Abstract: An egress traffic disambiguation system receives a request with source egress location metadata identifying the source egress location. The source egress location can include authentication context data and local area subnetwork identifying metadata. The egress traffic disambiguation system disambiguates the source location of the request and provides the source location to a traffic data aggregation system which aggregates the request to the identified source location.

Abstract: A network entity for media unit (MU) information detection of a packet in a flow includes at least one processor. The flow includes a plurality of packet sets, and each packet set carries an MU that requires the same treatment in the network. The at least one processor of the network entity obtains at least one of application-level information of the flow, and ground-truth MU information of the packet, where the application-level information of the flow has information regarding an application-specific setting and/or a network-specific setting related to the flow. One or more MU detection criteria are generated for the flow based on the at least one of the application-level information of the flow and the ground-truth MU information of the packet, wherein the one or more MU detection criteria are usable to detect MU information of the packet of the flow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and communication apparatuses. One example method includes receiving a request message from a service request network element, where the request message is used to request information about a target data analytics network element, the request message includes a first analytics identifier and information about a first service, and the target data analytics network element supports an analytics type corresponding to the first analytics identifier and the first service, determining the target data analytics network element based on the first analytics identifier, the information about the first service, and association information between the first analytics identifier and the first service that corresponds to the target data analytics network element, and sending information about the target data analytics network element to the service request network element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a control entity, a network entity, and an application function (AF) for event-based traffic handling. The disclosure proposes a control entity that is configured to: obtain event-based handling information related to an application, wherein the event-based handling information indicates one or more trigger events, and one or more traffic treatments and/or treatment configurations corresponding to each trigger event; determine an event-based handling configuration based on the event-based handling information; and provide the event-based handling configuration to the network entity, wherein the event-based handling configuration indicates the network entity to perform event-based traffic handling for traffic from the application. This disclosure further proposes a network entity configured to obtain the event-based handling configuration, and perform event-based traffic handling for traffic from the application, based on the event-based handling configuration.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a first network entity is configured to provide analytics serving area information to a second network entity of a mobile communication network, where the analytics serving area information is based on a spatial area of analytics generated by the first network entity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the generation of analytics information in a mobile network. To this end, the invention proposes network entities and corresponding methods that support the analytics generation. In particular, the network entities and methods facilitate the gathering of information required for the analytics generation. In particular, a network entity for analytics generation is configured to obtain network slice association (NSA information and/or user plane association (UPA) information from one or more other network entities, wherein the NSA information indicates a relation between an Access Network (AN) property and a Core Network (CN) property, and the UPA information indicates a network entity configured to transmit data traffic to and/or from a user equipment in the network. Further, the network entity is configured to provide analytics information, the analytics information being based on the obtained NSA information and/or UPA information.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a COF aerogel composite for PFAS treatment, preparation method and application thereof, which falls within the field of pollutant adsorption. The composite comprises the following components: 68.18%-70% COF material, 22.73%-90.91% Chitosan solution, and 9.09% trialdehyde phloroglucinol solution. The COF material consists of ETTA (0.0764 mmol, 30 mg), a side functional monomer (0.1528 mmol), and an o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol solvent (3 mL), wherein the volume ratio of o-dichlorobenzene to n-butanol in the solvent is 1:1, the side functional monomer includes 0.025 mmol TFTDA and 0.127 mmol BFBIM, and the resulting material is designated as COF-F1N5. The series of COF/aerogels synthesized in this present disclosure exhibit ultralight weight, compression resistance, high stability, and minimal specific surface area loss. This overcomes the application limitations of COF powders, facilitates recyclability, and demonstrates excellent adsorption performance toward PFAS.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and communication apparatuses. One example method includes receiving a request message from a service request network element, where the request message is used to request information about a target data analytics network element, the request message includes a first analytics identifier and information about a first service, and the target data analytics network element supports an analytics type corresponding to the first analytics identifier and the first service. The target data analytics network element is determined based on the first analytics identifier, the information about the first service, and association information between the first analytics identifier and the first service that corresponds to the target data analytics network element. Information about the target data analytics network element is sent to the service request network element.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a first network entity for a mobile communication network. The first network entity is configured to: provide registration information to a second network entity of the mobile communication network, wherein the registration information is based on a scope of generated analytics, the scope of generated analytics defining the capability of the first entity to generate analytics information.

Abstract: Disclosed are an auto exposure control system and an image calibration method. The system comprises a main control unit and a plurality of auto exposure units, wherein the main control unit is connected to each of the auto exposure units; and the auto exposure units are in cascading connection. According to the system, detection of each X-ray source is realized by means of auto exposure units, such that an energy accumulation value and a KV level of X-rays are obtained; and when the energy accumulation value of X-rays reaches an energy threshold value, an auto exposure control signal is sent to a main control unit, such that the main control unit adjusts an exposure time sequence according to the auto exposure control signal, the aim of auto exposure control is achieved.

