Abstract: An optical device intended for the analysis of a scattering medium, including at least one light source distant from the scattering medium and capable of providing an incident light beam intended to illuminate the scattering medium; at least one sensor capable of detecting a radiation emitted by the scattering medium; a support of the scattering medium at least partially non-absorbing for the incident light beam and the scattered radiation. All or part of the support is formed of a scattering material having a decreased scattering coefficient greater than 0.1 cm?1 and smaller than 700 cm?1.

Abstract: A method of preparing DNA fragments, which entails at least the following steps of: a) preparing double-stranded DNA fragments from a sample of nucleic acids to be analyzed, b) ligating the ends of said DNA fragments to a double-stranded oligonucleotide adaptor (adaptor AA?) comprising the recognition site for a restriction enzyme, the cleavage site of which is located downstream of said recognition site, c) amplifying the fragments linked to said adaptor, using a pair of suitable primers, at least one being optionally labeled at its 5? end, and d) cleaving said DNA fragments close to one of their ends, using said restriction enzyme, so as to generate short fragments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of localising a fluorophore (22) in a scattering medium (20), by means of a radiation source (8, 10) suited to emitting an excitation radiation of this fluorophore and detection means (4, 12) suited to measuring a fluorescence signal (?fluo) emitted by this fluorophore (22) comprising: a) for at least 3 different pairs of positions of the radiation source and detection means, an excitation by a radiation coming from the radiation source (8), and a detection by means (4) of detecting the fluorescence signal emitted by this fluorophore after this excitation, b) for each of these pairs, the identification of a surface on which the fluorophore is situated, or a volume comprising this surface and in which the fluorophore is situated, c) an estimation of the localisation of the fluorophore in its surrounding medium, by calculation of the intersection of the three surfaces, or if necessary a volume around this intersection.

Abstract: A system of analysis with the naked eye and by fluorescence of a field in an illuminated area comprising a periodically-excited first low-remanence white light illumination source; a second light source for exciting fluorescent elements located in said field, active at least during part of the time periods when the first source is off; and a fluorescence analysis device active during time periods when the first source is off and the second source is on.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing DNA fragments by selective fragmentation of nucleic acid fragments. The inventive method comprises a first selection step involving selection of short fragments, consisting in: a) preparing first double-stranded DNA fragments F1 using at least one restriction enzyme E1 which can randomly fragment the nucleic acid sample to be analysed, by generating said DNA fragments F1 with blunt or cohesive ends; b) ligating the ends of the DNA fragments F1 obtained in step (a) to at least one adapter AA?; c) cleaving the DNA fragments F1 obtained in step (b) using a restriction enzyme E2, such as to select a fraction of short fragments F2; and d) using any suitable means to purify the aforementioned fraction of short fragments F2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing DNA fragments and to the applications thereof, in particular for the hybridisation of nucleic acids. The inventive method is essentially characterised in that it consists of at least the following steps comprising: (a) preparation of double-stranded DNA fragments from a sample of nucleic acids to be analysed; (b) ligation of the ends of the aforementioned DNA fragments to a double-stranded oligonucleotide adapter (adapter AA?) comprising the site for the recognition of a restriction enzyme of which the cleavage site is situated downstream of said recognition site; (c) amplification of the fragments linked to the above-mentioned adapter, using a pair of suitable primers, one of which is optionally marked at the 5? end thereof; and (d) cleavage of said DNA fragments close to one of the ends of same, using the restriction enzyme, such as to generate short fragments.

Abstract: An optical microscope is adapted for observation of several spots of an object by a modifiable optical transmission screen placed on the path of the optical beam and able to generate in the object plane a screen image coinciding substantially with the spots of the object. The modifiable optical transmission screen can comprise a matrix of mirrors, each of the mirrors presenting a first position enabling the light beam to be reflected to the object along the optical path and a second position enabling the light beam to be diverted from the optical path. Alternatively, the modifiable optical transmission screen can comprise a matrix of liquid crystal elements, each of the liquid crystal elements presenting a first transparent state, a second opaque state and, possibly, a third polarising state. The light source can be a light-emitting diode array.

Abstract: An optical microscope is adapted for observation of several spots of an object by a modifiable optical transmission screen placed on the path of the optical beam and able to generate in the object plane a screen image coinciding substantially with the spots of the object. The modifiable optical transmission screen can comprise a matrix of mirrors, each of the mirrors presenting a first position enabling the light beam to be reflected to the object along the optical path and a second position enabling the light beam to be diverted from the optical path. Alternatively, the modifiable optical transmission screen can comprise a matrix of liquid crystal elements, each of the liquid crystal elements presenting a first transparent state, a second opaque state and, possibly, a third polarising state. The light source can be a light-emitting diode array.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiography process for use with an object moving between a source and a detector involving a determination of a plane called the object projection plane and the production of radiographic images of the object while it is moving using the source, the detector and the combination of the various contributions of projections of the projection plane in the series of radiographic images.

Abstract: Process and installation making it possible to reconstitute precise images of an area of interest (2) of an object (1) by reducing the errors produced by the contribution of the compliment of the object. A first series of measurements is carried out, where a conical beam (10) only takes in the area of interest of the object (2) and this is followed by a second series of measurements in which the beam takes in the entire object. A combination of the measurements of the two series is carried out in order to make them compatible and obtain a more accurate image of the area of interest (2).

Abstract: Process for the reconstruction of three-dimensional images of an object. Several measurements are performed by displacing a bidimensional array of sensors, sensitive to a radiation passing through the object or coming from the object in at least two circular paths. The digital method for making it possible to synthesize the informations measured and in particular convert the informations obtained into reference frames linked with the paths in a random reference frame is given. Application to medical imaging or to non-destructive inspection.

Abstract: Process for the reconstruction of three-dimensional images of an object (3), in which the reconstruction is obtained by calculating sums of projections on planes extracted from a conical attenuation radiation traversing the object, or an emission from the object in accordance with a conical collimation. The bidimensional detector array (4) used for this purpose has a random inclination (.xi.) with respect to the rotation axis defining the mark in which the image is reconstructed as a result of a voluntary choice. Formulas are given making it possible to obtain a limited distortion reconstruction after measuring the displacement parameters of the array and the conical radiation beam. The position errors resulting from construction defects are also taken into account in the calculations after measurement. A parameter measurement protocol and the associated calculation process are also described.