Abstract: Non-volatile memory systems such as those using NAND FLASH technology have a property that a memory location can be written to only once prior to being erased, and a contiguous group of memory locations need to be erased simultaneously. The process of recovering space that is no longer being used for storage of current data, called garbage collection, may interfere with the rapid access to data in other memory locations of the memory system during the erase period. The effects of garbage collection on system performance may be mitigated by performing portions of the process contemporaneously with the user initiated reading and writing operations. The memory circuits and the data may also be configured such that the data is stored in stripes of a RAID array and the scheduling of the erase operations may be arranged so that the erase operations for garbage collection are hidden from the user operations.

Abstract: A memory system is described, where a plurality of memory modules is connected to a memory controller. Erase operations of the memory modules are coordinated by the memory controller such that, when data is stored in a group of memory modules configured to be a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent “Disks”) group, erase or refresh operations performed on the memory modules of the RAID group are synchronized, scheduled, or controlled to reduce the latency in reading the data stored on the RAID modules.

Abstract: Non-volatile memory systems such as those using NAND FLASH technology have a property that a memory location can be written to only once prior to being erased, and a contiguous group of memory locations need to be erased simultaneously. The process of recovering space that is no longer being used for storage of current data, called garbage collection, may interfere with the rapid access to data in other memory locations of the memory system during the erase period. The effects of garbage collection on system performance may be mitigated by performing portions of the process contemporaneously with the user initiated reading and writing operations. The memory circuits and the data may also be configured such that the data is stored in stripes of a RAID array and the scheduling of the erase operations may be arranged so that the erase operations for garbage collection are hidden from the user operations.

Abstract: A memory system and method of operating the same is described, where the memory system is used to store data in a RAIDed manner. The stored data may be retrieved, including the parity data so that the stored data is recovered when the first of either the stored data without the parity data, or the stored data from all but one memory module and the parity data, has been received. The writing of data, for low write data loads, is managed such that only one of the memory modules of a RAID stripe is being written to, or erased, during a time interval.

Abstract: A memory system and method of operating the same is described, where the memory system is used to store data in a RAIDed manner. The stored data may be retrieved, including the parity data so that the stored data is recovered when the first of either the stored data without the parity data, or the stored data from all but one memory module and the parity data, has been received. The writing of data, for low write data loads, is managed such that only one of the memory modules of a RAID stripe is being written to, or erased, during a time interval.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the identification of an individual likely to have steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). The disclosed methods may include detection a plurality of proteins. The plurality of proteins may include, for example, Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP), Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein 2 (AGP-2), Fetuin A, prealbumin, and NGAL in a urine sample obtained from said individual. The methods may further include detection of Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein 1 (AGP-1), Alpha-1 B Glycoprotein (A1BG), Thyroxine binding globulin, hemopexin, and alpha-2 macroglobulin.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of determining whether a patient diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) or steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) by determining the levels of one or more biomarkers in a biofluid from the patient. Also disclosed are methods of treating a patient diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and kits and substrates related to the disclosed methods.

Abstract: Variable angle holes in bone plates that are structured to facilitate the formation of axial compression or tension of a bone, or which can assist in bone distraction. The variable angle hole can extend about a central axis and includes an inwardly extending wedge wall. The variable angle hole can be sized to receive insertion of a fixation element at a location at which a central longitudinal axis of the fixation element is axially offset from the central axis of the variable angle hole by an offset distance at least when the fixation element is initially driven into bone at least in a transverse direction. The wedge wall can be configured to be engaged by a portion of the fixation element in a manner that axially displaces at least one of the bone plate, the fixation element, and/or bone(s) in a direction that can generally reduce or increase the offset distance.

Abstract: An apparatus to test an Ethernet powered device includes a processor including a power negotiation supervisor, a DC power source, a first interface having an Ethernet medium dependent interface and a coupling circuit that inserts DC power onto one or more wire pairs of the first interface. The apparatus further includes a first bridging circuit, a measuring circuit to measure characteristics of DC power delivered to Ethernet powered device. The DC power source is configurable over a range of voltage levels including a plurality of operating voltages which are applied to the Ethernet powered device and the power negotiation supervisor processes power negotiation protocol messages.

Abstract: Systems to assess pair-to-pair unbalance characteristics of an Ethernet powered device (PD) and pair-to-pair unbalance characteristics of an Ethernet power source (PSE) include a controller, a pair of controlled electrical resistance circuits each having a DC current measurement circuit to measure pair-to-pair unbalance and a calibration circuit.

Abstract: In one aspect, information of multiple anchor points is received and stored. The information of each anchor point includes Global Positioning System (GPS) data of a particular location and radio frequency (RF) data that was obtained at a device at the particular location. A geo coordinate is determined for an indoor location based on the RF data obtained at the indoor location and the information of the anchor points. Various embodiments pertain to software, systems, devices and methods relating to anchor points and/or the obtaining of a geo coordinate for a location.

Abstract: A system for providing mobile advertisement actions may include a memory to store a request, mobile carrier data, mobile advertisement data, and mobile advertisement action data. The system may include an interface operatively connected to the memory to communicate with a mobile device. The system may include a processor operatively connected to the memory and the interface. The processor may receive information and a request from the mobile device via the interface and may determine the mobile carrier data relating to a mobile carrier associated with the mobile device. The processor may identify the mobile advertisement data and the mobile advertisement action targeted to the request and the mobile carrier data. The processor may append the mobile advertisement action data to the mobile advertisement data. The processor may provide the mobile advertisement data with the appended mobile advertisement action data to the mobile device via the interface.

Abstract: A system and method for storing compressed data in a memory system includes identifying user data to be compressed and compressing pages of user data to form data extents that are less than or equal to the uncompressed data. A plurality of compressed pages are combined to a least fill a page of the memory. The data may be stored as sectors of a page, where each sector includes a CRC or error correcting code for the compressed data of that sector. The stored data may also include error correcting code data for the uncompressed page and error correcting code for the compressed page. When data is read in response to a user request, the sector data is validated using the CRC prior to selecting the data from the read sectors for decompression, and the error correcting code for the uncompressed page may be used to validate the decompressed data.

Abstract: A system for providing mobile advertisement actions may include a memory to store a request, mobile carrier data, mobile advertisement data, and mobile advertisement action data. The system may include an interface operatively connected to the memory to communicate with a mobile device. The system may include a processor operatively connected to the memory and the interface. The processor may receive information and a request from the mobile device via the interface and may determine the mobile carrier data relating to a mobile carrier associated with the mobile device. The processor may identify the mobile advertisement data and the mobile advertisement action targeted to the request and the mobile carrier data. The processor may append the mobile advertisement action data to the mobile advertisement data. The processor may provide the mobile advertisement data with the appended mobile advertisement action data to the mobile device via the interface.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a method for determining the location of a device is described. The method involves using one or more signal emitting platforms, which are capable of performing a wide variety of operations. In some embodiments, for example, the signal emitting platform is capable of physical movement. Various embodiments relate to signal emitting platforms, devices, systems, servers, computer code, methods and techniques for determining the location of a device.

Abstract: A memory system and a method for managing the system is described. The system is configured such a plurality of system controllers, which may be RAID controllers, receive requests from the external environment and distribute the requests to a plurality of memory modules such that data may be stored in the memory modules. A global sequence number is assigned to the data of a data stripe so that the operations related to the data stripe are performed in an ordered manner so that the data remains consistent. A plurality of system controllers may comprise a domain and access a plurality of memory controllers and a plurality of domains may include at least one common memory module.