Abstract: The invention relates to a method for exploiting (EXP) a subsurface deposit comprising at least one outcrop, the exploitation (EXP) of the deposit is based on a geological model (MOD) formed from a photogrammetry. The method reconstructs the geological outcrops in three dimensions (R3D) from photographs (PHO), and interprets the geological elements thereof, such as the sedimentary surfaces, the geological facies, the fault lines and the fractures, the inclination of the beds, etc. to construct a geological model of the deposit (MOD).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for exploiting (EXP) a subsurface deposit comprising at least one outcrop, the exploitation (EXP) of the deposit is based on a geological model (MOD) formed from a photogrammetry. The method reconstructs the geological outcrops in three dimensions (R3D) from photographs (PHO), and interprets the geological elements thereof, such as the sedimentary surfaces, the geological facies, the fault lines and the fractures, the inclination of the beds, etc. to construct a geological model of the deposit (MOD).

Abstract: The invention allows construction of the architecture of sedimentary layers deposited on a topographic surface as a result of the passage of sedimentary currents, using cellular automata. The topographic surface is discretized into a set of cellular automata. Then, for each current and each automaton, a stationary physical state resulting from an iterative process wherein intermediate physical states are constructed by material and energy exchanges between the automata is determined. These automata are thus constructed so as to be representative of the action of the sedimentary currents on the construction of the sedimentary architecture. A set of geologic variables allowing the architecture of the sedimentary layers to be reconstructed is thus deduced from these stationary physical states. Preferred fields of application of the method are oil exploration and production and reservoir characterization.

Abstract: The invention allows construction of the architecture of sedimentary layers deposited on a topographic surface as a result of the passage of sedimentary currents, using cellular automata. The topographic surface is discretized into a set of cellular automata. Then, for each current and each automaton, a stationary physical state resulting from an iterative process wherein intermediate physical states are constructed by material and energy exchanges between the automata is determined. These automata are thus constructed so as to be representative of the action of the sedimentary currents on the construction of the sedimentary architecture. A set of geologic variables allowing the architecture of the sedimentary layers to be reconstructed is thus deduced from these stationary physical states. Preferred fields of application of the method are oil exploration and production and reservoir characterization.

Abstract: The invention relates to the creation of a numerical deterministic model of the diffusive type allowing 2D or 3D simulation of the filling of sedimentary basins by siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. A read only memory known data relative to the architecture of a basin and measuring data, well logs, seismic surveys, etc, a set of input data relative to the accomodation created by subsidence and eustasy, the deposit and the production of fluvial or marine sediments, and physical transport parameters such as diffusion coefficients of the various lithologies are created. This set of data is applied to a numerical model. The results that can be deduced therefrom concerning the geometry and the lithologies of the sedimentary units are compared with the measuring data, and the input data are processed stepwise by inversion. The model thus created allows the reconstruction of, for example, the volumetric partitioning, the distortion of the genetic units or the sedimentary geometries observed.

Abstract: This device comprises an arm (15) for supporting the load, such as a roller member of a vehicle, articulated about a bearing axle (2), together with a resilient leaf (1) forming a spiral about the axle (2) and a cushioning strip (12) of an elastomeric material interposed between two consecutive turns (1c, 1d, 1e) of the leaf (1); the inner end of the leaf (1) is rigidly fixed to the bearing axle (2) and its outer end (1b) is fixed to the arm (15), these resilient members (1, 12) preferably being accommodated within the arm (15) in a leaktight housing 15a). Cooling element (14, 26) including a liquid which fills the housing (15a) to ensure the cooling of the suspension. The latter is entirely independent and of minimum bulk, and can be used in any terrain by virtue of the cooling element.

Abstract: The damper comprises a fixed body (1A, 1B) provided with ports (3, 4) for the passage of hydraulic fluid, stacks (7) of flexible washers disposed in rigid deflectors (8) placed on each side of the body (1A, 1B) in facing relation to the ports (3, 4) and recesses and tubular inserts (5, 6) for allowing the passage of the fluid in only one direction for some ports (3) and in the opposite direction for the other ports (4). A disc (9) provided with at least two series of orifices (11, 12) having different diameters is disposed in the body. The orifices are arranged to be capable of coming into confronting relation with the ports (3, 4) of the body. The disc (9) is rotated through a given angle so as to place one of the series of orifices of the disc (9) in correspondence with the ports (3, 4) of the body. This arrangement permits adjusting the degree of damping so as to obtain the desired hardness or softness for the suspension in accordance with the utilization of the vehicle.

