Abstract: A photovoltaic element for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy, having at least one first electrode, at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide, at least one dye for absorption of electromagnetic radiation, at least one organic hole conductor material, and at least one second electrode. The organic hole conductor material has an absorption spectrum which has a maximum in the ultraviolet or blue spectral region and, toward higher wavelengths, an absorption edge declining with wavelength and having a characteristic wavelength ?HTL. A decadic absorbance of the hole conductor material at a wavelength ?HTL within the declining absorption edge is 0.3. The photovoltaic element includes a longpass filter, which has a transmission edge rising with wavelength and having a characteristic wavelength ?LP. A transmission of the longpass filter at ?LP is 50% of a maximum transmission of the longpass filter, where ?HTL?30 nm??LP??HTL+30 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mixtures which comprise, as components K1), one or more merocyanines selected from the group of the compounds of the general formulae Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and IIb, as defined in more detail in the description, as an electron donor or electron acceptor, and, as component K2), one or more compounds which, with respect to component K1), act correspondingly as an electron acceptor or electron donor, for producing photoactive layers for organic solar cells and organic photodetectors, to a process for producing photoactive layers, corresponding solar cells and organic photodetectors, and to mixtures which comprise, as components, one or more compounds of the general formulae Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and/or IIb of component K1, as defined in more detail in the description, and one or more compounds of component K2.

Abstract: A detector (110) for optically detecting at least one object (112) is proposed. The detector (110) comprises at least one optical sensor (114). The optical sensor (114) has at least one sensor region (116). The optical sensor (114) is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in a manner dependent on an illumination of the sensor region (116). The sensor signal, given the same total power of the illumination, is dependent on a geometry of the illumination, in particular on a beam cross section of the illumination on the sensor area (118). The detector (110) furthermore has at least one evaluation device (122). The evaluation device (122) is designed to generate at least one item of geometrical information from the sensor signal, in particular at least one item of geometrical information about the illumination and/or the object (112).

Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy, more particularly a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises silver in oxidized form.

Abstract: A process for marking articles, wherein the article to be marked is contacted with at least one marker and the absorption spectrum of the at least one marker in contact with the article has at least one narrow band with a half-height width of <1500 cm?1 which is in the UV and/or visible and/or IR wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The markers are selected from organic dyes, inorganic chromophores and pigments. The article to be marked comprises paper, metal, glass, ceramic or plastic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib in which the variables R, n, A, B, R1 and R2 are each as defined in the description. The present invention further relates to the use of compounds of the formula Ia or Ib or mixtures of compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib and/or isomers or mixtures of the isomers of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib as photosensitizers in solar cells and photodetectors, and to solar cells and photodetectors which comprise such compounds of the formula Ia or Ib or mixtures of compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib and/or isomers or mixtures of the isomers of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib as photosensitizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing pentarylene- and hexarylenetetracarboximides of the general formula (I) or (Ia) or mixtures thereof, to pentarylene and hexarylenetetracarboximides having a high degree of substitution, and to their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic solar cell comprising at least one photoactive region comprising an organic donor material in contact with an organic acceptor material and forming a donor-acceptor heterojunction, wherein the photoactive region comprises at least one compound of the formulae Ia and/or Ib where M, (Ra)m and (Rb)n as described in the claims and description. Furthermore, the present invention relates to compounds of formulae Ia and Ib, wherein M, (Ra)m and n are as described in the claims and description and Rb is fluorine and to a process for preparing them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising pesticide and UV absorber. The invention furthermore relates to UV-absorbers and to the use thereof in agrochemical compositions. It moreover relates to a method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesirable plant growth and/or undesirable insect or mite infestation and/or of regulating plant growth.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element (110) is proposed for conversion of electromagnetic radiation to electrical energy. The photovoltaic element (110) may especially be a dye solar cell (112). The photovoltaic element (110) has at least one first electrode (116), at least one n-semiconductive metal oxide (120), at least one electromagnetic radiation-absorbing dye (122), at least one solid organic p-semiconductor (126) and at least one second electrode (132). The p-semiconductor (126) comprises at least one metal oxide (130).

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for producing a photoelectric conversion device comprising a dye-sensitized metal oxide semiconductor which is treated with an essentially transparent hydroxamic acid or an essentially transparent salt thereof. The invention also relates to a photoelectric conversion device obtainable by the process of the invention and to a photoelectric cell, especially a solar cell, comprising the photoelectric conversion device. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of an essentially transparent hydroxamic acid or an essentially transparent salt thereof for enhancing the energy conversion efficiency ? of dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) and to the use thereof as active materials in solar cells and photodetectors. The variables in formula (I) are defined in the specification. Formula (I) also has the following example.

Abstract: Novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives, their use in methods for the detection of analytes and reagents kits for the detection of analytes comprising said novel mono-azide substituted rylene-imide derivatives.

Abstract: A process for altering the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by one or more compounds of the general formulae (I) wherein these compounds are irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength from 300 to 750 nm. The use of compounds of the general formula (I) or (II) for marking materials, for example paper or mineral oil, and use of compounds of the general formula (I) or (II) for causing a color change. The use of compounds of the general formula (I) or (II) for laser welding, heat management, as a photoinitiator, as a free-radical scavenger or for detection of oxygen. A process for regulating the absorption or transmission of electromagnetic radiation by a material wherein one or more compounds of the general formula (I) or (II) are contacted with this material and these compounds are irradiated with electromagnetic radiation of wavelength from 300 to 750 nm. Specific compounds of the general formula (I).

Abstract: The use of cyclic compounds of the formula (I) where n is a number in the range from 1 to 7, X—Y—Z, in each case independently of one another, is O—C?N, N?C—O, NR5—C?N, N?C—NR5, N+R52—C?N, N?C—N+R52, O—C?N+R5, N+R5?C—O, S—C?N+R5, N+R5?C—S, S—C?N, N?C—S, R1, R2 and R3 each independently are, for example, H or a substituent or corresponding heterocyclic compounds in which at least one group —CR1?, —CR2?, CR3? is replaced by —N, R5 in each case independently are, for example, H or a substituent R7 in each case independently of one another, are H, C1-12-alkyl or C6-12-aryl, or metal complexes of the cyclic compounds or complexes of the cyclic compounds with mineral acids, chloride, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, nitrate, BF4? or methanesulfonate being present as opposite ions X? in the case of cationic cyclic structures, as light absorbers, materials for hole injection layers in OLEDs, light-emitting compounds in OLED, phase-transfer catalysts or synergistic agents for the dispersing

Abstract: A method for detecting differences between physically measurable properties of a sample and a reference sample. A two-dimensional reference field is generated and first and second two-dimensional patterns are produced respectively from the reference sample and the sample. A correction is made to sample response functions to eliminate time-dependent and location-dependent fluctuations of the detector.

Abstract: A device (110) for determining at least one optical property of a sample (112) is proposed. The device (110) comprises a tuneable excitation light source (114; 410) for applying excitation light (122) to the sample (112). The device (110) furthermore comprises a detector (128, 130; 312) for detecting detection light (132, 136; 314) emerging from the sample (112). The excitation light source (114; 410) comprises a light-emitting diode array (114), which is configured at least partly as a monolithic light-emitting diode array (114). The monolithic light-emitting diode array (114) comprises at least three light-emitting diodes (426) each having a different emission spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of halogenated phthalocyanines as charge transport materials and/or as absorber materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general formula (I) in which the variables are each defined as follows: X are joined to one another with formation of a six-membered ring to give a radical of the formula (x1), (x2) or (x3) both are each a —CWWM radical; Y one of the two radicals is either a radical of the formula (y1) -L-NR1R2??(y1) or a radical of the formula (y2) -L-Z—R3??(y2) and the other radical is hydrogen; are joined to one another with formation of a six-membered ring to give a radical of the formula (y3) or (y4) or both are hydrogen; W are each independently O or S; W? is O, S or N—R?, with the proviso that at least one of the variables W or W in the general formula I is defined as S; R, P, B, A, D, M, L, Z, R1, R2, R3 and R? are each defined as specified in the description; m is 1, 2, 3 or 4; n is 0, 2 or 4 when m=1, 2 or 3; is 0, 2, 4 or 6 when m=4; p is 0, 2 or 4 when m=1, 2 or 3, where n+p=0, 2 or 4; is 0, 2, 4 or 6 whe

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of specific phthalocyanines which bear substituents on the basic phthalocyanine structure bonded via methylene groups as markers for liquids, especially mineral oils, to liquids, especially mineral oils which comprise at least one such phthalocyanine as a marker, and also to novel specific phthalocyanines which bear substituents on the basic phthalocyanine structure bonded via methylene groups.