Abstract: A method or system for storing an instrument, such as in a sterile environment. For example, a surgical robotic system may include a surgical robotic arm and a sterilization unit enclosing the sterile environment and storing the instrument. A processor may be used to determine that the instrument is needed (e.g., during a surgical procedure or portion of a surgical procedure or for a future surgical procedure or portion of a future surgical procedure). The processor may provide access to the instrument.

Abstract: A method or system for using an augmented reality device may include displaying information in a surgical field. A method may include receiving an indication of a location of a landmark on a bone of a patient, retrieving a planned location of the landmark on the bone of the patient and receiving information corresponding to the location or the planned location. The location or the planned location may be displayed as a virtual indication using an augmented reality display of the augmented reality device, for example while permitting the surgical field to be viewed through the augmented reality display.

Abstract: A system for controlling a tourniquet pressure may have a processing unit and a non-transitory computer-readable memory communicatively coupled to the processing unit and comprising computer-readable program instructions executable by the processing unit. The system may obtain ultrasound readings indicative of a blood flow in a limb having a tourniquet applying pressure on the limb; determine characteristic(s) of the blood flow from the ultrasound readings; and adjust a tourniquet pressure as a function of the at least one characteristic of the blood flow. An integrated robotic surgery system is also provided.

Abstract: A system for tracking at least one bone in robotized computer-assisted surgery, comprises a processing unit and a non-transitory computer-readable memory communicatively coupled to the processing unit and comprising computer-readable program instructions executable by the processing unit for: obtaining backscatter images of the at least one bone from a tracking device in a coordinate system; generating a three-dimensional geometry of a surface of the at least one bone from the backscatter images, the three-dimensional geometry of the surface being in the coordinate system; determining a position and orientation of the at least one bone in the coordinate system by matching the three-dimensional geometry of the surface of the at least one bone to a three-dimensional model of the bone; controlling an automated robotized variation of at least one of a position and orientation of the tracking device as a function of a processing of the backscatter images; and continuously outputting the position and orientation of

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for surgical tracking and control are generally described herein. A system may include a robotic arm configured to allow interactive movement and controlled autonomous movement of an end effector, a cut guide mounted to the end effector of the robotic arm, the cut guide configured to guide a surgical instrument within a plane, a tracking system to determine a position and an orientation of the cut guide, and a control system to permit or prevent interactive movement or autonomous movement of the end effector.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for surgical tracking and control are generally described herein. A system may include a robotic arm configured to allow interactive movement and controlled autonomous movement of an end effector, a cut guide mounted to the end effector of the robotic arm, the cut guide configured to guide a surgical instrument within a plane, a tracking system to determine a position and an orientation of the cut guide, and a control system to permit or prevent interactive movement or autonomous movement of the end effector.

Abstract: Systems and methods may be used to perform robot-aided surgery. A system may include a robotic controller to monitor a position and orientation of an end effector coupled to an end of a robotic arm. The robotic controller may apply a force to a bone using the end effector, such as via a soft tissue balancing component. The robotic controller may determine soft tissue balance using information from a tracking system, such as a position of a first tracker affixed to the bone. The soft tissue balance may be output, such as to a display device.

Abstract: A system for tracking at least one bone in robotized computer-assisted surgery, comprises a processing unit and a non-transitory computer-readable memory communicatively coupled to the processing unit and comprising computer-readable program instructions executable by the processing unit for: obtaining backscatter images of the at least one bone from a tracking device in a coordinate system; generating a three-dimensional geometry of a surface of the at least one bone from the backscatter images, the three-dimensional geometry of the surface being in the coordinate system; determining a position and orientation of the at least one bone in the coordinate system by matching the three-dimensional geometry of the surface of the at least one bone to a three-dimensional model of the bone; controlling an automated robotized variation of at least one of a position and orientation of the tracking device as a function of a processing of the backscatter images; and continuously outputting the position and orientation of

Abstract: Methods and surgical system for performing a surgical procedure. The surgical system includes a robotic system with a robotic arm having a surgical instrument attached thereto. A computer system of the robotic system receives at least one image and forms a model of a surgical area. A computer operated tracking system of the robotic system obtains position data related to a patient's bone from tracking elements. Based on the model of the surgical area and the tracked bone position, the robotic arm then performs the surgical procedure with the surgical instrument, and the robotic system adjusts the procedure as a result of the tracked bone position.

Abstract: A surgical assistance system includes a processing unit; and a non-transitory computer-readable memory communicatively coupled to the processing unit and comprising computer-readable program instructions executable by the processing unit for: obtaining a video feed of a surgical procedure and monitoring the surgical procedure from the video feed; detecting, from an image processing of the video feed, a condition requiring a deviation from the surgical procedure, the deviation being defined as being outside of a standard surgical flow; and outputting a recommendation of deviation by intra-operatively providing the recommendation to an operator of the surgical procedure.

Abstract: Methods and surgical system for performing a surgical procedure. The surgical system includes a robotic system with a robotic arm having a surgical instrument attached thereto. A computer system of the robotic system receives at least one image and forms a model of a surgical area. A computer operated tracking system of the robotic system obtains position data related to a patient's bone from tracking elements. Based on the model of the surgical area and the tracked bone position, the robotic arm then performs the surgical procedure with the surgical instrument, and the robotic system adjusts the procedure as a result of the tracked bone position.

