Abstract: A soil treatment apparatus (100) comprises a ring (114) having a first ring part (128) and a second ring part (128). An elastomeric clamping arrangement (116) comprising rubber annular parts (116) and end flanges (112) clamp the first and second ring parts (128) together to form the ring (114) and provide an axial compressive force on the parts. In another aspect, the ring is carried on the elastomeric clamping arrangement (116) to absorb shock loading on the ring.

Abstract: A container for receiving a food product and folded from a blank, the container comprising a main body defining an opening for receiving the food product and a circumjacent flange (11), and the surface of the blank forming the inner surface of the container having a plastics coating such that a plastics film can be heat sealed to the flange to create a substantially airtight container for the food product.

Abstract: A soil cultivating apparatus 10 comprises a chassis 14 having an elongate spine 16 carrying support outriggers 18, 20. The support outriggers 18 carry a first disc gang 30. The support outriggers 20 are arranged rearwardly of the support outriggers 18 and carry a second disc gang 40. A soil consolidating roller 38 or a soil consolidating press cultivator 42 is arranged between the first and second disc gangs. In one aspect ground-engaging tines 34 are arranged between the first disc gang and the soil consolidating roller or press cultivator.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oral care composition with antiplaque agents. The antiplaque agents are complexes of divalent copper, zinc, iron or tin, or trivalent iron with a specific class of cyclic &agr;-hydroxyketones. A typical example is the copper (II)-ethylmaltol complex. These complexes are more active antiplaque agents that e.g. copper-hinokitiol complexes.

Abstract: For the purpose of generating oscillations having a plurality of different frequencies, a read-only memory stores a plurality of binary words which are read cyclically. The individual pulse signals supplied by the read-only memory, each such signal representing a succession of corresponding bits read from the read-only memory, are used to control latches and the required oscillations are obtained by filtering pulse signals supplied by the latches. To guard against equipment failure, the read-only memory and latches are duplicated, the pulse signals supplied by the two sets of latches being combined by means of gates before filtering.

Abstract: The invention relates to gas monitoring. Hitherto gas, such as flue gas has been analysed either by sampling and analysing the sample or by a spectrometer. However sampling is unreliable, and spectrography involves sensitive and expensive equipment needing extensive protection against vibration. In the invention, gas is monitored in situ by providing an infra red source and an infra red detector spaced across a gas flow, with a filter cell filled with the gas component to be monitored disposed between them. The detector detects radiation direct from the source and passing through the filter cell, and the outputs from the detector are fed to a differencing and dividing circuit to provide an output that is a function of the amount of monitored gas component in the gas flow.