Abstract: Composite carbon electrodes for use in, for example, Capacitive Deionization (CDI) of a fluid stream or, for example, an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) are described. Methods of making the composite carbon electrodes are also described. The composite carbon electrode comprises an electrically conductive porous matrix comprising carbon; and an electric double layer capacitor, comprising an activated carbonized material, dispersed throughout the pore volume of the electrically conductive porous matrix.

Abstract: A method for treating semiconducting materials is disclosed. In the disclosed method, a semiconducting material having a crystalline structure is provided, at least a portion of the semiconducting material is exposed to a heat source to create a melt pool, and the semiconducting material is then cooled. Semiconducting materials treated by the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: Feed materials are melted in a furnace to form a glass melt at a first temperature T1, the glass melt containing at least one fining agent. The glass melt is cooled to a second temperature T2 less than T1, and an oxygen-containing gas is bubbled through the cooled melt. The glass melt is then re-heated to a third temperature T3 equal to or greater than the first temperature T1.

Abstract: Carbon electrodes for use in, for example, Capacitive Deionization (CDI) of a fluid stream or, for example, an electric double layer capacitor (EDCL). Methods of making the carbon electrodes are also described. The carbon electrode comprises an electrically conductive porous carbon support and a carbon cover layer comprising carbon particles in contact with the electrically conductive porous carbon support. A carbonizable material is within the electrically conductive porous carbon support and provides a bond to the carbon particles at the interface of the electrically conductive porous carbon support and the carbon cover layer. The electrically conductive porous support in some embodiments is a layered structure, where one of the layers is a carbonizable paste layer having electrically conductive particles mixed therein.

Abstract: Layered carbon electrodes for use in, for example, Capacitive Deionization (CDI) of a fluid stream or, for example, an electric double layer capacitor (EDCL). Methods of making the layered carbon electrodes are also described. The layered carbon electrode comprises an electrically conductive porous layer and an adjacent layer comprising carbon particles in contact with the electrically conductive porous layer. A thermoplastic material is infused in the electrically conductive porous layer and provides a bond to the carbon particles at the interface of the electrically conductive porous layer and the adjacent layer comprising carbon particles.

Abstract: A system and method are described herein for self-referencing a sensor that is used to detect a biomolecular binding event and/or kinetics which occur in a sample solution flowing along side a reference solution in a micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: A system and method are described herein for self-referencing a sensor that is used to detect a biomolecular binding event and/or kinetics which occur in a sample solution flowing along side a reference solution in a micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: Feed materials are melted in a furnace to form a glass melt at a first temperature T1, the glass melt containing at least one fining agent. The glass melt is cooled to a second temperature T2 less than T1, and an oxygen-containing gas is bubbled through the cooled melt. The glass melt is then re-heated to a third temperature T3 equal to or greater than the first temperature T1.

Abstract: A method for impregnating porous monolith supports with catalytically active materials is disclosed. The impregnation is carried out at a temperature which substantially reduces chemisorption rates such that reactions between the monolith substrate and catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution are minimized. The process can be completed in a practical time that allows for unit selectivity of the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the substrate to the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A system and method are described herein for self-referencing a sensor that is used to detect a biomolecular binding event and/or kinetics which occur in a sample solution flowing along side a reference solution in a micron-sized deep flow channel.

Abstract: A method for impregnating porous monolith supports with catalytically active materials is disclosed. The impregnation is carried out at a temperature which substantially reduces chemisorption rates such that reactions between the monolith substrate and catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution are minimized. The process can be completed in a practical time that allows for unit selectivity of the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the substrate to the weight ratio of catalytically active materials in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a uniform coating thickness along an axial direction within an internal portion of a substrate tube is disclosed. A gas delivery unit is configured to coat the internal portion of the substrate tube. The gas delivery unit includes an insert. At least one of an inner diameter of the insert, a length of the insert, a gap between the insert and the substrate tube, and a flow of the gas mixture delivered to the substrate tube is configured to provide the uniform coating thickness along the axial direction.

Abstract: The invention includes methods and apparatus for depositing soot onto a glass surface to minimize water in the deposited soot and the diffusion of the water into the glass surface. The invention includes depositing a first layer of soot a on the glass surface at a first forward traverse rate and depositing a second layer of soot at a second forward traverse rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a glass article such as an optical fiber having a substantially matching viscosity across an interface associated with a first section and a second section of the optical fiber is disclosed herein. The first section has a first halogen concentration and the second section has a second halogen concentration. At least one of a partial pressure of the second halogen provided to a substrate tube and a temperature of the substrate tube is configured to affect the concentration of the second halogen in the second section. Optical fiber embodiments are also included.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of PCVD methods of making an optical fiber and apparatuses for use in PCVD methods. The disclosed methods and apparatuses improve the PCVD process by enhancing the efficiency of the deposition process. The use of the disclosed methods and apparatuses, individually or in combination thereof, will result in at least reducing the time necessary to deposit a predetermined amount of glass on a substrate.

Abstract: This present invention is directed to an apparatus for depositing a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) coating on the inside of a preform used for the drawing of optical fibers. This invention further relates to a novel microwave applicator design used in the apparatus; preferably allowing for a more intense, circumferentially symmetric plasma about the longitudinal axis of the preform, under normal operating conditions; resulting in a more uniform coating and a reduced applicator length, and a method for making the coated preform.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a uniform coating thickness along an axial direction within an internal portion of a substrate tube is disclosed. A gas delivery unit is configured to coat the internal portion of the substrate tube. The gas delivery unit includes an insert. At least one of an inner diameter of the insert, a length of the insert, a gap between the insert and the substrate tube, and a flow of the gas mixture delivered to the substrate tube is configured to provide the uniform coating thickness along the axial direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a glass article such as an optical fiber having a substantially matching viscosity across an interface associated with a first section and a second section of the optical fiber is disclosed herein. The first section has a first halogen concentration and the second section has a second halogen concentration. At least one of a partial pressure of the second halogen provided to a substrate tube and a temperature of the substrate tube is configured to affect the concentration of the second halogen in the second section. Optical fiber embodiments are also included.