Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy. The photovoltaic element (110) may especially be a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises at least one metal oxide (130).

Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy, more particularly a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises silver in oxidized form.

Abstract: A detector (110) for optically detecting at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises at least one optical sensor (114). The optical sensor (114) has at least one sensor region (116). The optical sensor (114) is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (116). The sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a geometry of the illumination, in particular on a beam cross section of the illumination on the sensor area (118). The detector (110) furthermore has at least one evaluation device (122). The evaluation device (122) is designed to generate at least one item of geometrical information from the sensor signal, in particular at least one item of geometrical information about the illumination and/or the object (112).

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: A process for marking articles, wherein the article to be marked is contacted with at least one marker and the absorption spectrum of the at least one marker in contact with the article has at least one narrow band with a half-height width of <1500 cm?1 which is in the UV and/or visible and/or IR wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The markers are selected from organic dyes, inorganic chromophores and pigments. The article to be marked comprises paper, metal, glass, ceramic or plastic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib in which the variables R, n, A, B, R1 and R2 are each as defined in the description. The present invention further relates to the use of compounds of the formula Ia or Ib or mixtures of compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib and/or isomers or mixtures of the isomers of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib as photosensitizers in solar cells and photodetectors, and to solar cells and photodetectors which comprise such compounds of the formula Ia or Ib or mixtures of compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib and/or isomers or mixtures of the isomers of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib as photosensitizers.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy. The photovoltaic element (110) may especially be a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises at least one metal oxide (130).

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: The use of cyclic compounds of the formula (I) where n is a number in the range from 1 to 7, X—Y—Z, in each case independently of one another, is O—C?N, N?C—O, NR5—C?N, N?C—NR5, N+R52—C?N, N?C—N+R52, O—C?N+R5, N+R5?C—O, S—C?N+R5, N+R5?C—S, S—C?N, N?C—S, R1, R2 and R3 each independently are, for example, H or a substituent or corresponding heterocyclic compounds in which at least one group —CR1?, —CR2?, CR3? is replaced by —N, R5 in each case independently are, for example, H or a substituent R7 in each case independently of one another, are H, C1-12-alkyl or C6-12-aryl, or metal complexes of the cyclic compounds or complexes of the cyclic compounds with mineral acids, chloride, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, nitrate, BF4? or methanesulfonate being present as opposite ions X? in the case of cationic cyclic structures, as light absorbers, materials for hole injection layers in OLEDs, light-emitting compounds in OLED, phase-transfer catalysts or synergistic agents for the dispersing

Abstract: Phthalocyanines of the formula (I) where the symbols and indices each have the definitions specified in the description are suitable as markers for liquids, especially mineral oils.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids, methods for detecting markers in liquids, methods for identifying liquids and selected compounds of the general formula (I).

Abstract: A method for detecting differences between physically measurable properties of a sample and a reference sample. A two-dimensional reference field is generated and first and second two-dimensional patterns are produced respectively from the reference sample and the sample. A correction is made to sample response functions to eliminate time-dependent and location-dependent fluctuations of the detector.

Abstract: Disclosed are bisazo compounds of the formula Ia or Ib where R1 is hydrogen or methyl, the X groups are independently —CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2—, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or methyl, A is an anion and n corresponds to the valency of A. Also disclosed are the use of the bisazo compounds for dyeing, especially paper, and colorants containing said bisazo compounds.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing polymer-enrobed pigment particles, which comprises mixing in the presence of finely dispersed pigment particles a solution of a polymer in a first solvent with a second solvent in which the polymer is substantially insoluble. The pigment particle can be specifically modified by judicious selection of the polymer.

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid where n is 0 or 1, each R1 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl, each R2 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amino, C1-C4-alkylamino, allylamino, benzylamino and methoxycarbonylmethylamino, and the phenyl rings A may additionally be substituted by C1-C8-alkyl, unsubstituted or methyl- or halogen-substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, carboxyl, N-benzylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or nitro-, halogen-, C1-C4-alkoxy- or acetoxy-substituted phenylcarbamoyl and naphthylcarbamoyl or be benzofused, their copper complexes, a process for preparing the copper complex dyes, azoxy dyes of the formula I in their partially or completely deacylated form, their copper complexes, colorants comprising these azoxy dyes and/or their copper complexes and also their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethyleneimine.