Abstract: Disclosed is a crest element in an armor layer assembly of a breakwater. The crest element includes: a central part; two wings extending from the central part in opposing directions along, when placed on a breakwater, the length direction of the breakwater; and a nose extending from the central part in a forward direction transverse to the length direction of the breakwater. The backside of the central part is a vertically oriented, back face facing in a backward direction opposite to the forward direction. The crest element may in particular be used as crest element for armor layers including armor elements of the type having a central part from which: two wings extend in opposing directions, and a tail and nose extend in opposing directions transverse to the direction of extension of the wings. Also disclosed is an armor layer, a breakwater and methods using the crest elements.

Abstract: An aerodynamic rail cover for an operating room with laminar airflow is provided. The rail cover comprises a rail cover component configured to be movably attached to a support rail of a ceiling mounted support arrangement of a medical imaging system. The rail cover component comprises a base element and an air guiding surface element connected to the base element. The base element is configured to be attached to a portion of the support rail of the ceiling mounted support arrangement. The air guiding surface element forms an air guide to be mounted at least temporarily to cover a portion of the support rail of the ceiling mounted support arrangement. The air guiding surface element comprises two surface parts that extend from starting edges on opposite sides of the base element to a common trailing edge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerodynamic rail cover for an operating room with laminar airflow. In order to provide measures to improve the provision of a laminar airflow in an operating zone, an aerodynamic rail cover (10) for an operating room with laminar airflow is provided. The rail cover comprises at least one cover component (12), wherein the cover component comprises a base element (14); and an air guiding surface element (16) connected to the base element. The base element is configured to be attached to a portion of a support rail of a ceiling mounted support arrangement of a medical imaging system. The air guiding surface element forms an air guide to be mounted at least temporarily to cover a portion of the support rail and comprises two surface parts (18) that are extending from starting edges (20) on opposite sides of the base element to a common trailing edge (22).

Abstract: An aerodynamic rail cover for an operating room with laminar airflow is provided. The rail cover comprises a rail cover component configured to be movably attached to a support rail of a ceiling mounted support arrangement of a medical imaging system. The rail cover component comprises a base element and an air guiding surface element connected to the base element. The base element is configured to be attached to a portion of the support rail of the ceiling mounted support arrangement. The air guiding surface element forms an air guide to be mounted at least temporarily to cover a portion of the support rail of the ceiling mounted support arrangement. The air guiding surface element comprises two surface parts that extend from starting edges on opposite sides of the base element to a common trailing edge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerodynamic rail cover for an operating room with laminar airflow. In order to provide measures to improve the provision of a laminar airflow in an operating zone, an aerodynamic rail cover (10) for an operating room with laminar airflow is provided. The rail cover comprises at least one cover component (12), wherein the cover component comprises a base element (14); and an air guiding surface element (16) connected to the base element. The base element is configured to be attached to a portion of a support rail of a ceiling mounted support arrangement of a medical imaging system. The air guiding surface element forms an air guide to be mounted at least temporarily to cover a portion of the support rail and comprises two surface parts (18) that are extending from starting edges (20) on opposite sides of the base element to a common trailing edge (22).

Abstract: Re-calibration of pre-recorded images during interventions uses an interventional system including an imaging device providing images of an object, a needle device, and a processing device. The needle device includes a sensor for providing data corresponding to tissue properties. The processing device is configured to perform an overlay registration of pre-recorded images and live images provided by the imaging device, utilizing the data from the sensor. Thus, the accuracy of an overlay of images is increased.

Abstract: A device (1) for imaging the interior of an optically turbid medium is provided. The device comprises a receptacle (3; 103) structured to accommodate an optically turbid medium for examination and an optically matching medium filling a space between an inner surface (6; 106) of the receptacle (3; 103) and the optically turbid medium. The device comprises at least one light source generating light to be coupled into the receptacle (3; 103) and at least one detector for detecting light emanating from the receptacle (3; 103). A coupling surface (10; 110) optically coupled to the inner surface (6; 106) of the receptacle and a coupling member (11; 111) optically coupled to the light source and the detector are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a device for optical imaging of a turbid medium. This method comprises a reference measurement of reference intensities of light emanating from the turbid medium at a reference blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the turbid medium and a reference imaging step for reconstructing a reference image of the turbid medium from the measured reference intensities. Furthermore the method comprises a contrast measurement of the contrast intensity of the light emanating from the turbid medium at a contrast blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) level in the turbid medium and a contrast imaging step for reconstructing a contrast image of the turbid medium from the measured contrast intensities. A comparison is made between the contrast image to the reference image of the turbid medium.

