Abstract: Full-duplex (FD) enhancements for three scenarios with multiple APs/BSSs. (1) Multiple-AP joint transmissions on a WLAN. Toward eliminating self-interferences and other issues, certain pilot signals in the PPDU are transmitted only by the primary AP. One or more secondary APs participating in the joint transmission receive the pilots to correct their clock in the following symbols. (2) Communications are performed with extended OFDM symbols sent on a second channel which facilitate NAV decoding for stations transmitting on a first channel. (3) More than one AP can perform a joint Ack/BA to a UL PPDU. The secondary AP may utilize its full duplex capability to determine the difference of receiving status between itself and the primary AP, and forward data to the primary which it had not received.

Abstract: A wireless communication protocol using CSMA/CA, EDCA and R-TWT to prioritize RTA traffic transmissions. During an R-TWT SP, the RTA traffic is prioritized for transmission and mechanisms are provided for assuring proper indications and termination of the R-TWT SP. During this process, member STAs communicate with the R-TWT scheduling AP when they have no more frames to send. The R-TWT scheduling AP can also terminate the R-TWT SP before its scheduled end time, allowing non-member STAs to immediately contend for the channel. In addition, the R-TWT scheduling AP can exchange frames with STAs, that have an R-TWT feature but are not R-TWT member STAs, after frame exchanges with the R-TWT member STAs during the R-TWT SP have been completed.

Abstract: A wireless communications protocol in which multiple-link operations provide enhanced efficiency in particular for non-simultaneous transmit receive (NSTR) communications between stations (STAs) of multiple-link devices (MLDs). When MLD1 is the TXOP holder of Link1 and the channel is accessed on Link2 by MLD2 for transmitting to MLD1; MLD2 immediately transmits over Link2 to MLD1, if MLD1 is receiving on Link1. MLD2 transmits a frame over Link2 to occupy the channel if MLD1 is transmitting on Link1, then when MLD1 is receiving on Link1 then MLD2 transmits another frame to MLD1.

Abstract: A method of estimating employee turnover rates obtains original employee data from a preset data source. First data processing is applied to the original employee data to obtain first processed employee data. A training set and a first verification set are selected from the first processed employee data. The training set is used to train a machine learning model to obtain a turnover estimation model. The first verification set is used to verify the turnover estimation model to obtain a first estimation result. The turnover estimation model is optimized according to the first estimation result to obtain an optimized turnover estimation model. Updated employee data and a corresponding employee turnover rate of a second time period are obtained. The method helps to replenish manpower in time and avoids over-recruitment.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol allowing a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) holder to share the TXOP with other stations. An intent to share the TXOP is communicated to the Access Point (AP). Upon gaining channel access, the TXOP holder directly or indirectly communicates that the TXOP can be shared with other STAs, after which scheduling information (time and duration) are shared with the STAs. When the TXOP occurs, the STAs can access the channel at the time and for the duration specified, thus providing increased use of the TXOP to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A wireless communications protocol for enabling legacy (non-EHT) stations (STAs) to operate on the conditional link of the Soft AP MLD. Legacy devices can connect and setup link connections on the conditional link, and the scheduler is configured to allow legacy STAs to use the conditional link if there is no IDC interference issue at the soft AP MLD. This enhanced protocol utilizes either a cooperative HCCA schedule created for simultaneous transmission and reception over the basic link and conditional link, or an adaptive polling-based scheduling performed for the conditional link in response to the link status of the basic link.

Abstract: A wireless protocol performing Restricted Target Wait Time (R-TWT) signaling and its parameters to reduce latency, such as for real-time application traffic. Further control of traffic flow is provided during the R-TWT Service Period (SP), including whether: R-TWT SP can be extended, multiple overlapped R-TWT SPs on different links can be started, spatial reuse is required during R-TWT SP, allowance of transmission outside R-TWT SP, or use of Quiet element to protect R-TWT SP, whereby R-TWT operation (mode) is described with enhanced operations. Protocol is applicable to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), and is especially well suited for 802.11be 802.11ax, Real-Time Application (RTA) traffic such as on time sensitive networks, Wi-Fi and on Multi-Link Devices (MLDs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mutated virus. Said virus can be an influenza virus of human or other animal origin. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the mutated virus, the method comprising introducing UAG codons into positions upstream of the stop codons per se of one or more genes of a viral genome by reverse genetic techniques. The present invention further relates to uses of the mutated virus, for example, as a live attenuated vaccine, or in replication of controllable and safe virus models, and the like.

Abstract: An IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol which allows a non-Access Point Multi-Link Device (non-AP MLD) to access a soft AP MLD (e.g., an MLD which is not configured for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STR)) over a conditional link (Link2) when the primary/basic link (Link1) is occupied by another STA/MLD. Additional frame exchanges are described between MLDs to facilitate the Non-AP MLD's ability to accessing the the soft AP MLD. Utilizing the approach can increase overall network throughput in a single BSS or OBSS.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol having a non-zero backoff procedure which is bounded by setting a backoff counter to a random value greater than or equal to at least one backoff slot in starting to contend for a channel. This is preferably utilized in combination with setting the Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS) time to an amount less than that utilized for a legacy backoff. The parameters controlling the non-zero backoff may be set by the station performing the contention, or by an associated Access Point (AP), or in response to negotiation between the station and the AP. In some cases the station can switch between enabling and disabling the non-zero backoff procedure during different periods of time.

