Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the mass fractions of water and oil in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes a sensor portion that measures sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time and at a second time. The apparatus includes a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid which changes the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount between the first time and the second time. A method for measuring water mass fraction in a flowing mixture of oil and water through a pipe includes the steps of measuring sound velocity and temperature of the flowing oil water mixture at a first time with a sensor portion. There is the step of changing the temperature of the flowing oil water mixture by a measurable amount with a temperature changer in thermal communication with the flowing fluid.

Abstract: Charge balanced display data writing methods use write and hold cycles of opposite polarity during selected frame update periods. Spatial dithering of hold cycle signals can reduce flicker.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The apparatus includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diametrical path through the fluid. The diametrical providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus also includes a signal processing device for determining the speed of sound of the fluid in the pipe based on the acoustic energy of the diagonal providing device and the acoustic energy of the diametrical providing device. A method for determining the sound velocity of a fluid in a pipe.

Abstract: A wafer for placement in a pipe. The wafer includes a housing having an outer surface and an orifice adapted to allow fluid flowing in the pipe to pass through the housing. The housing has at least a first port extending into the housing from the outer surface for holding a first acoustic transducer. The wafer includes means for attaching the housing to the pipe. A method for obtaining information about fluid in a pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for re-surfacing compact discs. The method is a two-step method in which the disc to be re-surfaced is first placed on a shaft. A resilient pad supports an abrasive medium and is positioned so the abrasive medium overlaps only the protective layer of the CD. The disc and abrasive material are rotated in opposite directions at about the same speed to remove deeper blemishes in a wet operation. Subsequent polishing is accomplished in a similar manner using a polishing compound instead of an abrasive. The re-surfacing and polishing apparatus each have motor driven shafts which are parallel and spaced apart and support the CD and pad in a cabinet. A transparent cover extends across the top of the cabinet.

Abstract: A wafer for placement in a pipe. The wafer includes a housing having an outer surface and an orifice adapted to allow fluid flowing in the pipe to pass through the housing. The housing has at least a first port extending into the housing from the outer surface for holding a first acoustic transducer. The wafer includes means for attaching the housing to the pipe. A method for obtaining information about fluid in a pipe.

Abstract: A separation column for a gas chromatograph that includes a block of electrically insulating material having a channel located between two strips of thermoelectric material spaced from the channel by strips of electrically insulating material. Electrodes are connected to opposite ends of the strips of thermoelectric material. More specifically, each strip of thermoelectric material has two layers of dissimilar material to enable the strips to provide selective heating and cooling depending on the direction of current flow through the strips.

Abstract: A separation column for a gas chromatograph that includes a block of electrically insulating material having a channel located between two strips of thermoelectric material spaced from the channel by strips of electrically insulating material. Electrodes are connected to opposite ends of the strips of thermoelectric material. More specifically, each strip of thermoelectric material has two layers of dissimilar material to enable the strips to provide selective and cooling depending on the direction of current flow through the strips.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid in a container (such as a pipe). The apparatus comprises a mechanism for transmitting a signal into a fluid in a container. The transmitting mechanism contacts the container and provides the signal to the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for receiving the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid. The receiving mechanism contacts the container and receives the signal from the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for determining the fluid in the container from the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid and determining the fluid viscosity from the amplitude and sound velocity. The determining mechanism is connected to the receiving mechanism. The method comprises the steps of transmitting a signal into fluid. Then there is the step of receiving the signal after it has passed through the fluid.

Abstract: A combination tape measure and straight edge apparatus includes a first straight edge segment which includes an outer edge and an inner edge which includes first hinge members. A tape measure assembly support unit includes second hinge members that engage the first hinge members. A tape measure assembly is provided, and a connector is provided for attaching the tape measure assembly to the tape measure assembly support unit. The second hinge members of the tape measure assembly support unit permit the tape measure assembly support unit and the attached tape measure assembly to be rotated around the first hinge members so that the tape measure assembly can selectively be moved to and from a storage orientation and a plurality of in-use orientations. A second straight edge segment and a third straight edge segment form an isosceles right triangle along with the first straight edge segment. The tape measure assembly support unit includes riser members which support the second hinge members.