Abstract: A system and method provide a postoperative protocol based on a surgical procedure. A system may include using a processor to determine, for example upon completion of an orthopedic procedure on anatomy of a patient, a final state of the anatomy. The system may determine, using, for example, a machine learning trained model, a postoperative protocol for the patient based on the final state. The postoperative protocol may be displayed. The machine learning trained model may be trained using postoperative protocols, final states, and postoperative feedback for patients according to an example.

Abstract: Examples of robotically controlled planar cutting systems and methods for controlling cutting systems to prepare bone tissue in surgical procedures, are generally described herein. Applicable surgical procedures for the robotically controlled cutting systems and methods include procedures involving the preparation (e.g., removal, surfacing) of bone tissue, such as is performed in knee arthroplasties. In an example, a robotically controlled planar cutting system can include a housing, a cutting element disposed in the housing, and a cutting control mechanism in communication with a robotic controller to control operation of the cutting element to machine a planar surface. The cutting element can be exposed and retracted relative to the housing and can include a plurality of cutting implements arranged to machine the planar surface.

Abstract: The patient specific instrument (PSI) assembly for guiding a surgical tool on a tibia during a knee replacement surgery includes an extra-medullary portion at a distal end, an elongated rod connected at a distal end to the extra-medullary portion and extending in a direction along a mechanical axis of the tibia, and an upper mounting portion at a proximal end. The extra-medullary portion has a pair of spaced apart malleoli clamping elements with a size and/or relative position that is patient-specific for engaging respective ones of the lateral and medial malleoli. The upper mounting portion including a base body connected to a proximal end of the elongated rod and a surgical guide having guide openings extending therethrough and anchor element(s) on the upper mounting portion in locations adapted to overlay a peripheral contour of the tibia. The peripheral contour of the tibia including an anterior surface of the proximal tibia.

Abstract: A patient-specific cutting assembly comprises a model file including geometrical data of a bone of the patient, of an intramedullary canal of the bone, and a planned orientation of a cutting block. A fixing rod is adapted to be longitudinally inserted in and extending partially from the intramedullary canal. A patient-specific cutting block is connectable to the fixing rod. The patient-specific cutting block includes a structure having a patient specific geometry corresponding to the model file of the patient, the structure configured to be connected to a portion of the fixing rod projecting from the bone in a unique coupling orientation. A cutting guide is connected to the structure, the cutting guide being in the planned orientation when the structure is connected to the portion of the fixing rod projecting from the bone.

Abstract: A system for creating a patient-specific jig model for patellar resurfacing surgery comprises a patellar implant positioning module for obtaining a planned position of a patellar implant on a model of the patella, the model being anatomically patient-specific. A patella resurfacing calculator module calculates a position and/or orientation of a resurfacing plane and attachment bore in the patella as a function of the planned position of the patellar implant.

Abstract: Examples of robotically controlled planar cutting systems and methods for controlling cutting systems to prepare bone tissue in surgical procedures, are generally described herein. Applicable surgical procedures for the robotically controlled cutting systems and methods include procedures involving the preparation (e.g., removal, surfacing) of bone tissue, such as is performed in knee arthroplasties. In an example, a robotically controlled planar cutting system can include a housing, a cutting element disposed in the housing, and a cutting control mechanism in communication with a robotic controller to control operation of the cutting element to machine a planar surface. The cutting element can be exposed and retracted relative to the housing and can include a plurality of cutting implements arranged to machine the planar surface.

Abstract: A system for tracking a bone-altering tool in computer-assisted surgery, comprising a first trackable reference secured to a first bone, with a first frame of reference being associated with the first trackable reference. A bone-altering tool is securable to the first bone in a secured configuration. Sensors track the trackable reference for position and orientation. A position/orientation calculator is connected to the sensor device to calculate a position and orientation of the first frame of reference. An alteration parameter calculator is associated with the position/orientation calculator to determine a position and orientation of the bone-altering tool in the secured configuration as a function of the position and orientation of the first frame of reference and of the secured configuration. A method for tracking tools using the tracking of a bone is provided.

Abstract: A method of creating a patient specific instrument (PSI) for use in knee replacement surgery is described which includes using a digital bone model generated using at least two two-dimensional X-ray scans of a bone, each of the X-ray scans being taken from different angular positions. Locations for one or more anchor points on the PSI which are adapted to abut a surface of the bone are determined, the determined locations of the anchor points being disposed on the PSI at locations corresponding to areas of expected high accuracy on the digital bone model generated by the X-ray scans. The areas of expected high accuracy include at least a peripheral bone contour in at least one of the angular position of the X-ray scans. A method of positioning a surgical guide using such a PSI is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system for tracking a bone-altering tool in computer-assisted surgery, comprising a first trackable reference secured to a first bone, with a first frame of reference being associated with the first trackable reference. A bone-altering tool is securable to the first bone in a secured configuration. Sensors track the trackable reference for position and orientation. A position/orientation calculator is connected to the sensor device to calculate a position and orientation of the first frame of reference. An alteration parameter calculator is associated with the position/orientation calculator to determine a position and orientation of the bone-altering tool in the secured configuration as a function of the position and orientation of the first frame of reference and of the secured configuration. A method for tracking tools using the tracking of a bone is provided.