Abstract: This unit is provided with two hydropneumatic jacks (2) having parallel vertical axes X--X and comprising bodies (5) adapted to be rigidly connected by a plate (3) and mounted slidably on rods (6) fixed to the chassis (7) of the vehicle. The plate (3) is sufficiently wide to allow if desired the passage of a transmission for the corresponding wheel. This arrangement improves the guiding of the wheels by holding them in fixed planes and enables them if desired to be made into driving and/or steered wheels.

Abstract: This valve comprises a tubular body (66) containing a hollow slide (68) mounted axially slidably in a sleeve (69), itself sliding in the body (66) along the axis (X--X) of the valve, a spring bearing on the body and pushing the slide (68) up against an annular end (73) of the sleeve (69), normally held by means of its opposite end (79) up against a cover (82) for closing the body (66) on the opposite side to its central orifice (67); the cover (82) and the sleeve (69) have radial ports (88, 81), the body (66) being contained in a tubular casing (34) having conduits (92, 96), fluid passages (89, 93, 94, 95, 40) also being provided to allow the valve to open in both directions as a result of the hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: The valve comprises a hollow body (36, 37, 40) provided with a first inlet or outlet opening (38) and a second outlet or inlet opening (41) for a hydraulic fluid, and the following elements:(a) a hollow slide (58) slidably mounted inside a hollow sleeve (56) slidably mounted in the body and coaxial with the slide (58);(b) an elastic element (61) bearing against the body (40) and biasing the slide into abutment against an annular end of the sleeve and the sleeve (56) into abutment against an annular seat (58) of the body;(c) and the annular bearing section (59) of the slide (58) on the sleeve (56) is less than the annular bearing section (57) of the sleeve on its seat (58), the sleeve being moreover provided with apertures (66) communicating with the first opening (38).This valve avoids deterioration of the suspension of a heavy vehicle travelling at high speed over uneven ground.

Abstract: The element comprises a tubular body connected to the hub of a wheel and pivotally connected to the base of the chassis (5) by an arm. This body is slidably mounted on a rod (4) pivotally connected to the chassis (5) of the vehicle, the tubular body containing a gas chamber (11) and a hydraulic liquid chamber (13) divided into two compartments by a central ring (25) fixed to the rod (4). According to the invention, there is provided a device (15) for drawing the hydraulic liquid and disposed outside the tubular body (2) which is slidably mounted on the rod (4) by two fluidtight bearings (42, 55) forming the ends of the hydraulic chamber (13) and spaced apart by a constant distance. The drawing device (15) permits the dissipation to the exterior of the hydraulic chamber (13) of the heat stored by the oil during the reciprocating motions of the suspension element and thus avoids the disadjustment of the ground clearance of the vehicle.

Abstract: The suspension element comprises an arm (1) through which extends a wheel stub-axle (2) of the vehicle which is rotatively mounted on a fixed part (3) integral with the chassis of the vehicle with interposition of bearing means between the fixed part (3) and the arm (1), a hydraulic chamber (5) being provided in the arm (1) and containing a slidable piston (7) on which is pivotally mounted a link (8) whose end opposed to the piston (7) is pivotally mounted on the fixed part (3). The bearing means comprise a bearing bush (23) surrounding the fixed part (3) and internally coated with a material for a high resistance dry sliding, the bush (23) being apertured for allowing the arm (1) to oscillate on each side of a lug (13) of the fixed part (3) which radially projects from the bush (23) and is pivotally mounted on the link (8).

Abstract: The corrector comprises a hydraulic distributor having a slide member (23) rotatively mounted in a body (39), the slide member (23) extending through a sleeve (41), a hydraulic circuit maintaining the ground clearance of the chassis of the vehicle being formed in the sleeve (41) and in the body (39), the hydraulic circuit maintaining the ground clearance at a pre-set value by the angular position of the sleeve (41) in the body (39), the slide member (23) being provided with means (34) for controlling the rotation of the slide member and associated with the chassis.