Abstract: A system for and method of automatically implementing PKI-based encryption between a sender and a recipient. The system includes a sender local agent associated with a sender electronic device and a recipient local agent associated with a recipient electronic device wherein both the sender and recipient electronic devices are capable of connecting to a control server via the Internet. The sender local agent is operable to (i) receive content generated on the sender electronic device, (ii) generate a package of encrypted content using PKI-based encryption by obtaining at least one public key from the control server, and (iii) send the package to the control server. The control server is operable to receive the package from the sender local agent and transmit the package to the recipient local agent.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for re-surfacing compact discs. The method is a two-step method in which the disc to be re-surfaced is first placed on a shaft. A resilient pad supports an abrasive medium and is positioned so the abrasive medium overlaps only the protective layer of the CD. The disc and abrasive material are rotated in opposite directions at about the same speed to remove deeper blemishes in a wet operation. Subsequent polishing is accomplished in a similar manner using a polishing compound instead of an abrasive. The re-surfacing and polishing apparatus each have motor driven shafts which are parallel and spaced apart and support the CD and pad in a cabinet. A transparent cover extends across the top of the cabinet.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid in a container (such as a pipe). The apparatus comprises a mechanism for transmitting a signal into a fluid in a container. The transmitting mechanism contacts the container and provides the signal to the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for receiving the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid. The receiving mechanism contacts the container and receives the signal from the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for determining the fluid in the container from the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid and determining the fluid viscosity from the amplitude and sound velocity. The determining mechanism is connected to the receiving mechanism. The method comprises the steps of transmitting a signal into fluid. Then there is the step of receiving the signal after it has passed through the fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a leak in an isolated segment of a pipe with a known fluid: The apparatus includes a mechanism for producing a pressure pulse in the pipe. The producing mechanism is adapted for connection to the pipe. The apparatus includes a mechanism for sensing the reflection of the pulse in the pipe and a pressure sensor for sensing the pressure in the pipe. The pressure sensor is adapted for connection to the pipe. The apparatus includes a mechanism for determining whether the pressure of the fluid in the pipe has negatively deviated from an expected pressure-temperature relationship of the fluid in the pipe. A method for detecting a fluid leak in an isolated segment of a pipe: The method consists of five steps: Step 1, measure the average propagation velocity of the fluid in an isolated segment of the pipeline at time t1. Step 2, measure the pressure of the fluid in the isolated segment of the pipe at time t1.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the viscosity of a fluid in a container (such as a pipe). The apparatus comprises a mechanism for transmitting a signal into a fluid in a container. The transmitting mechanism contacts the container and provides the signal to the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for receiving the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid. The receiving mechanism contacts the container and receives the signal from the fluid in the container. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for determining the fluid in the container from the signal after the signal has passed through the fluid and determining the fluid viscosity from the amplitude and sound velocity. The determining mechanism is connected to the receiving mechanism. The method comprises the steps of transmitting a signal into fluid. Then there is the step of receiving the signal after it has passed through the fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for locating release of fluid in a pipeline. The system comprises means or mechanism for detecting a pressure wave within the fluid indicative of a release of fluid from the pipeline, such as a leak or an unauthorized offtake. The system also comprises means or mechanism for determining the location of the fluid release by creating a test pressure wave within the fluid after the detected pressure wave. The fluid can be gas or oil but is not limited thereto in that the system will work with any fluid in a pipeline. Preferably, the location determining means or mechanism comprises a mechanism for creating a test pressure wave within the fluid in the pipeline and a mechanism for detecting a reflection of the test pressure wave. The reflection detecting mechanism and the original pressure wave sensing means or mechanism can both use a pressure transducer which is in communication with signal processing and control means or mechanism, such as a computer.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The apparatus includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diagonal path through the fluid. The diagonal providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus also includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diametrical path through the fluid. The diametrical providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus is also comprised of a device for determining the flow of fluid in the pipe based on the acoustic energy of the diagonal providing device and the acoustic energy of the diametrical providing device. In one embodiment, the diagonal providing device is fixedly disposed on the pipe. In another embodiment, the diametrical providing device provides acoustic energy emitted in both directions on the diametrical path. The diagonal providing device preferably includes a first transducer and a second transducer located at diametrically opposed positions about the pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the temperature of a flowing fluid in a pipe. The apparatus includes a mechanism for actively testing the flowing fluid with acoustic energy and producing a test signal corresponding to the temperature of the fluid. The testing mechanism is disposed on the outside of the pipe and acoustic energy follows a path through the pipe wall. Additionally, the apparatus includes a signal processing mechanism for determining the temperature of the fluid based on the test signal. The testing mechanism is in communication with the signal processing mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The apparatus includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diagonal path through the fluid. The diagonal providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus also includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diametrical path through the fluid. The diametrical providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus is also comprised of a device for determining the flow of fluid in the pipe based on the acoustic energy of the diagonal providing device and the acoustic energy of the diametrical providing device. In one embodiment, the diagonal providing device is fixedly disposed on the pipe. In another embodiment, the diametrical providing device provides acoustic energy emitted in both directions on the diametrical path. The diagonal providing device preferably includes a first transducer and a second transducer located at diametrically opposed positions about the pipe.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a pipe. The apparatus includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diagonal path through the fluid. The diagonal providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus also includes a device for providing acoustic energy on a diametrical path through the fluid. The diametrical providing device is in contact with the pipe. The apparatus is also comprised of a device for determining the flow of fluid in the pipe based on the acoustic energy of the diagonal providing device with the energy received by the diameterical receiving means used to determine the speed of sound of the fluid so the flow rate of fluid can be determined and the acoustic energy of the diametrical providing device. In one embodiment, the diagonal providing device is fixedly disposed on the pipe. In another embodiment, the diametrical providing device provides acoustic energy emitted in both directions on the diametrical path.