Abstract: A pressure sensor that is particularly suitable inter alia for the food industry and the measuring accuracy of which is stable over a long time, having a diaphragm seal (3, 45) with a separating diaphragm (7, 53) on which a pressure (P) to be measured acts and having a ceramic measuring cell (9, 57) which is connected to the diaphragm seal (3, 45) exclusively by inorganic materials, is provided, in which sensor the separating diaphragm (7, 53) and all further sensor components coming into contact during measurement with a medium of which the pressure (P) is to be measured are metallic.

Abstract: A pressure sensor that is particularly suitable inter alia for the food industry and the measuring accuracy of which is stable over a long time, having a diaphragm seal (3, 45) with a separating diaphragm (7, 53) on which a pressure (P) to be measured acts and having a ceramic measuring cell (9, 57) which is connected to the diaphragm seal (3, 45) exclusively by inorganic materials, is provided, in which sensor the separating diaphragm (7, 53) and all further sensor components coming into contact during measurement with a medium of which the pressure (P) is to be measured are metallic.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a substrate and at least one semiconductive polymer supported by said substrate, wherein said semiconductive polymer is a copolymer in which one of the repeat units is a group of formula (I) below or a homopolymer in which the repeat unit is a group of formula (I) below: wherein A and B are the same or different and each comprises wholly or partially an aryl moiety or a heteroaryl moiety, said moiety in A being fused to the bond a-b and said moiety in B being fused to the bond c-d, and that there is a torsion angle of at least 5° between the bond a-b and the bond c-d about the bond b-d. Semiconductive polymers for use in said devices and monomers for use in the synthesis of said polymers are also provided together with a process fo the synthesis of statistical copolymers.

Abstract: A pressure sensor that is particularly suitable for the food industry and the measuring accuracy of which is stable over a long time, having a diaphragm seal with a separating diaphragm on which a pressure to be measured acts and having a ceramic measuring cell which is connected to the diaphragm seal exclusively by inorganic materials, is provided, in which sensor the separating diaphragm and all further sensor components coming into contact during measurement with a medium of which the pressure is to be measured are metallic.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data processing that improves estimation of spectral parameters of speech data and reduces algorithmic delay in a data coding operation. Estimation of spectral parameters is improved by adaptively adjusting a gain function used to enhance data based on whether the data contains information speech and noise or noise only. A determination is made concerning whether the speech signal to be processed represents articulated speech or a speech pause and a gain is formed for application to the speech signal. The lowest value the gain may assume (i.e., its lower limit) is determined based on whether the speech signal is known to represent articulated speech or not. The lower limit of the gain during periods of speech activity is constrained to be lower than the lower limit of the gain during speech pause. Also, the gain that is applied to a data frame of the speech signal is adaptively limited based on limited a priori signal-to-noise (SNR) values.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data processing that improves estimation of spectral parameters of speech data and reduces algorithmic delay in a data coding operation. Estimation of spectral parameters is improved by adaptively adjusting a gain function used to enhance data based on whether the data contains information speech and noise or noise only. Delay is reduced by extracting coding parameters using incompletely processed data. This data is formed by multiplying a less current portion of an input data frame with a synthesis window and a more current portion of the data frame with an inverse analysis window, and performing an overlap-add process on the data frame and a similarly processed previous data frame.

Abstract: The loop length, the number of bridge taps and the length of the bridged taps can be estimated by comparing through the use of differential evolution a measured frequency domain channel impulse response of the transmission line to a model of a transmission line that is composed of multiple sections and multiple bridge taps. The diagnostic and test information describing the condition of the line can then be exchanged, for example, by two transceivers during a diagnostic link mode, or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for data processing that improves estimation of spectral parameters of speech data and reduces algorithmic delay in a data coding operation. Estimation of spectral parameters is improved by adaptively adjusting a gain function used to enhance data based on whether the data contains information speech and noise or noise only. Delay is reduced by extracting coding parameters using incompletely processed data.

