Abstract: A vapor-compression refrigeration system has a continuously operating compressor, with loading on the compressor varied in accordance with conditions and cooling needs. The system avoids any on/off cycling of the compressor or valves in the system, but instead keeps cooling and bypass valves open to varying and proportional degrees depending upon requirements. The system includes several bypass loops, for bypassing coolant fluid to a proportional degree when a desired temperature is approached in a body to be cooled; and when temperature of return gas to the compressor approaches a limit temperature beyond which the compressor should not operate. In the latter case, cool liquid is injected, while expanding and vaporizing, into the hot gas for cooling, to protect the compressor.

Abstract: A grenade arrangement for forming a visual and infrared screening cloud, having a frangible body, a hollow cylindrical solid compact cohesive mass of compacted generally mutually adhered fine metal flakes of a copper composition, particularly brass, and of submicron thickness and multimicron in lateral dimensions, a cylindrical mass of HE explosive within such hollow cylindrical mass for aerosoling such metal flakes into the atmosphere, and having HE explosive percussisvely activating detonator means, a launch propulsion charge and pyrotechnic delay means between the propulsion charge and the HE explosive detonator.

Abstract: A visual-and-infrared-screening cloud-forming product is made by forming a slurry of fine metal flakes of copper composition, particularly brass, of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions, together with a volatile surface-wetting agent liquid, in the form of a liquid hydrocarbon, extruding and severing the extended slurry mass into small segments, drying the small segments, placing the small segments into a desired container shape and crushing such segments in place and into such shape, in particular in a hollow cylindrical shape. An HE explosive mass is inserted into the resulting compacted hollow cylinder, enabling bursting of the compacted mass.

Abstract: A wide range temperature control system for controlling and maintaining the temperature of a first cooling liquid in an indirect heat exchanger at a predetermined setpoint within a wide range of temperatures is disclosed. The system proportions flow of a second cooling liquid between a cooling coil located in the heat exchanger and a bypass path. Flow through the bypass path is regulated by a temperature sensitive valve responsive to outflow temperature of the second cooling liquid from the heat exchanger. Bypassed flow mixes with the outflow from the heat exchanger and thereby establishes and maintains the temperature sensitive valve in a proportional flow mode. The flow of second cooling liquid through the cooling coil is proportioned to the differential in temperature between the second cooling liquid and the first cooling liquid and to the dynamic heat conditions within the heat exchanger at any time.

Abstract: A dual-circuit master cylinder having hydraulic equalization is disclosed including a casing having two parallel bores and elongated pistons defining two power chambers in the casing connected to wheel brakes, a yoke including two blind bores receiving extending portion of the pistons defining two equalization chambers, an auxiliary piston operatively connected to the yoke, and a brake actuating member defining an auxiliary chamber connected to a supply reservoir via a check valve for supplying equal pressurized fluid to the equalization chambers upon movement of the auxiliary piston and yoke to displace the power pistons.

Abstract: A device useful in diagnostics in which a biochemical species is attached to the surface of a sensor, especially to the gate of a field effect transistor. In such a "BIOCHEMFET" it has been a problem to attach two or more biochemical species to the surface of the sensor, especially to the gates of a multi-gated FET. It has now been found possible to bond a group having a photoactivatable function covalently to the sensor surface, photo-expose the resultant modified surface selectively, e.g. through a mask, and bond the biochemical species, e.g. a hapten, antigen, antibody, lectin or enzyme, to the photoactivated function. In this way the biochemical species becomes attached in selected areas only. In view of the success of this technique realized under conditions of miniaturization, the invention makes possible "printed circuits for proteins".

Abstract: A system for providing a Head-Up Display (HUD) on board an aircraft to assist a pilot in guiding the aircraft. The display is positioned in the pilot's normal line of sight. In one mode it utilizes a radio beam landing system such as an ILS (Instrument Landing System) to generate symbols that correspond to visual ground cues which, together with an aircraft symbol display, provide the pilot with cues for aligning the aircraft on the appropriate path for approach and landing. The system moves the aircraft symbol in accordance with motion changes of the aircraft. During a landing approach the pilot "flies" the aircraft symbol relative to the simulated and/or real ground cues. By making the HUD correspond with ground cues, the abrupt transition from instrumented to visual flight is eliminated. At altitudes below which available ILS is not acceptable, the system provides a smooth transition to a mode independent of ILS and then to a flare mode.

Abstract: Crampons formed of straight-sided frame members with at least one such member on each side, but preferably joined together in pairs at each side for lateral and/or longitudinal adjustment to provide for changes in the dimensions of the crampon to suit boots of various sizes, or, if desired, articulation around a horizontal axis, further including integral depending pointed members located and arranged in an aligned configuration for the purpose of piercing snow and ice to provide additional traction for climbers and hikers, and preferably having improved means for quickly and securely fastening the crampon to a boot to stress the sole thereof and thus afford greater rigidity to the crampon.

Abstract: A system for providing a Head-Up Display (HUD) on board an aircraft to assist a pilot in guiding the aircraft. The display is positioned in the pilot's normal line of sight. In one mode it utilizes a radio beam landing system such as an ILS (Instrument Landing System) to generate symbols that correspond to visual ground cues which, together with an aircraft symbol display, provide the pilot with cues for aligning the aircraft on the appropriate path for approach and landing. The system moves the aircraft symbol in accordance with motion changes of the aircraft. During a landing approach the pilot "flies" the aircraft symbol relative to the simulated and/or real ground cues. By making the HUD correspond with ground cues, the abrupt transition from instrumented to visual flight is eliminated. At altitudes below which available ILS is not acceptable, the system provides a smooth transition to a mode independent of ILS and then to a flare mode.

Abstract: A process for the high pressure liquid affinity chromatographic separation of at least one biological or related substance from a mixture in which the contact, washing and eluting phases are performed on a binding material made from a ligand, containing at least one of the groups anthraquinone, phthalocyanine or aromatic azo, coupled to a matrix through a spacer arm, the binding material being so constructed that at least one biological or related substance is retained on the binding material during the contact and washing phases. In one preferred embodiment the ligand is a reactive dye, especially a triazinyl dye, the matrix is agarose or silica and the spacer arm is a substituted aminohexyl group. The chromatographic procedure is preferably performed at 100-3500 psi, at a flow rate of 0.5-2.0 ml/min. The choice of washing and eluting solutions depends on the material to be separated. However buffer solution to wash the column and a desorbing agent to elute the material are preferred.

Abstract: A process for the affinity chromatographic separation of at least one biological or related substance from a mixture wherein the at least one biological or related substance is bound to a binding material, having a ligand containing at least one of the groups anthraquinone, phthalocyanine or aromatic azo, in the presence of at least one metal ion selected from the group Ca.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+, Ba.sup.2+, Al.sup.3+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+ or Zn.sup.2+. The preferred metal ions are Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+, with Zn.sup.2+ being particularly preferred. The ligand may be linked directly to the matrix or via a spacer arm. The process may be performed at atmospheric pressure or under pressure, especially high pressure (100-3500 psi). The nature of the contact, washing and eluting solutions depends on the substance to be separated.

Abstract: Underpants suitable for use by male persons, have a pouch for holding a fluid-absorbing pad, and a fly opening. The latter makes the underpants more acceptable to men and in some cases appears to give psychological help for reducing incontinence. The pouch is preferably external, with an impermeable outer panel to prevent leakage from the pad. The inner panel of the pouch is permeable and made of a hydrophobic fabric such as polyester to keep the wearer dry and comfortable. The fly opening is conveniently located at or adjacent to a side of the pouch at the front of the underpants. It may have a fastening.

Abstract: A back pack having an enclosed volume suitable for storing and transporting materials, the back pack including shoulder straps and a belt for supporting the back pack upon a wearer, the belt constituting a climbing harness with attached, preferably storable, groin straps and a releasable attachment to the back pack.