Abstract: An optical element includes a surface including a tilted profile having height differences, thereby providing cavities and elevations having a predetermined maximum height difference, and a transmissive layer that covers the cavities and the elevations of the optical element. A first height of the transmissive layer in the cavities is substantially equal or larger than the predetermined maximum height difference and the transmissive layer has a second height on the elevations and the second height is about 10-500 nm. The transmissive layer is enabled to optically filter incident radiation, and the optical element is a grating.

Abstract: To overcome the disadvantages introduced by using UV sensors to detect the intensity of UV light in water purification apparatuses, a novel detection apparatus to “visualize” the quality of water in the form of visible light, instead of digitizing the intensity of UV light includes s a first detection window, coated with a first material for converting a received first ultraviolet light into a first visible light. The first ultraviolet light is emitted from an ultraviolet light source and traverses the liquid, and the detection apparatus further mixes the first visible light with second visible light to generate a third visible light. The different color of the third visible light can represent the different quality of the water.

Abstract: A system for detecting at least one contamination species in an interior space of a lithographic apparatus, including: at least one monitoring surface configured to be in contact with the interior space, a thermal controller configured to control the temperature of the monitoring surface to at least one detection temperature, and at least one detector configured to detect condensation of the at least one contamination species onto the monitoring surface.

Abstract: An optical element includes a top layer which is transmissive for EUV radiation with wavelength in the range of 5-20 nm, and a structure of the top layer is a structure having an rms roughness value equal to or larger than ?/10 for spatial periods equal to or smaller than ?/2. The structure promotes transmission through the top layer to the optical element.

Abstract: A device and method of acquiring image data from a turbid medium using a diffuse optical tomography device including irradiating the turbid medium at a plurality of first spatial positions, collecting light emanating from the turbid medium at a plurality of second spatial positions, splitting the light collected from each second spatial position into at least two optical channels, measuring the intensity of the split light in each optical channel of the at least two optical channels using photo detectors, and reconstructing an image of the turbid medium from the measured intensities.

Abstract: An optical element includes a top layer which is transmissive for EUV radiation with wavelength ? in the range of 5-20 nm, and a structure of the top layer is a structure having an rms roughness value equal to or larger than ?/10 for spatial periods equal to or smaller than ?/2. The structure promotes transmission through the top layer to the optical element.

Abstract: To overcome the disadvantages introduced by using UV sensors to detect the intensity of UV light in water purification apparatuses, the present invention provides a novel detection apparatus to “visualize” the quality of water in the form of visible light, instead of digitizing the intensity of UV light. The detection apparatus comprises a first detection window, coated with a first material for converting a received first ultraviolet light into a first visible light, wherein the first ultraviolet light is emitted from an ultraviolet light source and traverses the liquid, and the apparatus further mixes the first visible light with a second visible light to generate a third visible light. The different color of the third visible light can represent the different quality of the water.

Abstract: A system for detecting at least one contamination species in an interior space of a lithographic apparatus, including: at least one monitoring surface configured to be in contact with the interior space, a thermal controller configured to control the temperature of the monitoring surface to at least one detection temperature, and at least one detector configured to detect condensation of the at least one contamination species onto the monitoring surface.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam, a projection system configured to project the radiation beam onto a substrate, and a filter system for filtering debris particles out of the radiation beam. The filter system includes a plurality of foils for trapping the debris particles, a support for holding the plurality of foils, and a cooling system having a surface that is arranged to be cooled. The cooling system and the support are positioned with respect to each other such that a gap is formed between the surface of the cooling system and the support. The cooling system is further arranged to inject gas into the gap.

Abstract: A system for detecting at least one contamination species in an interior space of a lithographic apparatus, including: at least one monitoring surface configured to be in contact with the interior space, a thermal controller configured to control the temperature of the monitoring surface to at least one detection temperature, and at least one detector configured to detect condensation of the at least one contamination species onto the monitoring surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to an illumination apparatus. The illumination apparatus comprises a light guide plate and a light source configured to emit light into the light guide plate through a first surface, and the light guide plate comprises a concentrator configured to direct incident light in the light guide plate so as to radiate in a direction substantially parallel to a preset plane. The preset plane is perpendicular to any one of the top surface and bottom surface of the light guide plate, and intersects the first surface and a second surface of the light guide plate or intersects the first surface and one of the side surfaces at an angle that is substantially larger than the critical angle of a total reflection. In this way, unwanted light loss in the light guide plate is reduced, and the distribution of the light intensity or luminance along the light guide plate is improved, i.e., a substantially uniform distribution of the light intensity can be achieved.

Abstract: An optical element includes a surface including a tilted profile having height differences, thereby providing cavities and elevations having a predetermined maximum height difference, and a transmissive layer that covers the cavities and the elevations of the optical element. A first height of the transmissive layer in the cavities is substantially equal or larger than the predetermined maximum height difference and the transmissive layer has a second height on the elevations and the second height is about 10-500 nm. The transmissive layer is enabled to optically filter incident radiation, and the optical element is a grating.