Abstract: The invention relates to water-based hydraulic fluids comprising a) water, b) at least one glycol, a polyglycol, or both, and c) 0.1 to 30 wt % of at least one compound of formula 1, where M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, or ammonia, Ar1 and Ar2 are independently monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic groups that can have substituents or can comprise heteroatoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing compounds of formula (I) in which R1 represents an aromatic group containing 6 to 200 carbon atoms, R2 represents hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated linear or branched alkenyl group containing 2 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, X represents an alkylene group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, n represents a number between 0 and 100, and B represents a cation or hydrogen, and/or the corresponding protonated carboxylic acids, by oxidizing one or more compounds of formula (II) in which R1, R2, X, and n have the meaning indicated above, with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases in the presence of a gold-containing catalyst and at least one alkaline compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) in which A is C2- to C4-alkylene, B is C1- to C4-alkylene, x is a number from 1 to 3, and y is a number from 1 to 100.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing compounds of the formula (1) where A is C2- to C4-alkylene, B is C1- to C4-alkylene, n is a number from 1 to 100, and R is C1- to C30-alkyl, C2- to C30-alkenyl, or C6— to C30-aryl, by a) alkylating a basic mixture of oxoalkylated alcohols of the formula R—O-(-A-O—)n—H and alkoxides thereof with a C2- to C5-chlorocarboxylic acid in the absence of a solvent, b) converting the thus obtained ethercarboxylic acid salt to the free ethercarboxylic acid by adding an acid, the pH being adjusted to 3 or less, c) freeing the thus obtained ethercarboxylic acid, without washing, of water present down to a residual water content of <0.30% by distillation under reduced pressure, and d) removing the precipitated metal salts by filtration, so that the resulting product has a residual salt content of <0.2%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (1) and the salts thereof which correspond to formula (2). In the formulae, A is C2- to C4-alkylene, x is a number from 1 to 100, y is a number from 1 to 4, and R is a cation. The compound of formula (1) and/or formula (2) forms a persistent film on metal surfaces, particularly on metal surfaces under stress in metal working and in the operation of crude oil and natural gas processing.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing compounds of the formula (1) where A is C2— to C4-alkylene, B is C1— to C4-alkylene, n is a number from 1 to 100, and R is C1— to C30-alkyl, C2— to C30-alkenyl, or C6— to C30-aryl, by a) alkylating a basic mixture of oxoalkylated alcohols of the formula R—O-(-A-O—)n—H and alkoxides thereof with a C2— to C5-chlorocarboxylic acid in the absence of a solvent, b) converting the thus obtained ethercarboxylic acid salt to the free ethercarboxylic acid by adding an acid, the pH being adjusted to 3 or less, c) freeing the thus obtained ethercarboxylic acid, without washing, of water present down to a residual water content of <0.30% by distillation under reduced pressure, and d) removing the precipitated metal salts by filtration, so that the resulting product has a residual salt content of <0.2%.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) in which A is C2- to C4-alkylene, B is C1- to C4-alkylene, x is a number from 1 to 3, and y is a number from 1 to 100.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and the salts thereof which correspond to formula (II). In said formulae, A represents C2-C4 alkylene, x represents a number between 1 and 100, y represents a number between 1 and 4, and R represents a cation. The invention also relates to the use of said compounds and the salts thereof as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (1) 1

Abstract: The use of copolymers containing structural units derived from the compounds of the formulae 1 and 2 in which R1 and R2 are H, C1-C4 alkyl or, with inclusion of the N—CO— group, form a ring of 5, 6, 7 or 8 ring atoms which in addition to the N—CO— group, may include further heteroatoms, R3 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R4 is a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkylene radical, and Y is an alkali metal or ammonium in amounts of from 0.01 to 2% by weight to prevent misting in water-based cooling lubricants.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an alcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 4 to 12 OH groups, the copolymer having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide weight ratio of from 40:60 to 60:40 and a molecular weight of from 2000 to 10000 g/mol, and to their use in lubricant formulations, formulations for fiber preparation and metal machining fluids.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of copolymers containing structural units derived from the compounds of the formulae 1 and 2 in which R1 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R2 is a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkylene radical, and Y is an alkali metal or ammonium to prevent misting in water-based cooling lubricants.

Abstract: What is claimed are copolymers consisting essentially of from 1 to 90% by weight of the repetitive structural unit of the formula (1) in which R1 is hydrogen or methyl, Z is a C1-C4-alkylene group and X is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium, from 10 to 99% by weight of a repetitive structural unit which is derived from olefinically unsaturated comonomers containing at least one oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus atom and from 0 to 20% by weight of crosslinking structures originating from monomers having at least two olefinic double bonds. These copolymers are suitable for use as drift control agents for crop protection compositions.

Abstract: What is claimed are copolymers consisting essentially of from 1 to 90% by weight of the repetitive structural unit of the formula (1) 1

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of ether carboxylic acids or alkali metal or ammonium salts thereof with low residual alcohol content, which comprises firstly converting a mono- or polyhydric alcohol into the corresponding alkoxide using a substoichiometric amount between 5 and 95 mol % of a basic compound, and then reacting the alkoxide with alkylene oxides, and, if necessary after distilling off the residual alcohol which remains, alkylating the highly alkaline reaction mixture, which comprises more than 5 mol % of alkoxylated alkoxides, directly with a chloroacetic acid derivative, and, if necessary, converting the alkylated product into the free ether carboxylic acid by acidification with mineral acid.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of copolymers containing structural units derived from the compounds of the formulae 1 and 2 in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are a terminally unsaturated alkenyl radical having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 independently of one another are C1-C4 alkyl, R5 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R6 is a branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkylene radical, X is an anion, and Y is an alkali metal or ammonium to prevent misting in water-based cooling lubricants.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers which are obtainable by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an alcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 4 to 12 OH groups, the copolymer having an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide weight ratio of from 40:60 to 60:40 and a molecular weight of from 2000 to 10000 g/mol, and to their use in lubricant formulations, formulations for fiber preparation and metal machining fluids.

Abstract: Copolymers based on ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, long-chain olefins and fluoroolefins Copolymers containing 10 to 60% by weight of bivalent structural units of the formula A ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl,a and b are zero or one and a+b is one,X and Y are identical or different and are the group --N--HR.sup.3,where R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.40 -alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl, the group --N--(R.sup.3).sub.2,where R.sup.3 are identical or different and have the abovementioned meaning, and/or the group --O--R.sup.4,where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal ion, a cation of the formula H.sub.2 N.sup..sym. (R.sup.3).sub.2 or H.sub.3 N.sup..sym. R.sup.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of oxyalkylated fatty amines and fatty amines of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which A is a radical of the formula (II)-(V) ##STR2## in which R is C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, x is a number from 5 to 40,y is a number from 5 to 70 and z is 0-70% by weight of ethylene oxide, based on compounds of the formula (I) having x ethylene oxide units and y propylene oxide units, as demulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors and/or pour point depressants in crude oils.

Abstract: In the process described, esterification products of an oxyalkylated primary fatty amine and 0.5 to 1.5 mol per mole of fatty amine of a simple dicarboxylic acid or of a dicarboxylic acid from the group comprising dimeric fatty acids are employed as emulsion breakers.