of constituent components in a fluid mixture delivered, for example, to a process chamber. Pressure of the fluid mixture can also be directly controlled. A concentration sensor capable of measuring concentration of all of the constituent components in a fluid mixture is used to provide signals used to vary the flow rate of constituent gases under a closed loop feedback system. The signal output of one or more pressure sensors can also be used to provide a signal used to vary the flow rate of constituent gases under a closed loop feedback system. By directly controlling these two extremely important process variables, embodiments of the present invention provide a significant advantage in measurement accuracy over the prior art, enable real-time process control, reduce system level response time, and allow for a system with a significant footprint reduction.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system may include a substrate block having an upper surface; a first substrate port in the upper surface; a second substrate port in the upper surface; a substrate fluid passageway extending between the first substrate port and the second substrate port; a substrate ring defining the second substrate port; and a substrate seal channel formed in the upper surface and surrounding the substrate ring. An outer surface of the substrate ring may form an inner surface of the substrate seal channel. An active component may be selected from a flow controller, a pressure transducer, a flow measurement sensor, a pressure regulator, a valve, and a flow meter. The active component may comprise a lower surface; a first component port in the lower surface; a component fluid passageway; a component ring; and a component seal channel formed in the lower surface and surrounding the component ring.

Abstract: An improved fluid delivery system and method that directly controls the concentration of constituent components in a fluid mixture delivered, for example, to a process chamber. Pressure of the fluid mixture can also be directly controlled. A concentration sensor capable of measuring concentration of all of the constituent components in a fluid mixture is used to provide signals used to vary the flow rate of constituent gases under a closed loop feedback system. The signal output of one or more pressure sensors can also be used to provide a signal used to vary the flow rate of constituent gases under a closed loop feedback system. By directly controlling these two extremely important process variables, embodiments of the present invention provide a significant advantage in measurement accuracy over the prior art, enable real-time process control, reduce system level response time, and allow for a system with a significant footprint reduction.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system may include a substrate block having an upper surface; a first substrate port in the upper surface; a second substrate port in the upper surface; a substrate fluid passageway extending between the first substrate port and the second substrate port; a substrate ring defining the second substrate port; and a substrate seal channel formed in the upper surface and surrounding the substrate ring. An outer surface of the substrate ring may form an inner surface of the substrate seal channel. An active component may be selected from a flow controller, a pressure transducer, a flow measurement sensor, a pressure regulator, a valve, and a flow meter. The active component may comprise a lower surface; a first component port in the lower surface; a component fluid passageway; a component ring; and a component seal channel formed in the lower surface and surrounding the component ring.

Abstract: A system that performs wall detection, range estimation, and/or corner detection to determine a position of a device relative to acoustically reflective surfaces. The device generates output audio using a loudspeaker, generates microphone audio data using a microphone array, performs beamforming to generate directional audio data and then generates impulse response data for each of a plurality of directions. The device may detect a peak in the impulse response data and determine a distance and/or direction to a reflective surface based on the peak. Based on a number of reflected surfaces and/or direction(s) of the reflected surfaces detected by the device, the device may classify the different directions and estimate where it is in the room, such as whether the device is in a corner, along one wall, or in an open area. By knowing its position relative to the room surfaces, the device may improve sound equalization.

Abstract: A system configured to improve audio processing by adaptively selecting target signals based on current system conditions. For example, a device may select a target signal based on a highest signal quality metric when only the local speech is present (e.g., during near-end single-talk conditions), as this maximizes an amount of energy included in the output audio signal. In contrast, the device may select the target signal based on a lowest signal quality metric when only the remote speech is present (e.g., during far-end single-talk conditions), as this minimizes an amount of energy included in the output audio signal. In addition, the device may track positions of the local speech and the remote speech over time, enabling the device to accurately select the target signal when both local speech and remote speech is present (e.g., during double-talk conditions).

Abstract: A speech-based audio device may be configured to detect a user-uttered wake expression. For example, the audio device may generate a parameter indicating whether output audio is currently being produced by an audio speaker, whether the output audio contains speech, whether the output audio contains a predefined expression, loudness of the output audio, loudness of input audio, and/or an echo characteristic. Based on the parameter, the audio device may determine whether an occurrence of the predefined expression in the input audio is a result of an utterance of the predefined expression by a user.

