Abstract: A method for characterizing a particle present in a sample, the sample lying between an image sensor and a light source and the sensor lying in a detection plane, includes illuminating the sample with the light source which emits an incident light wave propagating along a propagation axis, and acquiring an image of the sample with the sensor. The sensor is exposed to an exposure light wave. The image includes a plurality of elementary diffraction patterns each corresponding to one particle. The method also includes reconstructing a complex image representative of a complex amplitude of the light wave on a reconstruction surface passing through the sample, based on the acquired image; selecting a region of interest of the complex image corresponding to a particle of interest; forming an extracted image based on the region of interest; and characterizing the particle of interest depending on the extracted region of interest.

Abstract: A viewfinder with which an observing or image-recording device, such as a spotting scope or image-recording apparatus, is intended to be equipped, the observing device being configured to produce an image of an observed scene. The viewfinder allows a first image, representative of the observed scene, and a second image, different from the first image, to be displayed, the first image and the second image being juxtaposed with respect to each other. The observing device includes a first optical system and a second optical system configured to propagate the first image and the second image towards the eye of a user, along two distinct axes of propagation, respectively. The optical systems are such that passage from observing one image to observing the other image is achieved through simple natural rotation of the eye.

Abstract: A device for modulating the phase of a light beam includes a matrix of elementary cells, called pixels, coupled to a circuit for addressing the pixels, the device further comprising a set of so-called lateral electrodes extending in a so-called vertical direction (Y) at right angles to the alignment direction (Xa) and configured to apply, for each pixel and via at least two lateral electrodes, a so-called acceleration voltage generating a lateral electrical field (Era) substantially parallel to the alignment direction, in a vector allowing an accelerated return of the liquid crystal molecules to their orientation of rest, the acceleration voltage being configured to be applied in a phase called acceleration relaxation phase, when the activation voltage is no longer applied.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diffuser 3 intended to be facing a light source 1 comprising a transmission layer 10 and a diffusion layer 22, 23 intended to diffuse a light transmitted by the light source, the diffuser being characterised in that the diffusion layer comprises a plurality of metal structures 200, 200a, 200b, called metal nanostructures, having dimensions less than a wavelength of the light transmitted, said metal nanostructures having varied sizes and being distributed within the diffusion layer such that adjacent metal nanostructures have between them, varied distances and preferably less than the wavelength of the light transmitted. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a diffuser, and a display system comprising such a diffuser.

Abstract: A fluid power system comprises a pump with multiple independently variable outlets, each of which is capable of delivering fluid in individually controllable volume units and a plurality of hydraulic loads. A system of switching valves is configured to create fluid connections between the pump outlets and the loads. A control system commands both the pump and the switching valves, so as to create valve state combinations to satisfy load conditions as demanded by an operator. The number of pump outlets connected to one or more of the loads is changeable to satisfy the flow required of the load due to the operator demand, each pump outlet being commanded to produce a flow depending on the status of other outlets connected a load to which the outlet is connected and the operator demand for that load.

Abstract: Displaying device comprising an image medium formed from a matrix array of pixels that extend in rows, parallel to a first longitudinal axis, and in columns, parallel to a first lateral axis, the image medium being placed facing an optical array, wherein: the image medium is segmented into elementary zones, each elementary zone being configured to display an elementary image; the optical array comprises optical separating elements; each elementary zone forms a matrix array, and comprises pixels, each pixel being associated with a rank; the optical array is configured to form views in the image plane, each view being formed by a projection of pixels of the same rank, said pixels being located in various elementary zones; the elementary zones are arranged in unit cells, each unit cell comprising a central elementary zone and four elementary zones that are adjacent thereto, each unit cell being such that the centers of the adjacent elementary zones are staggered.

Abstract: A method for determining a parameter of a particle present in a sample, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating the sample with the light source, the light source emitting an incident light wave that propagates along a propagation axis; b) acquiring an image of the sample with the image sensor, the image sensor being exposed to an exposure light wave; c) determining a position of the particle in the detection plane; d) on the basis of the acquired image, applying a propagation operator, for a plurality of distances from a detection plane, so as to estimate, at each distance, a complex amplitude of the exposure light wave; e) on the basis of the complex amplitude estimated, at various distances, obtaining a profile representing a variation of the complex amplitude of the exposure light wave along an axis parallel to the propagation axis and passing through the position of the particle.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a transparent particle including: an analysis pathway, including a first light source emitting an analysis light beam, and a first optical system focusing the analysis light beam in a focusing plane; and a position control pathway including a second light source, an image sensor, and a second optical system at least partially merged with the first optical system. The image sensor is offset relative to the image of the focusing plane by the second optical system. The system makes it possible to control correct positioning of the particle, even though it is transparent, and without disturbing the analysis pathway.

Abstract: A method allowing particles to be tracked in a moving fluid, via an optical method. The particles are in motion in a fluidic chamber. An image of the fluidic chamber is acquired, so as to obtain three-dimensional positions of particles in the fluidic chamber at a first time. Three-dimensional positions of 10 particles at a second time are also obtained, the second time being subsequent to the first time. On the basis of the obtained three-dimensional positions, potential movements of particles, between said times, are established. On the basis of a model of movement of the particles, potential movements are validated. The validated movements allow the particles in the fluid to be counted. In addition, if 15 the particles are of different nature, the movement model may comprise a component of movement of the particles with respect to the fluid that is characteristic of this difference. Determining this component then allows the particles to be characterized.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for identifying biological particles from a stack of holographic images obtained by means of an optical system. A stack of image blocks centered on the biological particle to be analysed is extracted from the stack of images and a reference block corresponding to the focus plan is determined. A characteristic magnitude is calculated for each block of the stack and the profile of this characteristic magnitude along the optical axis of the system is compared with a plurality of standard profiles relative to known types of particle. Alternatively, blocks of the stack are extracted from the stack of blocks for predetermined defocusing deviations and the extracted blocks are compared with standard blocks relative to known types of particle.

