Abstract: A tire or other rubber item is described that has a surface such as a sidewall. A region on the surface includes a plurality of protrusions. The protrusions are positioned in a pseudo-random pattern within the region. Various features of the protrusions may be varied in a random or pseudo-random manner.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread; a bead region, a sidewall; a bead core; a first apex; an apex-extension; a carcass; a chafer and a second apex. The second apex is positioned between a rim flange protector and the first apex or the extension. The carcass includes a first ply turned-up around the bead core to form a first turnup portion extending along the first apex and the extension and terminating radially inwardly from the radially outward end of the extension. The carcass may include a second ply turned-up, between the bead core and the first ply, around the bead core to form a second turnup portion, the second turnup portion extending along the axially outer side of the first apex. Alternatively, the carcass may include a second ply parting from the first ply at the extension and extending along the extension and the turnup portion of the first ply.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing collision avoidance in a time slotted, channel hopping (TSCH) communications network. A media access control (MAC) layer controls message addressing and channel access, wherein the MAC layer performs at least one of the following: (1) allocating specific timeslots for messages being communicated downstream from a border router to a destination node; (2) selecting a transmission channel for messages on a pseudo-random basis using a TSCH absolute slot number and a destination node identification; or (3) allocating specific timeslots to broadcast messages.

Abstract: This invention relates to pneumatic radial tires which exhibit improved rolling resistance (provide better fuel economy) and improved performance characteristics. More particularly, this invention relates to the structure of radial ply tires for heavy load vehicles such as trucks, buses, and the like. It is based upon that finding that a defined profile of the outer surface of the sidewall portion can lead to a tire with reduced rolling resistance and a reduced generation of heat. The reduction in rolling resistance is obtained by a specific shaping of the bead portion of the tire which allows a bead mass reduction with an acceptable trade-off with regard to bead durability.

Abstract: A tire may include a bead portion, a carcass, an apex, a belt package, and three gum layers. The carcass may be anchored around the bead core of the bead portion and may comprise a carcass plies portion and a turnup portion. The apex may be located between the carcass plies portion and the turnup portion. The belt package may be arranged between the carcass and a tread. The gum layers may include (a) a sidewall gum layer that extends from a first end located at the apex along the carcass plies to a second end; (b) a wraparound gum layer that wraps around an end of a first inner zigzag belt structure of the belt package; and (c) a belt gum layer that extends from a first end located between the belt package and the carcass plies along the carcass plies to a second end.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a tire comprising a tread and a belt portion located radially below the tread, wherein the belt portion comprises a pair of working belts and a low angle belt. The low angle belt has reinforcement elements having an angle of less than 5° with a circumferential direction of the tire. In a first aspect, the low angle belt comprises a first layer and one or more further layers, wherein the first layer extends over at least 70% of the axial width of the axially largest working belt, and wherein each layer of the one or more further layers extends over at most 50% of the width of the axially largest working belt and is arranged radially below one of the shoulder grooves.

Abstract: A tire may include: a tread cap; a carcass that comprises a radially outermost ply; a belt structure interposed between the carcass and the tread, the belt structure comprising a radially innermost belt; a pair of sidewall portions, wherein radially outermost portions of each sidewall overlie lateral end portions of the tread cap; a pair of bead regions, wherein the radially innermost belt wraps around the bead regions; a pair wraparound gum layers, wherein each wraparound gum layer wraps around a lateral end portion of the radially innermost belt; and a pair of sidewall gum layers that each extend along an outer surface of the radially outermost ply, wherein a first end of each sidewall gum layer is between the radially outermost ply and the lateral end portion of the radially innermost belt and a second end of each sidewall gum layer is at the bead region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a three-dimensional cellular microcompartment or a three-dimensional cellular microcompartment assembly comprising at least one external hydrogel layer and inside said external layer at least one layer of cells and/or at least one cellular base layer, of which less than 20% of the total population of cells present in the microcompartment or in the microcompartment assembly are cells having at least one mutation. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a microcompartment or microcompartment assembly.

Abstract: A nickel-based superalloy includes, in atomic percentages, 13% to 21% chromium, 15% to 26% cobalt, 4% to 8% aluminum, 4.5% to 8% titanium, 8% to 18% iron, boron in an atomic percentage less than or equal to 0.5% or no boron, carbon in an atomic percentage less than or equal to 1% or no carbon, at least one additional element selected from molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and niobium, a total atomic content of the at least one additional element being less than or equal to 1.5% or no such at least one additional element, the remainder being nickel and unavoidable impurities, with a sum of the atomic percentages of aluminum and titanium being comprised between 8.5% and 15%. The novel superalloy composition has a limited density and exhibiting, when hot, good mechanical properties as well as good resistance to oxidation and corrosion.

