Abstract: A surface light source apparatus with dual-side emitting light includes a transparent cathode structure, a transparent anode structure, a fluorescent layer and a low-pressure gas layer. The transparent cathode structure and the transparent anode structure are opposite to each other and respectively a surface structure. The fluorescent layer is located between the transparent cathode structure and the transparent anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer fills a space between the transparent cathode structure and the transparent anode structure and functions to induce the cathode for evenly emitting electrons. In addition, the electron mean free path of the low-pressure gas layer allows at least sufficient electrons to directly impact the fluorescent layer under an operation voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus of light source includes a cathode structure, an anode structure, a fluorescent layer, a secondary electron generating layer, and a low-pressure gas layer. The fluorescent layer is located between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer is filled between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The secondary electron generating layer is located on the cathode structure. The secondary electron generating layer can generate additional secondary electrons to hit the fluorescent layer for improving the performance of the light source.

Abstract: A light source apparatus applicable to a backlight module includes a cathode structure, an anode structure, a fluorescent layer, a secondary electron generation layer, and a low-pressure gas layer. The fluorescent layer is located between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer is filled between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The secondary electron generation layer is disposed on the cathode structure and can generate additional secondary electrons to hit the fluorescent layer for improving the luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A pixel structure of display apparatus includes a first substrate and a second substrate. Several cathode structure layers are disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate is a light-transmissive material. Several anode structure layers are disposed on the second substrate, and are light-transmissive conductive materials. The first substrate faces to the second substrate, so that the cathode structure layers are respectively aligned with the anode structure layers. A separation structure is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, for respective partitioning the anode structure layers and the cathode structure layers to form several spaces. Several fluorescent layers are respectively disposed between the anode structure layers and the cathode structure layers. A low-pressure gas is respectively filled into the spaces.

Abstract: An apparatus of light source includes a cathode structure, an anode structure, a fluorescent layer, and a low-pressure gas layer. The fluorescent layer is located between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer is filled between the cathode structure and the anode structure, and has the function of electric conduction. The low-pressure gas layer has an electron mean free path, allowing most of electrons to directly impact the fluorescent layer under an operation voltage.

Abstract: A discharge field emission device including a cathode an anode, a conductive gas, and a phosphor is provided. The conductive gas is disposed between the cathode and the anode for inducing electrons from the cathode, wherein the conductive gas has a gas pressure between 10?1 torr and 10?3 torr. In addition, the phosphor is disposed on the moving path of the electrons to react with the electrons and emit light. The discharge field emission device has the advantages of high luminescence efficiency and low cost. A light source apparatus and a display apparatus applying the discharge field emission device are also provided.

Abstract: An electron emission light-emitting device includes a cathode structure, an anode structure, a fluorescent layer, and a low-pressure gas layer. The fluorescent layer is located between the cathode structure and the anode structure. The low-pressure gas layer is filled between the cathode structure and the anode structure, having a function of inducing the cathode to emit electron uniformly. The low-pressure gas layer has an electron mean free path, allowing at least sufficient amount of electrons to directly impinge the fluorescent layer under an operation voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array-like flat lighting source, which has an array of field emitter elements. The structure of the array of field emitter elements includes a substrate and a plurality of field emitter elements. The substrate has a plurality of grooves formed thereon and each of the field emitter elements is disposed in one of the grooves. The present field emission lighting source is spacer free, and its upper and lower substrates can be made of a same material to facilitate the maintenance of the vacuum. The array of field emitter elements can have an auxiliary conductive line for repair to guarantee normal operation of the light source if one of electrode lines becomes open.

Abstract: A magnetic force sensing device for a brushless motor includes a drive circuit board mounted inside the casing and located below the stator, a Hall element electrically connected to the drive circuit board, an annular magnet mounted on a rotor casing and located outside the stator, and a magnetic force conducting plate having an area larger than that of the Hall element and being mounted below the drive circuit board to sandwich the Hall element with the annular magnet. Due to the addition of the magnetic force conducting plate below the magnet, magnetic flux from the magnet to the Hall element is increased.

Abstract: A light source for projection system is installed on a projector and employs the field emission property between a cathode and an anode to stimulate a fluorescent powder layer for the same to emit light. The projection light source has sufficient brightness without the problems of producing high amount of heat and short service life. The high brightness of the light source enhances the quality of images projected by the projector and largely increases the economic effects of the projector.