Abstract: A fluid power system comprises a pump with multiple independently variable outlets, each of which is capable of delivering fluid in individually controllable volume units and a plurality of hydraulic loads. A system of switching valves is configured to create fluid connections between the pump outlets and the loads. A control system commands both the pump and the switching valves, so as to create valve state combinations to satisfy load conditions as demanded by an operator. The number of pump outlets connected to one or more of the loads is changeable to satisfy the flow required of the load due to the operator demand, each pump outlet being commanded to produce a flow depending on the status of other outlets connected a load to which the outlet is connected and the operator demand for that load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a retroreflector able to be placed in contact with an environment, comprising, by way of constituent material, a material enabling a parameter of said environment to be picked up, said material modifying the optical transmission properties of the retroreflector when said parameter is present, said retroreflector being able to receive an incident light beam via a first face and to reemit a light beam via said first face.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a sample receiving a particle of interest, including: defining a reference point located on a first interface of the sample, or at a known distance from the sample, along the optical axis of the optical system; acquiring a reference image transmission of the sample, the object plane of the optical system being located at a known distance from the reference point along an axis parallel to the optical axis of the optical system, and the particle of interest being located outside of the object plane; using the reference image, digitally constructing a series of reconstructed images, each associated with a predetermined offset of the object plane along the optical axis of the optical system; and using the series of reconstructed images, determining the distance along an axis parallel to the optical axis of the optical system, between the particle of interest and the reference point.

Abstract: A fluid power system comprises a pump with multiple independently variable outlets (11, 12, 13, 14), each of which is capable of delivering fluid in individually controllable volume units and a plurality of hydraulic loads (15, 16, 18, 20). A system of switching valves is configured to create fluid connections between the pump outlets and the loads. A control system commands both the pump and the switching valves, so as to create valve state combinations to satisfy load conditions as demanded by an operator. The number of pump outlets (11, 12, 13, 14) connected to one or more of the loads (15, 16, 18, 20) is changeable to satisfy the flow required of the load due to the operator demand, each pump outlet being commanded to produce a flow depending on the status of other outlets connected a load to which the outlet is connected and the operator demand for that load.

Abstract: The invention relates to a retroreflector able to be placed in contact with an environment, comprising, by way of constituent material, a material enabling a parameter of said environment to be picked up, said material modifying the optical transmission properties of the retroreflector when said parameter is present, said retroreflector being able to receive an incident light beam via a first face and to reemit a light beam via said first face.

Abstract: An anchoring device for anchoring a sheath of a transmission cable to a bracket may include a sleeve coaxially connectable to the sheath of the cable, the sleeve having a plurality of tangs extending longitudinally and arranged in a circular configuration, the tangs each having a transversal surface defining a wall of a circumferential groove, the groove being able to receive a bracket and to secure the sheath of the cable from longitudinal movements relative to the bracket, the anchoring device may include a ring longitudinally movable relative to the sleeve between first and second longitudinal positions, and wherein the ring is able to force the tangs to move inward upon movement of the ring from the first to the second longitudinal position such that the diameter of the wall of the circumferential groove is decreased.

Abstract: In open-circuit hydraulic systems (1), the cross-sections of the supply lines (6) and input valves of the hydraulic pump (3) have to be large, so that sufficient flow flux can be provided. This hinders a reduction of the size of the pump and the whole hydraulic system. It is suggested that the supply flow (7) of a hydraulic pump (3) is charged by a second, charging pump (2), to a mid-pressure level (7). The cross-sections of the supply flow areas can thus be decreased.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a volume (G, V) of a substantially transparent medium having a first refractive index (nint) and having a first surface (S1) that is convex, rounded, or faceted, and a second substantially planar surface (S2), the first surface separating the volume from a surrounding medium (MA) having a second refractive index (nest) that is lower than the first index, the sample to be observed being contained inside the volume or being deposited on the first surface; b) observing the sample through the second substantially planar surface; and c) determining the presence of a substance or an object in the sample by detection during step b), a ring of light that correlates with the volume.

Abstract: In open-circuit hydraulic systems (1), the cross-sections of the supply lines (6) and input valves of the hydraulic pump (3) have to be large, so that sufficient flow flux can be provided. This hinders a reduction of the size of the pump and the whole hydraulic system. It is suggested that the supply flow (7) of a hydraulic pump (3) is charged by a second, charging pump (2), to a mid-pressure level (7). The cross-sections of the supply flow areas can thus be decreased.

Abstract: A method for observing a sample is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a volume (G, V) of a substantially transparent medium having a first refractive index (nint) and having a first surface (S1) that is convex, rounded, or faceted, and a second substantially planar surface (S2), the first surface separating the volume from a surrounding medium (MA) having a second refractive index (next) that is lower than the first index, the sample to be observed being contained inside the volume or being deposited on the first surface; b) observing the sample through the second substantially planar surface; and c) determining the presence of a substance or an object in the sample by detection during step b), a ring of light that correlates with the volume.