Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, having a structure of: wherein A, B and D are each oxygen or sulfur, provided that least one of A, B and D is sulfur; and R1-R8 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, acyl, substituted acyl, acyloxy, substituted acyloxy, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, aryl, substituted aryl, amino, substituted amino, halogen, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, or a thio-containing group.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating or preventing an oxidative stress-related disease in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) to the mammal, wherein R1-R4 and X1-X3 are as described herein. Examples of the oxidative stress-related diseases are a neurological disorder, a cardiovascular disorder, and a wound.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogues and tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogues, to pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and to methods of treatment using these compounds. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable esters, amides, and salts of such compounds. The invention further provides a method of reducing or delaying apoptosis in a population of cells, comprising contacting the population of cells with a tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogue or a tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogue, thereby reducing or delaying apoptosis in the population of cells.

Abstract: Thalidomide analogs that modulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) activity and angiogenesis are disclosed. In particularly disclosed embodiments, the thalidomide analogs are isosteric sulfur-containing analogs. Also disclosed are methods of treating a subject with the analogs.

Abstract: Described is the efficient synthesis of an easy to manipulate and utilize, soluble tartrate salt of a potent, reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, (?)-(3aS)-3a-methyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol-5-yl N—4?-isopropylphenylcarbamate (“MHI tartrate”), for use in altering the enzymatic activity of butyrylcholinesterase and/or acetylcholinesterase in a subject exhibiting or predicted to exhibit cognitive disorders associated with diabetes. Subjects may be suffering from or predicted to suffer from abnormal acetylcholinesterase and/or butyrylcholinesterase activity levels or from an inability to metabolize or catabolize blood sugar normally. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of MHI tartrate dispensable in discrete pharmaceutically useful dosages. MHI tartrate effectively inhibits both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterases and additionally is highly selective for butyrylcholinesterase over acetylcholinesterase.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogues and tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogues, to pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and to methods of treatment using these compounds. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable esters, amides, and salts of such compounds. The invention further provides a method of reducing or delaying apoptosis in a population of cells, comprising contacting the population of cells with a tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogue or a tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogue, thereby reducing or delaying apoptosis in the population of cells.

Abstract: A method for treating cognitive impairments associated with aging or Alzheimer's disease which comprises treating a patient at risk for having the cognitive impairment with an effective amount of a highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor which is N8-benzylnorcymserine, N1-phenethylnorcymserine, N1, N8-bisnorcymserine, N1-N8-bisbenzylnorphysostigmine, N1, N8-bisbenzylnorphenserine, N1, N8-bisbenzylnorcymserine, or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof.