Abstract: A preamble-based collision detection mechanism for use in wireless local area networks (WLANS), having one or more full-duplex (FD) stations. In addition, a new collision resolution estimation and scheduling mechanism is described for prioritized communication. These techniques can allow for more rapid collision detection and resolution, without the need of performing self-interference (SI) estimation. The techniques includes use of orthogonal preambles, in the time domain and/or frequency domain, into which FD stations embed priority information.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of polymers, and relates to biaxially oriented polypropylene dielectric film, a modified polypropylene material and use thereof. The preparation raw materials of the biaxially oriented polypropylene dielectric film comprise a modified polypropylene grafted with an alkenyl-containing functional monomer. The modified polypropylene grafted with an alkenyl-containing functional monomer comprises a structural unit derived from polypropylene as a matrix phase and a structural unit derived from an alkenyl-containing functional monomer as a dispersion phase. The ash content of the modified polypropylene grafted with an alkenyl-containing functional monomer is less than 50 ppm.

Abstract: A wireless protocol for providing smooth roaming when a non-Access Point (non-AP) Multi-Link Device (MLD) roams between Basic Service Sets (BSSs). One or more links of a roaming non-AP MLD can be in the process of communicating latency sensitive traffic during a R-TWT SP of a first BSS while roaming to a target BSS. Negotiation is made with the AP MLD of the target BSS so that upon completion of roaming to the target BSS, one or more links of the roaming non-AP MLD are allowed to use a predetermined/enhanced R-TWT SP of the target BSS without further negotiation.

Abstract: An application-level memory control group of a first application may be created when the first application is opened. An anonymous page of the first application is added to a least recently used linked list of the application-level memory control group, and a file page of the first application is added to a global least recently used linked list. An application-level memory control group is created in a dimension of an application, and an anonymous page of the application is managed in a refined manner. In addition, a file page of the application-level memory control group may be managed based on a global least recently used linked list.

Abstract: A coordinated form of R-TWT SP scheduling taking into account the needs of non-AP STAs in adjacent BSS. A flag in the BSSID field is used to indicate if the AP is represented by the BSSID is a UHR AP. Mechanisms are described to support coordinated R-TWTs and the operation of UHR devices supporting these coordinated R-TWT. The protocol for UHR AP and UHR non-AP STAs allows for identifying possible interference with the OBSS, directly rescheduling, or performing negotiation with the UHR AP of the OBSS for scheduling the R-TWT SP.

Abstract: A wireless protocol performing Restricted Target Wait Time (R-TWT) signaling and its parameters to reduce latency, such as for real-time application traffic. Further control of traffic flow is provided during the R-TWT Service Period (SP), including whether: R-TWT SP can be extended, multiple overlapped R-TWT SPs on different links can be started, spatial reuse is required during R-TWT SP, allowance of transmission outside R-TWT SP, or use of Quiet element to protect R-TWT SP, whereby R-TWT operation (mode) is described with enhanced operations. Protocol is applicable to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), and is especially well suited for 802.11be 802.11ax, Real-Time Application (RTA) traffic such as on time sensitive networks, Wi-Fi and on Multi-Link Devices (MLDs).

Abstract: A wireless communications protocol for enabling legacy (non-EHT) stations (STAs) to operate on the conditional link of the Soft AP MLD. Legacy devices can connect and setup link connections on the conditional link, and the scheduler is configured to allow legacy STAs to use the conditional link if there is no IDC interference issue at the soft AP MLD. This enhanced protocol utilizes either a cooperative HCCA schedule created for simultaneous transmission and reception over the basic link and conditional link, or an adaptive polling-based scheduling performed for the conditional link in response to the link status of the basic link.

Abstract: A wide-field microscopy system and method for imaging a sample include directing infrared light onto the sample to selectively heat the sample. Probe light is also directed onto the sample. An objective collects the probe light after it interacts with the sample. The collected probe light is detected at a detector. A relative distance between the objective and sample is adjusted to introduce an optical defocus enhancement to enhance detection of a change in detected probe light that is indicative of infrared absorption by the sample.

Abstract: Provided is a real-time estimation method for a surface lithium concentration of an electrode active material of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises: obtaining an electric current sequence and a temperature sequence of a battery port and a basic parameter of an electrode active material, and calculating a surface lithium concentration, the average lithium concentration and an initial value of a transient variable of the electrode active material in a diffusion process; at the beginning of the current time period, calculating a surface reaction ion flux and a diffusion coefficient of the electrode active material and a time constant of the transient variable of lithium in the active material in the diffusion process; at the end of the current time period, calculating the transient variable of the active material in the diffusion process and the average lithium concentration of the active material.