Abstract: A tread for a tire includes a first circumferential main groove, a second circumferential main groove, a third circumferential main groove, and a fourth circumferential main groove. The fourth main groove has a stabilizing structure for increasing tread stiffness. The stabilizing structure has a circumferentially extending subgroove in a radially innermost bottom of the fourth circumferential main groove. The subgroove is axially offset a predetermined amount from a centerline of the fourth circumferential main groove.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising a tread and a belt structure located radially inward of the tread, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the working belts are reinforced plies each comprising parallel reinforcement elements, wherein the angle of the reinforcement elements in the respective working belt ranges from 12 degrees to 35 degrees from the circumferential direction, wherein the belt structure further includes a low angle belt positioned between the working belts comprising parallel reinforcement elements angled at less than 5 degrees from the circumferential direction, and wherein a first and second narrow belt is positioned on the lateral ends of the low angle belt, and wherein the first and second narrow belt are each positioned radially inward of an axially outermost groove on each side of the tread.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising a tread and a belt structure located radially inward of the tread, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the working belts are reinforced plies each comprising parallel reinforcement elements, wherein the angle of the reinforcement elements in the respective working belt ranges from 12 degrees to 35 degrees from the circumferential direction, wherein the belt structure further includes a low angle belt positioned between the working belts comprising parallel reinforcement elements angled at less than 5 degrees from the circumferential direction, and wherein a first and second narrow belt is positioned on the lateral ends of the low angle belt, and wherein the first and second narrow belt are each positioned radially inward of an axially outermost groove on each side of the tread.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising a tread and a belt structure located radially inward of the tread, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the working belts are reinforced plies each comprising parallel reinforcement elements, wherein the angle of the reinforcement elements in the respective working belt ranges from 12 degrees to 35 degrees from the circumferential direction, wherein the belt structure further includes a low angle belt positioned between the working belts comprising parallel reinforcement elements angled at less than 5 degrees from the circumferential direction, and wherein the low angle belt has folded belt edges forming a first and second narrow belt at the lateral ends of the low angle belt, and wherein the first and second narrow belt are each positioned radially inward of an axially outermost groove on each side of the tread.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 10 degrees to about 50 degrees, and wherein the first working belt has an angle of the reinforcements different that the angle of the belt reinforcements of the second working belt. The belt package further includes a low angle belt that is preferably positioned between of the working belts. The pneumatic tire further includes a tread having a groove reinforced with a tread compound having a tensile at break greater than 18 MPa, and an elongation at break greater than 450%.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 10 degrees to about 50 degrees, and wherein the first working belt has an angle of the reinforcements different that the angle of the belt reinforcements of the second working belt. The belt package further includes a low angle belt that is preferably positioned between of the working belts, wherein the angle of the low angle belt is less than 5 degrees. The working belts and the low angle belt are extensible, and preferably made of high elongation wire. The pneumatic tire further includes a wherein the tread is formed of a treadcap compound having a tensile at break greater than 18 MPa, and an elongation at break greater than 450%.

Abstract: This invention relates to pneumatic radial tires which exhibit improved rolling resistance (provide better fuel economy) and improved performance characteristics. More particularly, this invention relates to the structure of radial ply tires for heavy load vehicles such as trucks, buses, and the like. It is based upon that finding that a defined profile of the outer surface of the sidewall portion can lead to a tire with reduced rolling resistance and a reduced generation of heat. The reduction in rolling resistance is obtained by a specific shaping of the bead portion of the tire which allows a bead mass reduction with an acceptable trade-off with regard to bead durability.

Abstract: A nickel-based superalloy includes, in atomic percentages, 13% to 21% chromium, 15% to 26% cobalt, 4% to 8% aluminum, 4.5% to 8% titanium, 8% to 18% iron, boron in an atomic percentage less than or equal to 0.5% or no boron, carbon in an atomic percentage less than or equal to 1% or no carbon, at least one additional element selected from molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and niobium, a total atomic content of the at least one additional element being less than or equal to 1.5% or no such at least one additional element, the remainder being nickel and unavoidable impurities, with a sum of the atomic percentages of aluminum and titanium being comprised between 8.5% and 15%. The novel superalloy composition has a limited density and exhibiting, when hot, good mechanical properties as well as good resistance to oxidation and corrosion.

Abstract: A tread for a tire includes a first circumferential main groove; a second circumferential main groove; a third circumferential main groove; and a fourth circumferential main groove. The fourth circumferential main groove has a stabilizing structure for increasing tread stiffness. The stabilizing structure is axially offset a predetermined amount from a centerline of the fourth circumferential main groove. The fourth circumferential main groove has an angled axially inner sidewall, an angled axially outer sidewall, and a curved base surface. The stabilizing structure extends radially inward from the curved base surface of the fourth circumferential main groove.

Abstract: A tread for a tire includes a first circumferential main groove, a second circumferential main groove, a third circumferential main groove, and a fourth circumferential main groove. The fourth main groove has a stabilizing structure for increasing tread stiffness. The stabilizing structure has a circumferentially extending subgroove in a radially innermost bottom of the fourth circumferential main groove. The subgroove is axially offset a predetermined amount from a centerline of the fourth circumferential main groove.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 10 degrees to about 50 degrees, and wherein the first working belt has an angle of the reinforcements different that the angle of the belt reinforcements of the second working belt. The belt package further includes a low angle belt that is preferably positioned between of the working belts, wherein the angle of the low angle belt is less than 5 degrees. The working belts and the low angle belt are extensible, and preferably made of high elongation wire. The pneumatic tire further includes a top protector belt made of high impact resistant steel reinforcements.