Abstract: A speech-based audio device may be configured to detect a user-uttered wake expression. For example, the audio device may generate a parameter indicating whether output audio is currently being produced by an audio speaker, whether the output audio contains speech, whether the output audio contains a predefined expression, loudness of the output audio, loudness of input audio, and/or an echo characteristic. Based on the parameter, the audio device may determine whether an occurrence of the predefined expression in the input audio is a result of an utterance of the predefined expression by a user.

Abstract: A distributed voice controlled system has a primary assistant and at least one secondary assistant. The primary assistant has a housing to hold one or more microphones, one or more speakers, and various computing components. The secondary assistant is similar in structure, but is void of speakers. The voice controlled assistants perform transactions and other functions primarily based on verbal interactions with a user. The assistants within the system are coordinated and synchronized to perform acoustic echo cancellation, selection of a best audio input from among the assistants, and distributed processing.

Abstract: A wearable computer is configured to use beamforming techniques to isolate a user's speech from extraneous audio signals occurring within a physical environment. A microphone array of the wearable computer may generate audio signal data from an utterance from a user's mouth. A motion sensor(s) of the wearable computer may generate motion data from movement of the wearable computer. This motion data may be used to determine a direction vector pointing from the wearable computer to the user's mouth, and a beampattern may be defined that has a beampattern direction in substantial alignment with the determined direction vector to focus the microphone array on the user's mouth for speech isolation.

Abstract: A system that performs wall detection, range estimation, and/or corner detection to determine a position of a device relative to acoustically reflective surfaces. The device generates output audio using loudspeaker(s), generates microphone audio data using a microphone array, and generates impulse response data for each of the microphones. The device may generate the impulse response data using an acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) component or multi-channel AEC (MC-AEC). The device may detect a peak in the impulse response data and determine a distance to a reflective surface based on the peak. Based on a number of reflected surfaces detected by the device, the device may classify a position of the device within the room, such as whether the device is in a corner, along one wall, or in an open area. By knowing the position relative to the room surfaces, the device may improve sound equalization and other processing.

Abstract: A system configured to improve noise cancellation by using portions of multiple reference signals instead of using a complete reference signal. The system divides a frequency spectrum into frequency bands and selects a single reference signal from a group of potential reference signals for every frequency band. For example, a first reference signal is selected for a first frequency band while a second reference signal is selected for a second frequency band. The system may generate a combined reference signal using portions of each of the selected reference signals, such as a portion of the first reference signal corresponding to the first frequency band and a portion of the second reference signal corresponding to the second frequency band. Additionally or alternatively, the system may perform noise cancellation using each of the selected reference signals and filter the outputs based on the corresponding frequency band to generate combined audio output data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network observes traffic between a client and a server for an encrypted session. The device makes a determination that a server certificate should be obtained from the server. The device, based on the determination, sends a handshake probe to the server. The device extracts server certificate information from a handshake response from the server that the server sent in response to the handshake probe. The device uses the extracted server certificate information to analyze the traffic between the client and the server.

Abstract: A speech-based audio device may be configured to detect a user-uttered wake expression. For example, the audio device may generate a parameter indicating whether output audio is currently being produced by an audio speaker, whether the output audio contains speech, whether the output audio contains a predefined expression, loudness of the output audio, loudness of input audio, and/or an echo characteristic. Based on the parameter, the audio device may determine whether an occurrence of the predefined expression in the input audio is a result of an utterance of the predefined expression by a user.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network observes traffic between a client and a server for an encrypted session. The device makes a determination that a server certificate should be obtained from the server. The device, based on the determination, sends a handshake probe to the server. The device extracts server certificate information from a handshake response from the server that the server sent in response to the handshake probe. The device uses the extracted server certificate information to analyze the traffic between the client and the server.

Abstract: A system configured to improve double-talk detection. The system detects when double-talk is present in a voice conversation using two or more speaker models. The system extracts feature data from microphone audio data and compares the feature data to each speaker model. For example, the system may generate a first distance score indicating a likelihood that the feature data corresponds to a far-end speaker model and a second distance score indicating a likelihood that the feature data corresponds to a universal speaker model. The system may determine current system conditions based on the distance scores and may change settings to improve speech quality during the voice conversation. For example, during far-end single-talk the system may aggressively reduce an echo signal, whereas during near-end single-talk and double-talk the system may apply minimal echo cancellation to improve a quality of the local speech.