Abstract: A communication circuit and protocol for a wireless local area network (WLAN) using single EDCA and/or Multiple-User (MU) EDCA in which frames for Real Time Applications (RTA) can utilize shared Transmit Opportunities (TXOPs) to reduce transmission latencies. The protocol is configured in a number of ways to ensure communication fairness, such as by ensuring a minimum required channel resource is provided for transmitting frames from the primary AC during the TXOP. AP MLDs and non-AP MLDs are also supported and can exchange information on distinguishing traffic streams from other traffic streams having the same Traffic Identifier (TID), in determining which links to use for transmitting the traffic stream.

Abstract: Enhanced Multi-Link Operation (MLO) is performed in this protocol in which non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) Multi-Link Devices (MLDs) cooperate with each other in sharing a portion of their available Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) toward reducing contention and competition for channel access across the group of cooperating MLDs. The shared TXOP is performed at an MLD level after all links for an NSTR MLD are obtained by stations which do not need to be in part of the same NSTR MLD, thus synchronized transmissions and receptions are performed which eliminate in-device coexistence (IDC) interference in any single NSTR MLD. The time gap while awaiting for all links to be obtained, is also made use of for performing transmission(s) toward increasing data throughput.

Abstract: A wireless network communications protocol to allow sharing transmit opportunities (TXOP) in the same basic service set (BSS), or an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) over at least one channel. Sharing offer and request information is exchanged with an access point (AP) station, which shares this with APs on overlapping BSSs. Information is exchanged between stations advertising that a coming TXOP is available to be shared, and identifying stations that are willing to join it. Resource unit (RU) distributions are determined for the participant stations to use in sharing the TXOP, while the AP of the OBSS performs scheduling and distribution of RUs for stations in the OBSS.

Abstract: An image to be processed is acquired. At least one candidate pixel on the target to be tracked is determined based on a current pixel on a target to be tracked in the image to be processed. An evaluated value of the at least one candidate pixel is acquired based on the current pixel, the at least one candidate pixel, and a preset true value of the target to be tracked. A next pixel of the current pixel is acquired by performing tracking on the current pixel according to the evaluated value of the at least one candidate pixel.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol allowing a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) holder to share the TXOP with other stations (STAs) residing in either the same Basic Service Set (BSS) of the TXOP holder, or in an other BSS (OBSS). An intent to share the TXOP is communicated to the Access Point (AP), and/or directly to other STAs. Scheduling information (time and duration) are shared with the STAs either directly, or through one or more APs. When the TXOP occurs, the STAs can access the channel at the time and for the duration specified, thus providing increased use of the TXOP to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol allowing a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) holder, whether its an AP or non-AP STA, to share the TXOP with other stations, that are either AP or non-AP STAs. An intent to share the TXOP is communicated by the TXOP holder either directly or indirectly with other STAs and/or AP, after which scheduling information (time and duration) are shared with the STAs and/or AP. When the TXOP occurs, the STAs and/or AP can access the channel at the time and for the duration specified, thus providing increased use of the TXOP to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A circuit board detection method includes obtaining an input circuit board image, performing a detection on designated components of a circuit board in the circuit board image according to a preset detection method, determining whether a designated component in the circuit board image that fails the detection is allowed to shift within a preset angle range, and determining that the circuit board passes the detection when the designated component that fails the detection is allowed to shift within the preset angle range. The designated components include one or both of silkscreened components and non-silkscreened components.

Abstract: A method for adjusting furnace temperature of a reflow oven by AI, through obtaining product data of the reflow oven, obtaining initial characteristic data of a preceding work station and calculating mean values of temperatures of an upper furnace and a lower furnace, and taking the mean values as initial reflow characteristic data. Data as to first reflow characteristics of each reflow temperature zone and second reflow characteristics data of each zone are obtained, and data of the first and second reflow characteristics data are obtained. The electronic device further combines the characteristic data of the preceding work station with the combined reflow characteristics and combines results into a trained neural network model to output a temperature prediction, the oven temperature being adjusted according to the temperature prediction.

Abstract: A wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol allowing a Transmit Opportunity (TXOP) holder to share the TXOP with other stations acting cooperatively. An intent to share the TXOP is communicated to other stations that a TXOP is available for sharing, and notifying the Access Point (AP) station of the stations willing to join that TXOP. When the TXOP occurs, the stations can access the channel over different frequency domain simultaneously and for the duration specified, thus providing increased use of the TXOP to improve efficiency.

Abstract: A WiFi communications mechanism in which simultaneous transmission is negotiated and beamforming communications performed towards at least one station (STA), while nulling is performed towards one or more other access points (APs) to reduce interference. Omni-directional transmissions are utilized in a manner to overcome preamble interferences, which is used in combination with synchronizing symbol intervals to eliminate interference from symbol transitions. The enhanced simultaneous transmission protocol allows two APs to transmit simultaneously without interfering with one another.