Abstract: Conductive structures and method of manufacture thereof are disclosed. A barrier layer can line the first recess of a substrate. A first seed layer can be formed on the barrier layer and line a bottom of the first recess and partially line sidewalls of the recess. A first conductive material can partially fill the first recess to form a second recess. The top surface of the first conductive material can coincide with a vertical extent of the first seed layer and have a depression formed therein. A second seed layer can be formed on the barrier layer and line the second recess. A second conductive material can fill the second recess.

Abstract: Conductive structures and method of manufacture thereof are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of forming a conductive structure includes providing a substrate having a recess formed therein, the recess lined with a first seed layer and partially filled with a first conductive material; removing a portion of the first seed layer free from the first conductive material to form an exposed surface of the recess; lining the exposed surface of the recess with a second seed layer; and filling the recess with a second conductive material, the second conductive material covering the first conductive material and the second seed layer.

Abstract: A biosensor structure is provided, which includes a substrate, a center conductor, a first ground conductor, a second ground conductor and a protection layer. The center conductor is disposed on the substrate and defines a detection area at the central area thereof for detection of cells or biomolecules. The first ground conductor is disposed on the substrate and is located opposite to a side of the center conductor. The second ground conductor is disposed on the substrate and is located opposite to another side of the center conductor. The protection layer is disposed on the substrate, the center conductor, the first ground conductor and the second ground conductor. In a thickness direction of the biosensor structure, the protection layer is disposed without substantially overlapping the detection area.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus and an auto-focusing method thereof are provided. The method includes transmitting light beams from light sources to an eye including a cornea, a pupil, a crystalline lens, and a fundus. The light beams are transmitted to the fundus through the cornea. The light beams transmitted to the cornea form first light point images detected by an image sensor through a lens module having first and second lenses. According to the first light point images and focal adjustment data, the first lens and the light sources are moved simultaneously to focus on the cornea. The light beams are substantially intersected at the pupil and transmitted to the fundus to form second light point images detected by the image sensor through the lens module. According to the second light point images and the focal adjustment data, the first lens is moved to focus on the fundus.

Abstract: An image stitching method adapted to stitch a plurality of fundus images of an animal is provided. The image stitching method includes following steps. A plurality of fundus images of the animal are captured, where the fundus images partially overlap. The fundus images are respectively converted into a plurality of grayscale images. The contrasts of the grayscale images are enhanced. The grayscale images with enhanced contrasts are compared to obtain a plurality of stitching data. The fundus images are stitched according to the stitching data. Additionally, a camera system is also provided.

Abstract: An image stitching method adapted to stitch a plurality of fundus images of an animal is provided. The image stitching method includes following steps. A plurality of fundus images of the animal are captured, where the fundus images partially overlap. The fundus images are respectively converted into a plurality of grayscale images. The contrasts of the grayscale images are enhanced. The grayscale images with enhanced contrasts are compared to obtain a plurality of stitching data. The fundus images are stitched according to the stitching data. Additionally, a camera system is also provided.

Abstract: A camera device configured to obtain an image of an eye is provided. The camera apparatus includes an image sensing unit, a lens set, and a processing unit. The lens set is located between the image sensing unit and the eye and projects light from the eye to the image sensing unit. Here, the lens set and the image sensing unit correspondingly move relative to the eye and continuously shoot a plurality of images of a plurality of parts of the eye. The processing unit is electrically connected to the image sensing unit, and the processing unit stitches the images. A photographing method is also provided.

Abstract: An image detecting apparatus for detecting a first eyeball is provided. The image detecting apparatus includes an illumination light source, an imaging lens, an image sensing device, a display and a viewfinder. The illumination light source emits an illumination beam, and the illumination beam irradiates the first eyeball. The first eyeball reflects the illumination beam into an image beam. The imaging lens is disposed on a transmission path of the image beam. The image sensing device is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam, wherein the imaging lens is disposed between the first eyeball and the image sensing device. The display shows the image formed by the image beam. The viewfinder is disposed in front of the display such that a second eyeball observes the display via the viewfinder. An image detecting method is also provided.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus and an auto-focusing method thereof are provided. The method includes transmitting light beams from light sources to an eye including a cornea, a pupil, a crystalline lens, and a fundus. The light beams are transmitted to the fundus through the cornea. The light beams transmitted to the cornea form first light point images detected by an image sensor through a lens module having first and second lenses. According to the first light point images and focal adjustment data, the first lens and the light sources are moved simultaneously to focus on the cornea. The light beams are substantially intersected at the pupil and transmitted to the fundus to form second light point images detected by the image sensor through the lens module. According to the second light point images and the focal adjustment data, the first lens is moved to focus on the fundus.

Abstract: An address translation device includes a connection searching module, a table creation module, a media access control (MAC) address searching module, and a forwarding module. The connection searching module receives a packet, and searches a connection mapping table according to the packet. The connection mapping table includes a plurality of connection entries, and each connection entry includes a routing entry. The connection searching module further determines whether a connection entry with a connection matching that of the packet is found in the connection mapping table. The table creation module creates a connection entry in the connection mapping table, and creates a routing entry in the connection entry. The MAC address searching module acquires a destination MAC address from the routing entry of the connection entry in the connection mapping table. The forwarding module adds the acquired destination MAC address to the packet, and forwards the packet.