Abstract: Methods of refining the grain size of titanium and titanium alloys include thermally managed high strain rate multi-axis forging. A high strain rate adiabatically heats an internal region of the workpiece during forging, and a thermal management system is used to heat an external surface region to the workpiece forging temperature, while the internal region is allowed to cool to the workpiece forging temperature. A further method includes multiple upset and draw forging titanium or a titanium alloy using a strain rate less than is used in conventional open die forging of titanium and titanium alloys. Incremental workpiece rotation and draw forging causes severe plastic deformation and grain refinement in the titanium or titanium alloy forging.

Abstract: Forge lubrication processes are disclosed. A solid lubricant sheet is placed between a workpiece and a die in a forging apparatus. Force is applied to the workpiece with the die to plastically deform the workpiece. The solid lubricant sheet decreases the shear friction factor for the forging system and reduces the incidence of die-locking.

Abstract: Forge lubrication processes are disclosed. A solid lubricant sheet is placed between a workpiece and a die in a forging apparatus. Force is applied to the workpiece with the die to plastically deform the workpiece. The solid lubricant sheet decreases the shear factor for the forging system and reduces the incidence of die-locking.

Abstract: The invention relates to processing signal for improving a sound pick-up in telephone and/or videophone units. The inventive method consists in comparing (13) a signal transmitted by a unit microphone (Mic) with a threshold low value (THR_LOW) and in amplifying (14,15) said microphone-transmitted signal when it is less than the threshold low value. However, said steps depend on the test (10) carried out on a signal used for feeding the loud speaker (HP), in particular consisting in controlling said last signal (crete_HP) of a background noise order (BDFd) in such a way that the background noise is not amplified by an acoustical coupling between the microphone (Mic) and the loud speaker (HP).

Abstract: A method of comparison between pieces of information characterizing reference values and pieces of information characterizing current values of sound-reproducing systems of a system of (n) microphones mi and (p) speakers hpj for the control of said sound-reproducing systems characterized in that: A: for each speaker hpj, at least one sound signal S is sent on the speaker hpj, for each microphone mi, a piece of information hpjmi is retrieved, this piece of information characterizing the sound-reproducing system comprising the speaker hpj and the microphone mi, B: a reference matrix Qr is saved, this reference matrix being constituted by all the pieces of reference information hpjmi obtained following the sending of the sound signal S, C: as soon as a comparison is to be made, the step A is run with a sound signal S? to obtain current information on a matrix Q, D: the matrices Q and Qr are compared.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and device for regulating a series resonant inverter with controlled rectification. It also relates to a resonant inverter equipped with such a device. The synchronous series resonant inverter includes a primary winding having across its terminals a periodic voltage V(t) of period T, this primary winding being coupled to at least one secondary winding providing the output voltage Vs. The establishment of the current IT(t) in the secondary winding is controlled within the period T. The output voltage Vs is regulated as a function of the phase shift angle ? between the zero crossing of the voltage V(t) across the terminals of the primary winding and the instant of establishment of the current IT(t) in the secondary winding. Embodiments include the production of isolated switched power supplies having a high level of integration, operating at a switching frequency of several megahertz.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and device for processing echo between at least two communication devices in order to attenuate, in a picked-up signal of a communication device comprising at least one microphone, the components of the signal broadcasted by at least one other communication device comprising at least one loudspeaker, characterised in that the echo processing device comprises: means for receiving, by means of a connection with at least one other device, information representing at least one broadcasted signal of at least one other communication device, means for modifying the picked-up signal of the communication device according to information representing the broadcasted signal and information representing the coupling separating a loudspeaker of the said at least one other communication device from the microphone of the communication device.

Abstract: The invention relates to processing signal for improving a sound pick-up in telephone and/or videophone units. The inventive method consists in comparing (13) a signal transmitted by a unit microphone (Mic) with a threshold low value (THR_LOW) and in amplifying (14,15) said microphone-transmitted signal when it is less than the threshold low value. However, said steps depend on the test (10) carried out on a signal used for feeding the loud speaker (HP), in particular consisting in controlling said last signal (crete_HP) of a background noise order (BDFd) in such a way that the background noise is not amplified by an acoustical coupling between the microphone (Mic) and the loud speaker (HP).

Abstract: A conference bridge of a conference system having a plurality of conference stations, the bridge comprising: reception means for receiving dual-channel audio signals coming from the conference station; determination means for determining at least one processing function per conference station of the conference system; application means for applying respective weighing functions to the received dual-channel signals; build-up means for building up one hybrid dual-channel signal for forwarding per conference station by means for summing a portion of the process dual-channel audio signals; and forwarding means for forwarding the respective hybrid dual-channel audio signal to each of the various conference stations of the conference system. A method of forwarding a spatialized audio scene and implemented by a conference bridge is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a close control of electric power converters. It comprises: a diode D1 in parallel with a switch I1, a diode D2 in parallel with a switch I2, and a transformer (T1). The switches (I1, I2) are controlled, cyclically repeating the following stages: At a time T0 the switch I1 is switched on. At a time T1 the switch I1 is switched off. The switch I2 is switched on before the current passing through the diode D2 reaches zero. At a time T3 the switch I2 is switched off. At a time T4, when the diode D1 becomes conductive, the first stage is returned to on. In particular, the invention relates to electrically isolated electric power supplies working at high frequency with high efficiency and a high level of integration.

Abstract: An echo processing technique for attenuating echo components of a direct signal X1n in a return signal Y2n. A receive gain Grn and a send gain Gen are calculated. The receive gain Grn is applied to the direct signal and an input signal X2n is produced and emitted into an echo generator system. The send gain Gen is applied to an output signal Y1n from the echo generator system and the return signal Y2n is produced. A coupling variable COR is calculated which is characteristic of the acoustic coupling between the direct signal X1n or the input signal X2n and the output signal Y1n. The receive gain Grn and the send gain Gen are calculated on the basis of the coupling variable.

Abstract: An audio-visual system is provided for bringing together a local scene and a remote scene. The audio-visual system includes several concatenated audio-visual modules, and feedback control and control means between the various modules. Each audio-visual module comprises an image sensing device and a sound pickup device of the local scene, and an image and sound recovery device of the remote scene in an image plane. The audio-visual modules are connected to a transmission network. The feedback control and control means ensures image and sound quality continuity on the image plane when the people being filmed or recorded pass in front of the various image and sound pickup devices of the scene concerned.

Abstract: A method of comparison between pieces of information characterizing reference values and pieces of information characterizing current values of sound-reproducing systems of a system of (n) microphones mi and (p) speakers hpj for the control of said sound-reproducing systems characterized in that: A: for each speaker hpj, at least one sound signal S is sent on the speaker hpj, for each microphone mi, a piece of information hpjmi is retrieved, this piece of information characterizing the sound-reproducing system comprising the speaker hpj and the microphone mi, B: a reference matrix Qr is saved, this reference matrix being constituted by all the pieces of reference information hpjmi obtained following the sending of the sound signal S, C: as soon as a comparison is to be made, the step A is run with a sound signal S? to obtain current information on a matrix Q, D: the matrices Q and Qr are compared.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and device for processing echo between at least two communication devices in order to attenuate, in a picked-up signal of a communication device comprising at least one microphone, the components of the signal broadcasted by at least one other communication device comprising at least one loudspeaker, characterised in that the echo processing device comprises: means for receiving, by means of a connection with at least one other device, information representing at least one broadcasted signal of at least one other communication device, means for modifying the picked-up signal of the communication device according to information representing the broadcasted signal and information representing the coupling separating a loudspeaker of the said at least one other communication device from the microphone of the communication device.

Abstract: An echo processing technique for attenuating echo components of a direct signal X1n in a return signal Y2n. A receive gain Grn and a send gain Gen are calculated. The receive gain Grn is applied to the direct signal and an input signal X2n is produced and emitted into an echo generator system. The send gain Gen is applied to an output signal Y1n from the echo generator system and the return signal Y2n is produced. A coupling variable COR is calculated which is characteristic of the acoustic coupling between the direct signal X1n or the input signal X2n and the output signal Y1n. The receive gain Grn and the send gain Gen are calculated on the basis of the coupling variable.

Abstract: Interference is reduced in a reception system having a multi-pickup antenna and at least one path for deriving an antenna signal from signals received by the different pickups. The transfer function of a first filter, called a first postfilter, is estimated from a reference signal making it possible to regenerate the interference. The antenna signal is filtered by the first postfilter.

Abstract: A label for a skein of yarn includes a main portion of generally quadrilateral shape for encircling the skein. A projection is integrally formed with the main portion and extends outwardly from a side of the main portion and is bent to pass through the ends of a loop of yarn formed inwardly of one end of the skein thereby keeping the loop opened. An enlarged tab is integrally formed at an outward end of the projection and is turned downward against the main portion to secure the tab in position through the ends of the loop so that the label resists slipping along the length of the skein.

Abstract: A method of comparison between pieces of information characterizing reference values and pieces of information characterizing current values of sound-reproducing systems of a system of (n) microphones mi and (p) speakers hpj for the control of said sound-reproducing systems characterized in that:

Abstract: In order to reduce acoustic echo and restore stereophonic sound in a digital transmission system of sound signals on multiple transmission channels, between a local site and one or several remote sites, comprising several microphones and loudspeakers, the method consists in the following steps: computing a weighting factor to be applied to each microphone signal before emitting, based on two attenuation factors computed from the microphone and loudspeaker signals; transmitting on each transmission channel the linear combination of weighted microphone signals; computing a weighting factor to be applied to each loudspeaker signal; and emitting on the loudspeaker the linear combination of transmitted, weighted signals.

Abstract: Disclosed are isolated DNA constructs including (a) a first DNA sequence including either an inducible promoter sequence responsive to the presence or absence of an exogenous inducer or a developmental gene promoter capable of initiating gene expression in a selected tissue or at a selected stage of development of an organism; (b) a second DNA sequence including a DNA sequence coding for a protease enzyme operably linked and under the control of the promoter sequence specified at (a); whereby the presence or absence of the exogenous inducer or the activation of the developmental gene promoter specified at (a) results in expression of the protease enzyme. These constructs are preferably rendered reversible by the presence of further elements. These constructs can be used in plant or mammalian cells for disruption of cell function, controlling senescence and modifying the metabolism of stored proteins.