Abstract: A physical vapor deposition (PVD) system is provided. The PVD system includes a PVD chamber defining a PVD volume within which a target material of a target is deposited onto a wafer. The PVD system includes the target in the PVD chamber. The target is configured to overlie the wafer. An edge of the target extends from a first surface of the target to a second surface of the target, opposite the first surface of the target. A first portion of the edge of the target has a first surface roughness. The first portion of the edge of the target extends at most about 6 millimeters from the first surface of the target to a second portion of the edge of the target. The second portion of the edge of the target has a second surface roughness less than the first surface roughness.

Abstract: A system for controlling a physical system via segmentation of an image includes a controller. The controller may be configured to receive an image of n pixels from a first sensor, and an annotation of the image from a second sensor, form a coupling matrix, k class vectors each of length n, and a bias coefficient based on the image and the annotation, generate n pixel vectors each of length n based on the coupling matrix, class vectors, and bias coefficient create a single segmentation vector of length n from the pixel vectors wherein each entry in the segmentation vector identifies one of the k class vectors, output the single segmentation vector; and operate the physical system based on the single segmentation vector.

Abstract: Community detection for a network using low-cardinality semidefinite programming is described. Data descriptive of a set of nodes of a network is received. The data includes a set of nodes representing entities of a system and edges representing connections between the entities of the system. A modularity maximization is performed to assign each node of the set of nodes to one or more communities to generate multiple-cardinality embeddings. The multiple-cardinality embeddings are rounded to unit cardinality to recover a community assignment with maximum modularity. The community assignment is refined and aggregated to create an aggregate network defining a set of connected communities of the network. The network is operated on in accordance with the community assignment.

Abstract: Various embodiments of systems and methods allow unsupervised, deep learning, character-level language models to complete and correct search engine queries, given arbitrary search prefixes. Embodiments use a multi-layer, character-level, recurrent neural network trained on query logs to generate query suggestions for the user. Integrated is an error correction framework. More particularly, approaches disclosed herein for query error correction and completion combine the character-level language models with an edit-distance-based potential function calibrated to generate spelling corrections, linking the two using a tree-based beam search algorithm that can exploit the potential functions and efficiently rank the suggestions. Optimizations are made to the predictive system, and efficient processor-based computations complete the queries, with error correction, in real-time. The embodiments substantially increase hit rate over standard approaches and are capable of handling tail queries.

Abstract: A system and computer implemented method for learning rules from a data base including entities and relations between the entities, wherein an entity is either a constant or a numerical value, and a relation between a constant and a numerical value is a numerical relation and a relation between two constants is a non-numerical relation. The method includes: deriving aggregate values from said numerical and/or non-numerical relations; deriving non-numerical relations from said aggregate values; adding said derived non-numerical relations to the data base; constructing differentiable operators, wherein a differentiable operator refers to a non-numerical or a derived non-numerical relation of the data base, and extracting rules from said differentiable operators.

Abstract: A system for applying a neural network to an input instance. The neural network includes an optimization layer for determining values of one or more output neurons from values of one or more input neurons by a joint optimization parametrized by one or more parameters. An input instance is obtained. The values of the one or more input neurons to the optimization layer are obtained and input vectors for the one or more input neurons are determined therefrom. Output vectors for the one or more output neurons are computed from the determined input vectors by jointly optimizing at least the output vectors with respect to the input vectors to solve a semidefinite program defined by the one or more parameters. The values of the one or more output neurons are determined from the respective computed output vectors.

Abstract: A high resistance virtual anode for an electroplating cell includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a plurality of first holes through the first layer. The second layer is over the first layer and includes a plurality of second holes through the second layer.

Abstract: A high resistance virtual anode for an electroplating cell includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a plurality of first holes through the first layer. The second layer is over the first layer and includes a plurality of second holes through the second layer.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a server rack system includes: initializing each of a rack management controller (RMC), a rack back plate (RBP) and a baseboard management controller (BMC); transmitting by the RMC an initiation message to RBP; transmitting by the RBP initiation messages to the BMC and the RMC, respectively; transmitting by the BMC an initiation message to RBP transmitting by the BMC a real-time monitoring output associated with a condition of a server to the RBP after receiving the initiation message transmitted by the RBP; and transmitting by the RBP at least a portion of the real-time monitoring output received from the BMC to the RMC after receiving the initiation message transmitted by the RMC.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fan module mounted in a region of a server rack. The method is implemented by a controller unit including a RMC and a region controller that corresponds to the region, and includes: receiving by the region controller temperature data from the server; determining by the region controller whether the RMC operates in a normal state; when the determination is affirmative, transmitting by the region controller the temperature data to the RMC, and controlling by the RMC a fan speed of the fan module according to the temperature data; and when the determination is negative, controlling by the region controller the fan speed according to the temperature data received from the server.