Abstract: A pressure sensor that is particularly suitable inter alia for the food industry and the measuring accuracy of which is stable over a long time, having a diaphragm seal (3, 45) with a separating diaphragm (7, 53) on which a pressure (P) to be measured acts and having a ceramic measuring cell (9, 57) which is connected to the diaphragm seal (3, 45) exclusively by inorganic materials, is provided, in which sensor the separating diaphragm (7, 53) and all further sensor components coming into contact during measurement with a medium of which the pressure (P) is to be measured are metallic.

Abstract: A mobile radio transceiver comprising a hands-free facility, which hands-free facility combines at least two acoustic input signals to produce an output signal, and an adaptive filter is provided for filtering the combined output signal. To achieve an improved speech quality, a high-pass filter is provided for filtering the acoustic input signals.

Abstract: To provide a flush-mounted and corrosion-resistant pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of a medium which, on the one hand, is very rugged and, on the other hand, has a casing (2) mechanically isolated from the sensing element (1) as perfectly as possible, and whose measured values exhibit little temperature dependence and little hysteresis, the casing (2) has an internal space (21) and is preferably pot-shaped for receiving the sensing element (1). An annular, particularly annular-disk-shaped, flexible connecting element (3), disposed between the casing (2) and the sensing element (1), and the sensing element close the interior space (21) toward the medium to be measured, and a liquid (4) fills the enclosed interior space (21).

Abstract: An apparatus for the transmission of speech signals reduces the effect of disturbances on the transmission quality. Two microphones are provided for picking up speech signals. Signal processing ensues in three partial frequency bands. The microphone signals are high-pass filtered in a lower frequency band, in the middle frequency band the signal is weighted with a scalar factor, so that this frequency band is damped during the speech pauses, and in the upper frequency band, an adaptive filter is used. At the beginning of the processing, a treble enhancement of the signals ensues, which is canceled by an inverse filter before the output of the improved signal.

Abstract: For measuring pressure or differential pressure, in particular for highly viscous and/or glutinous foodstuffs, provision is made for a device which exhibits a ceramic pressure sensor (1), a housing (2) and a connection element (3) which is connected releasably to the housing (2) and is intended for fastening the device on a wall (6) of a container which contains a measuring medium. Furthermore, two sealing elements (4, 9) which engage around one another coaxially are provided: an outer sealing element (4) which is located between the housing (2) and the pressure sensor (1), on the side facing the measuring medium, and an inner, exchangeable sealing element (9) which is arranged between the pressure sensor (1) and the connection element (3).

Abstract: A mobile radio terminal comprises a speech processor for processing a first and at least a further speech signal formed by noise and speech signal components and available as sample values. The sampled further speech signal is delayed by an adjustable delay value. Control means are provided which are used for forming gradient estimates. The control means are additionally used for recursively determining delay estimates from the gradient estimates. By rounding the delay estimates, the delay values are formed. Furthermore, their mutually time-shifted speech signals are added together by means of an adder device.

Abstract: A mobile radio set includes a speech processing device for processing digital samples (x(i)) of speech signals which have noise components as well as speech components. Such device includes a control unit for continuously forming estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio of the speech signals by determining and smoothing the power values of the samples thereof, and determining the minimum of each successive group of L smoothed power values. The groups uninterruptedly succeed each other and each contains a sufficient number of smoothed power values so that all the values of a single group associated with a random phoneme of the speech signal can be combined. An estimate of the present signal-to-noise ratio is formed based on the present smoothed power value and the most recently determined minimum successive smoothed power value.

Abstract: A device for measuring a force, a pressure or a torque transmitted in a force path between first and second apparatus components, includes at least three mutually spaced piezo-resistive resistor elements disposed in the force path between the first and second apparatus components such that the apparatus components orthogonally stress the resistor elements.

Abstract: This pressure gage has a housing (b 10) with a first connection (1) for applying a first pressure (p1), an interior space (11) for receiving, mounting, and sealing a sensing element (3..), a wall (12) enclosing the interior space and having a channel (41) therein for guiding reference air or a second pressure (p2), and a cover (5). The sensing element (3..) comprises a diaphragm (31), to the outer side of which the first pressure (p1) is applied, and a substrate (32) having an opening (33) through which pressure is applied to the inner side of the diaphragm (31).