Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus may store a virtual machine token associated with a virtual machine running on a particular device and a secure image of the virtual machine. The virtual machine token may include a timestamp indicating when the virtual machine was established. The apparatus may receive a token indicating that the particular device is attempting to access a resource. In response, checking the validity of the virtual machine running on the particular device based at least in part upon the timestamp associated with the virtual machine token and a time threshold associated with the virtual machine. If the virtual machine is invalid, then the apparatus may communicate at least one token to initiate the recycling of the virtual machine by replacing the invalid virtual machine with the stored secure image of the virtual machine.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus may store a plurality of tokens that indicate a user is using a device to access a resource over a network. The apparatus may detect at least one token indicating a change associated with at least one of the device, the network, or the resource. The apparatus may then determine to re-authenticate the user in response to the change. The apparatus may then request a password generated using personal information of the user, and receive a re-authentication token comprising the password generated using personal information of the user. The apparatus may then request, from the user, a second password. The request for the second password may include instructions on how to form the second password. The apparatus may receive a response comprising the second password and determine that the second password matches the password. The apparatus may then re-authenticate the user.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus may monitor a session that facilitates the processing of a transaction. The transaction may represent an action taken against a resource during the session. The apparatus may determine that the transaction qualifies for additional monitoring, and in response, generate a tag. The tag may be unique to the transaction. The apparatus may then associate the tag with the transaction to facilitate tracing of the transaction. The apparatus may then trace the transaction during the processing of the transaction by following the tag, and communicate a message to transfer the transaction to an isolated processing unit. The isolated processing unit processes the transaction in isolation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus may store a plurality of tokens indicating a user is requesting access to a resource over a network. The apparatus may determine a condition associated with accessing the resource based on the plurality of tokens. The condition may be determined in addition to a determination to grant or deny access to the resource. The condition may include an obligation to be fulfilled and a message providing instruction regarding how to fulfill the obligation. The apparatus may generate a decision token representing the condition, and communicate the decision token to a resource provider to facilitate enforcement of the condition.

Abstract: A switchgear assembly has a contact gap and an insulating material nozzle. The insulating material nozzle at least partly encloses the contact gap. A nozzle channel for the insulating material nozzle opens with a outlet opening in a hot gas space. A deflector element is disposed within the hot gas space which defines a deflector channel. The deflector channel has a segment which has an expanding cross-section in the stream direction of a switching gas in the hot gas space.