Abstract: A method includes forming a gate trench over a semiconductor fin. The gate trench includes an upper portion surrounded by first gate spacers and a lower portion surrounded by second gate spacers and the first gate spacers. The method includes forming a metal gate in the lower portion of the gate trench. The metal gate is disposed over a first portion of a gate dielectric layer. The method includes depositing a metal material in the gate trench to form a gate electrode overlaying the metal gate in the lower portion of the gate trench, while keeping sidewalls of the first gate spacers and upper surfaces of the second gate spacer overlaid by a second portion of the gate dielectric layer. The method includes removing the second portion of the gate dielectric layer, while remaining the gate electrode substantially intact.

Abstract: A method of producing preconfigured arrangements of mobile shape-designed particles. The method includes providing a composite structure comprising a substrate and a layer of particle material over a surface of the substrate; lithographically producing a plurality of shaped-designed particles from the layer of particle material such that the plurality of shaped-designed particles remain substantially in a layer proximate the substrate; and at least one of subsequent to or in conjunction with the lithographically producing, immersing the plurality of shaped-designed particles the substrate in a fluid material, at a preselected temperature. The fluid material comprises a depletion agent having particles having sizes and a volume fraction to provide depletion attraction between at least a portion of the shaped-designed particles and the substrate such that the shaped-designed particles remain substantially in the layer proximate the substrate.

Abstract: The application discloses a touch controller, configured to determine a position where a user touches a touchscreen, wherein the touchscreen includes a first transmitting electrode, a second transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode. The touch controller includes: a signal generation module, configured to perform an in-phase code transmission at a first time so that the receiving electrode receives an in-phase code receiving signal correspondingly, and perform an inverting-phase code transmission at a second time so that the receiving electrode receives an inverting-phase code receiving signal correspondingly; and a demodulation module, configured to determine the position where the user touches the touchscreen according to the in-phase code receiving signal corresponding to the first time and the inverting-phase code receiving signal corresponding to the second time.

Abstract: A method of producing preconfigured arrangements of mobile shape-designed particles. The method includes providing a composite structure comprising a substrate and a layer of particle material over a surface of the substrate; lithographically producing a plurality of shaped-designed particles from the layer of particle material such that the plurality of shaped-designed particles remain substantially in a layer proximate the substrate; and at least one of subsequent to or in conjunction with the lithographically producing, immersing the plurality of shaped-designed particles the substrate in a fluid material, at a preselected temperature. The fluid material comprises a depletion agent having particles having sizes and a volume fraction to provide depletion attraction between at least a portion of the shaped-designed particles and the substrate such that the shaped-designed particles remain substantially in the layer proximate the substrate.

Abstract: A multi-carrier communication system is disclosed. The multi-carrier communication system includes a transmitting module for generating a first time-domain signal by performing an inversed Fourier transform upon a transmitting data; a receiving module for receiving a second time-domain signal and for generating a decoded data by performing a Fourier transform upon the second time-domain signal; and an echo cancellation unit, coupled to the transmitting module and the receiving module, for generating a reconstructed data according to a plurality of computing coefficients, the decoded data, and the transmit data, and for adjusting the computing coefficients according to the reconstructed data.