Abstract: Related to telecommunications, a method and system include a control-plane (CP) entity and a user-plane (UP) entity. The CP entity is configured to generate a first list and a second list, and send the first list and the second list to the UP entity. The first list indicates a plurality of network events and a plurality of corresponding actions that the UP entity is allowed to perform. The second list indicates a plurality of network functions for notifying the UP entity of the plurality of network events. The UP entity is configured to send one or more subscription requests for subscribing to one or more of the plurality of network events based on the first list and the second list. When receiving a network event trigger, the UP entity may be configured to take a corresponding action in accordance with the first list.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to extended reality (XR) applications and services. The disclosure is concerned with managing quality of service (QoS) of flows of a multi-user (XR) application, wherein multiple users of the application are located in different networks or network regions or different groups of control plane entities. A multi-user QoS policy that defines information to be used for the management of two or more flows of the multi-user application is established. The multi-user QoS policy is employed by a control plane entity for managing QoS of a first set of one or more flows of the multi-user application, or a session management entity for supporting the management of QoS of at least one flow two or more flows of a multi-user application. Further, the disclosure also provides corresponding methods and computer programs.

Abstract: A network entity is proposed for controlling the use, by a user equipment, of network slices of a communication network comprising a plurality of slice support areas. Each slice support area comprises at least one cell, and all cells of a given slice support area support the same network slices. A registration area for the registration of the user equipment with the communication network comprises at least one slice support area. The network entity is adapted to transmit, to the user equipment, slice support information for at least one slice support area of the communication network. The slice support information for a given slice support area indicates at least one network slice supported by the given slice support area and/or at least one network slice not supported by the given slice support area.

Abstract: A first entity for a communication network is provided. The first entity is configured to receive a feature mapping indication from a second entity of the communication network. The feature mapping indication comprises characteristics of a relationship between a set of data samples and properties of data in the data samples of the set of data samples for an analytics model at an analytics stage, wherein the feature mapping indication comprises a request for a feature mapping data structure. The feature mapping data structure includes a second set of data samples based on the relationship between the set of data samples and the properties of the data in the data samples of the set of data samples for use with the analytics model at the analytics stage for an analytics consumer.

Abstract: This disclosure proposes a control plane entity and a user control plane entity for supporting quality of service for service traffic requiring in-network computation. The control plane entity receives a service description, one or more service requirements, and INC information. It segments the service data flow into a plurality of segments based on the INC information, the segments being linked by application layer computing operations to be performed on the service data flow. It selects at least one user plane entity based on the INC information for performing an application layer computing operation, determines QoS parameters for each segment, and provides QoS configuration information according to the QoS parameters to the at least one user plane entity. The at least one user plane entity performs the application layer processing operation on the service data flow, and enforces the QoS parameters based on the QoS configuration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to external services provided to a network. One example method includes: obtaining a clone service invocation request from an other network entity, wherein the clone service invocation request includes clone service invocation information of a clone of a service provided by an external network entity, and providing a service invocation request to the external network entity, wherein the service invocation request includes service invocation information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a user equipment, UE (1), for a cellular network, a plurality of control plane network functions (2-4) of the cellular network, and corresponding methods (5-8) of operating the same. The UE (1) is configured to discover (12) an edge application service, EAS, of the cellular network, wherein the EAS comprises an in-network computing service being based on a network function entity, cNF (4), in a core network of the cellular network. The UE (1) is further configured to establish (13) a protocol data unit, PDU, session being based on the discovered EAS. This enables application service providers (ASP) to deploy in-network application logic (IN-AL) in the 3GPP core network domain for their own application services.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to handover (HO) of a user equipment (UE), which consumes a quality of service (QoS) flow that is associated with multiple QoS profiles. The disclosure proposes a network entity for supporting HO of the UE, and proposes a second network entity that is the target of HO of the UE. The network entity is configured to: obtain multiple QoS profiles associated with a QoS flow; obtain QoS capability information indicating whether the second network entity supports more than one QoS profile and/or whether a first network entity supports more than one QoS profile; and provide at least one message to the second network entity, wherein the at least one message includes at least one QoS profile according to the QoS capability information.

Abstract: A network entity is proposed for controlling the use, by a user equipment, of network slices of a communication network comprising a plurality of slice support areas. Each slice support area comprises at least one cell, and all cells of a given slice support area support the same network slices. A registration area for the registration of the user equipment with the communication network comprises at least one slice support area. The network entity is adapted to transmit, to the user equipment, slice support information for at least one slice support area of the communication network. The slice support information for a given slice support area indicates at least one network slice supported by the given slice support area and/or at least one network slice not supported by the given slice support area.

Abstract: An edge computing entity manages an edge computing system. The edge computing entity has processors coupled to a memory, which, alone or in combination, are configured to execute a method. The method includes obtaining topology information of the edge computing system; and exposing the topology information to a network exposure function or a policy control function of a third generation partnership project (3GPP) system. The topology information includes a weight of each of a plurality of edge data centers in the edge computing system. The edge computing system belongs to a non-3GPP system.