Abstract: This invention relates to an unnatural amino acid-based ionic liquid, and preparation methods and applications thereof. It specifically provides a combination for preparing a protein comprising an unnatural amino acid, comprising: (1) one or more aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases capable of binding to a mutated tRNA; (2) one or more mutated tRNAs with an anti-codon loop mutated to complement a termination codon; (3) various unnatural amino acid-based ionic liquids. The combination can be used for recombinant expression of a target protein comprising an unnatural amino acid. The unnatural amino acid-based ionic liquids can improve the read-through efficiency of the genetic codon expansion system for a premature termination codon (PTC) and/or the incorporation efficiency of unnatural amino acids.

Abstract: A method for estimating a reactive ion flux and a potential inside a lithium-ion battery includes: obtaining states and parameters of a battery port and points to be analyzed inside the battery required for calculation; calculating reaction parameters of the points to be analyzed inside the battery; calculating a spatial distribution function of a reactive ion flux inside the battery; and calculating a spatial distribution function of a potential of an electrolyte inside the battery.

Abstract: An exception handling machine is configured to receive a first document from a source document processing system and provide a first revised document to a destination document processing system. The exception handling machine is configured to detect an exception flag in at least one data field of the first document and determine at least one exception handling rule for the first document based on at least one other data field in the first document and the exception flag, determine an exception code corresponding to the exception handling rule, insert the exception code into the first document to generate the first revised document, and provide the first revised document to the destination document processing system. The destination document processing system is programmed to respond to the exception code inserted in the revised first document by providing the first revised document to a client device connected to the destination document processing system.

Abstract: Wireless protocol enhancements are provided for allowing inter-BSS stations/APs to support, negotiate and participate in cooperative R-TWT SPs that are overlapped in time and are scheduled on different links or different channels to avoid the inter-BSS interference of prioritized traffic that has been scheduled to transmitted during the corresponding R-TWT SPs. The protocol makes use of new subfield elements toward informing, negotiating and supporting the cooperative R-TWT SPs.

Abstract: Present TID-to-link (T2L) mapping is limited in to only mapping the UL and/or DL direction. Mechanisms are taught for providing T2L mapping for TDLS link, while R-TWT features can be extended to setup R-TWT membership on a TDLS link. Using the T2L mapping for a TDLS link, different traffic with different priorities can be differentiated and directed on different TDLS direct links to reduce interference on any single link and to allocate the RTA traffic to channels which have wider bandwidths and less traffic congestion.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol allowing a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) holder, whether its an AP or non-AP STA, to share the TXOP with other stations, that are either AP or non-AP STAs. An intent to share the TXOP is communicated by the TXOP holder either directly or indirectly with other STAs and/or AP, after which scheduling information (time and duration) are shared with the STAs and/or AP. When the TXOP occurs, the STAs and/or AP can access the channel at the time and for the duration specified, thus providing increased use of the TXOP to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A Central Unit (CU) is connected to multiple Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) over a backhaul. The spatial separation of units creates long round-trip times, which are addressed in the present disclosure. The enhanced operation allows for counting down a BackOff (BO) on either the RRH side or on the CU side. RRHs that perform the BO procedure can resolve the issue of insufficient InterFrame Space (IFS) time for the RRH to obtain Data from the CU and to invoke a BO. In addition, RRHs that perform the BO procedures are able to reduce channel access contention when multiple RRHs are performing BOs, while utilization efficiency for the medium can also be increased by the improved synchronization of BO and Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) status between the CU and RRHs.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol having a non-zero backoff procedure which is bounded by setting a backoff counter to a random value greater than or equal to at least one backoff slot in starting to contend for a channel. This is preferably utilized in combination with setting the Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS) time to an amount less than that utilized for a legacy backoff. The parameters controlling the non-zero backoff may be set by the station performing the contention, or by an associated Access Point (AP), or in response to negotiation between the station and the AP. In some cases the station can switch between enabling and disabling the non-zero backoff procedure during different periods of time.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a distributed dispatch method for ubiquitous power Internet of Things based on a transition matrix. The ubiquitous power Internet of Things includes generators. The method includes: S1, setting a marginal cost function of each of the generators, and extracting key cost parameters in the marginal cost function; S2, establishing an optimization model based on the key cost parameters of each of the generators and a communication topology of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things, and solving the optimization model to obtain an optimized transition matrix; and S3, generating a plan of a power output of each of the generators based on the optimized transition matrix and a distributed dispatch protocol to perform a distributed dispatch.

Abstract: Protocol enhancements for IEEE 802.11 handling of Buffer Status Reports (BSRs) to provide real-time information on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. A non-AP STA can report QoS status about portions of a buffer, which then allows the AP to schedule transmissions for those buffers toward satisfying their QoS requirements. The non-AP STA can also change parameters of the QoS characteristics element of an existing SCS to allow the AP to schedule transmission for the SCS traffic with the new parameters immediately. The non-AP STA can also report on buffers that should soon arrive to allow the AP to trigger the transmission before those buffers arrive. Additional benefits are also provided.