Abstract: A field emission backlight module has a field emission structure with cathode and anode provided on the same plane, so that electrons directly penetrate an independently provided fluorescent powder layer to produce light. The light is emitted uniformly without the need of the conventional optical membrane. Since the light produced by the fluorescent powder layer is not blocked by the anode, the problem of charge accumulation on the fluorescent powder layer is avoided, and it is not necessary to use expensive light-transmittable conducting glass as the anode. With the cathode and the anode located at the same plane, it is not necessary to use a precision spacer to adjust the distance between the cathode and the anode, enabling the module to be manufactured at reduced cost and high good yield. When the color sequential displaying method is adopted, expensive color filters required in the conventional LCD may be omitted.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a substrate, a first conductive layer formed over the substrate biased at a first voltage level, a second conductive layer formed over the substrate biased at a second voltage level different from the first voltage level, emitters formed on the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer for transmitting electrons, and a phosphor layer formed over the substrate and being disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the electrons are transmitted from one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer through the phosphor layer to the other of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a direction substantially orthogonal to the normal direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a smart card body is provided. A first polyurethane layer and an ink layer are sequentially formed on a first polyester substrate. A second polyurethane layer is formed on a transparent second polyester substrate. The transparent second polyester substrate is placed on the first polyester substrate, and the second polyurethane layer is positioned on the ink layer. A thermo-compression process is performed to form cross-links between the polyurethane layers and layers contacting therewith, at a temperature between 90° C. and 200° C. and pressure between 100 kg/cm2 and 220 kg/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a fuel cell combining a stack and a reformer, which comprises a stack having a coupling part and a reformer having a conjugate part. The conjugate part of the reformer may couple to the coupling part of the stack. The full cell according to the present invention reduces the volume, fully utilizes thermal energy, and reduces the use of raw materials to minimize expenses.

Abstract: A fuel cell system has a distributor, at least one catalytic converter for the reformation reaction and a stack. When the fuel cell system has more than two catalytic converters for the reformation reaction a converging chamber can be added into the system to input the hydrogen gas generated by the catalytic converter for the reformation reaction to the stack. Therefore, the present invention can integrate the catalytic converter for the reformation reaction and the stack to reduce both the cost and fuel cell volume, and save fuel.

Abstract: In a preferred aspect of the invention, the upstream sequences of the TIGR protein encoding sequence can be used to diagnose a sensivity to steroids and a risk for glaucoma or ocular hypertensive disorders. Methods, kits, and nucleic acids containing polymorphisms, base substitutions, or base additions located within the upstream region and within protein-encoding regions of the TIGR gene are also provided. The upstream sequences disclosed, including the TIGR promoter regions and those regions possessing functional characterisitics associated with or possesssed by the TIGR gene 5?regulatory region, can also be used to generate cells, vectors, and nucleic acids useful in a variety of diagnostic and prognostic methods and kits as well as therapeutic compounds, compositions, and methods.

Abstract: A solar power module having carbon nanotubes comprises an at-least partial transparent first conducting layer, a second conducting layer for outputting electrons, and a mixing layer for donating and further forwarding electrons and holes excited by the light penetrating through the first conducting layer, in which the mixing layer is sandwiched between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer. The mixing layer further includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes grown from either the first conducting layer or the second conducting layer for forwarding electrons respectively to either the first conducting layer or the second conducting layer.

Abstract: A network link backup system aims to provide network link backup function for electronic equipment (such as a server system, home computer, intelligent home appliance) to maintain normal network operation. The system includes more than one network link module, each including at least one network port, a detection module, a switch unit and a processing module. When the network link module, connected to the electronic equipment, malfunctions, the detection unit generates a control signal to the switch unit, which switches the network path to another backup network link module, to maintain normal network link function of the electronic equipment, thereby enhancing the reliability of the network link of the electronic equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array-like flat lighting source, which has an array of field emitter elements. The structure of the array of field emitter elements includes a substrate and a plurality of field emitter elements. The substrate has a plurality of grooves formed thereon and each of the field emitter elements is disposed in one of the grooves. The present field emission lighting source is spacer free, and its upper and lower substrates can be made of a same material to facilitate the maintenance of the vacuum. The array of field emitter elements can have an auxiliary conductive line for repair to guarantee normal operation of the light source if one of electrode lines becomes open.

Abstract: A photocatalyst carrier comprises a carrier and a photocatalyst, wherein the carrier having a surface is made of an electric conductive material, and the photocatalyst is coated unevenly onto the surface to form a plurality of photocatalyst electrodes. By applying the concept of electronic transmission, the existence probability of the electron-hole pair is increased for enabling the reactant to perform an oxidation-reduction reaction on the photocatalyst and carrier respectively so as to enhance the photocatalyst activity.