Abstract: A tube expander for expanding or flaring the ends of automobile exhaust pipes and the like includes a segmented expander die having an arbor slidably received within the expander die segments for expanding the die upon movement of the arbor in a first predetermined direction. A manually operated device initially moves the die relative to the arbor to establish the amount of expansion to be permitted in the die and a separate independent hydraulic mechanism is then operated to move the arbor in the first direction in order to flare the end of a tube placed on the die to increase its diameter by a predetermined dimension. The compact structure provided enables the tool to be manually operated to flare tubes in situ on an automobile.

Abstract: A sack for enclosing and compressing resilient materials, such as clothing items and sleeping bags having high air content filling, i.e., down filled matter or synthetics incorporating air voids, in the form of a stuff sack having a plurality of longitudinally extending adjustable length straps attached to the sack at opposed ends thereof and equidistantly spaced around the circumference of the sack, such that when the sack is "stuffed" in a conventional manner, substantial additional longitudinal force may be applied either by the straps or externally, and the straps shorten to telescope the sack into a compressed and stable configuration.

Abstract: A particulate, resilient, electrically conductive member having a low thermal mass extends across the width of a conductive-backed recording paper and conducts electrical energy to the conductive backing to heat the paper and develop an image.The member comprises a plurality of closely spaced resilient fingers which extend across the width of the web. A curved crown on each of the fingers protrudes through a slot in a plate over which the paper passes. The ends of the fingers are restrained by the slot so that they are not readily susceptible to damage.

Abstract: A tube expander for expanding or flaring the ends of automobile exhaust pipes and the like includes a segmented expander die having an arbor slidably received within the expander die segments for expanding the die upon movement of the arbor in a first predetermined direction. A manually operated device initially moves the arbor in the first direction to expand the die until the die segments engage the interior surface of the tube end to be expanded, and a separate independent hydraulic mechanism is then operated to move the arbor in the first direction in order to flare the tube to increase its diameter by a predetermined dimension. The compact structure provided enables the tool to be manually operated to flare tubes in situ on an automobile.

Abstract: The beam of a line scan fiber optics cathode ray tube is intensity modulated and is repeatedly swept along the fiber optics strip of the tube by a horizontal deflection coil to place on a transversely moving record sheet recorded gray scale images which are representative of received data signals. A sheet velocity sensor, a frequency to voltage converter, and a differentiator produce a voltage signal proportional to short term sheet velocity errors, and an integrator converts that signal into a signal which represents the time integral of each of such errors. The integral signal controls a vertical deflection coil for the tube so that each of the sheet velocity errors is accompanied by a movement of the cathode ray tube beam in the vertical direction, and hence along the path of sheet travel. This vertical beam movement maintains the instantaneous relative velocity between the sheet and the beam substantially constant notwithstanding the short term sheet velocity errors.

Abstract: A penetrator/nozzle arrangement, particularly for enabling fighting of fires in aircraft and other difficult access target units, in which the penetrator/nozzle arrangement has a telescopic nozzle formed by a spray nozzle tube section telescopically slidable on a concentric feed tube, with a cylindrical cutter mounted for sliding movement about the nozzle and toward a target unit. A cartridge is fired to drive the cutter toward the forward spray end of the nozzle, thereby cutting the effective skin of a target and enabling the nozzle to be moved therethrough with its forward spray discharge end extending into the target interior zone for passage of fluid, powder or other desired agent through the nozzle into the target interior.

Abstract: This apparatus generates a signal to control the vertical position of a horizontal bar indicator in a head-up display for viewing by the pilot of an aircraft so that the bar is superimposed on the pilot's view of the runway to assist him in controlling the pitch attitude of the aircraft during landing. The apparatus forms the bar control signal by operating on selected dynamic parameters of the aircraft to generate a lead compensation angle signal. A signal representative of the product of the lead compensation angle signal and a gain factor signal that is a function of the aircraft's altitude is summed to a signal representative of the glide path angle selected by the pilot to produce the desired bar control signal. In IFR conditions the bar may be superimposed with suitable flight director indications on the head-up display.