Abstract: A high resistance virtual anode for an electroplating cell includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a plurality of first holes through the first layer. The second layer is over the first layer and includes a plurality of second holes through the second layer.

Abstract: A system includes a bus, multiple BMCs, and a control unit. Each BMC generates heartbeat signals and acquire operation data associated with a to-be-monitored unit once being initiated, and operates in one of a master mode and a slave mode according to a corresponding decision signal. One of the BMCs which operates in the master mode is configured to receive via the bus the operation data from the rest of the BMCs which operate(s) in the slave mode for monitoring the to-be-monitored unit. The control unit is configured to, according to the heartbeat signals, generate the corresponding decision signals for controlling a first normally operating one of the BMCs to operate in the master mode and the rest of the BMCs to operate in the slave mode.

Abstract: A high resistance virtual anode for an electroplating cell includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a plurality of first holes through the first layer. The second layer is over the first layer and includes a plurality of second holes through the second layer.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fan module mounted in a region of a server rack. The method is implemented by a controller unit including a RMC and a region controller that corresponds to the region, and includes: receiving by the region controller temperature data from the server; determining by the region controller whether the RMC operates in a normal state; when the determination is affirmative, transmitting by the region controller the temperature data to the RMC, and controlling by the RMC a fan speed of the fan module according to the temperature data; and when the determination is negative, controlling by the region controller the fan speed according to the temperature data received from the server.

Abstract: A testing method of electronic devices, each of which includes a central processing unit (CPU) for running an operating system (OS), includes the following steps when testing one of the electronic devices. The specification of the CPU of the electronic device and the version of the OS run on the CPU are identified. A test script of the electronic device is searched from a script lookup table according to the specification of the CPU and the version of the OS. The script lookup table records a variety of test scripts related to the specification of a variety of CPUs of a variety of electronic devices in combination with the version of a variety of operating systems. The found test script is provided to a testing module. The electronic device is tested by the testing module according to the found test script.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a server rack system includes: initializing each of a rack management controller (RMC), a rack back plate (RBP) and a baseboard management controller (BMC); transmitting by the RMC an initiation message to RBP; transmitting by the RBP initiation messages to the BMC and the RMC, respectively; transmitting by the BMC an initiation message to RBP transmitting by the BMC a real-time monitoring output associated with a condition of a server to the RBP after receiving the initiation message transmitted by the RBP; and transmitting by the RBP at least a portion of the real-time monitoring output received from the BMC to the RMC after receiving the initiation message transmitted by the RMC.

Abstract: A high resistance virtual anode for an electroplating cell includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a plurality of first holes through the first layer. The second layer is over the first layer and includes a plurality of second holes through the second layer.

Abstract: A system includes a bus, multiple BMCs, and a control unit. Each BMC generates heartbeat signals and acquire operation data associated with a to-be-monitored unit once being initiated, and operates in one of a master mode and a slave mode according to a corresponding decision signal. One of the BMCs which operates in the master mode is configured to receive via the bus the operation data from the rest of the BMCs which operate(s) in the slave mode for monitoring the to-be-monitored unit. The control unit is configured to, according to the heartbeat signals, generate the corresponding decision signals for controlling a first normally operating one of the BMCs to operate in the master mode and the rest of the BMCs to operate in the slave mode.

Abstract: In a method for viewing relevant circuits of a signal on a circuit design diagram of a printed circuit board (PCB), a circuit design diagram and a circuit testing program of the PCB are read from a storage system. A state of each signal of the PCB on the circuit design diagram is determined. Accordingly, sub circuit design diagrams of the signal are obtained from the circuit design diagram and stored into the storage device. When a testing instruction is selected from the circuit testing program, a signal of the PCB is determined. Sub circuit design diagrams of the determined signal are retrieved from the storage device and displayed on a display device.

Abstract: A power-off protection system used in a multi-node system includes a detecting module. The detecting module obtains voltage, current and temperature information of all of the nodes and power supplying units in the multi-node system periodically. A determining module determines if any node from the nodes and power supplying units is abnormal. A control module controls a switch connected with the node that is abnormal to turn off, thereby turning off power source connected with the node that is abnormal.