Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. A switch includes a storage and a multicast management mechanism. The storage is configured to store an entry indicating a multicast group membership learned at a remote switch. The multicast management mechanism is coupled to the storage and is configured to suppress flooding of packets destined for the multicast group.

Abstract: Various embodiments relating to a social cache replacement policy are described. The techniques of the present invention disclosed utilize social network properties to guide a cache replacement policy executed by a social networking platform system. In one embodiment, a method is provided for determining a queue location to cache a data item based on a popularity score computed from social network properties. In one embodiment, a method is provided for computing the popularity score by incorporating a user's social network properties and the user's friends' social network properties. In embodiments, the popularity score may be computed using a plurality of social network properties, which may include social network properties associated with (i) the user, (ii) the consumer(s), and/or (iii) the data item(s). In embodiments, a plurality of popularity scores are maintained in a user-score database, where the plurality of popularity scores are periodically updated using historical data.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to encoding a message or portions of the message to be exchanged between a pair of users. Messages can be exchanged between a pair of users in multiple ways, e.g., electronic mail, short messaging service (SMS), messenger applications. The computing resource, e.g., network bandwidth consumed in transmission of the messages, can be minimized by encoding/compressing at least portions of a message prior to transmission. A server analyzes messages exchanged between a pair of users to identify message portions, e.g., a word or a phrase, that are commonly exchanged and generates a set of codes for those message portions. The pair of users can use the set of codes for encoding and/or decoding the messages exchanged between them. The codes are generated using a specified coding technique, e.g., Huffman coding.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes an IP header processor and a forwarding mechanism. The IP header processor identifies a destination IP address in a packet encapsulated with an inner Ethernet header, a TRILL header, and an outer Ethernet header. The forwarding mechanism determines an output port and constructs a new header for the packet based on the destination IP address. The switch also includes a packet processor which determines whether (1) an inner destination media access control (MAC) address corresponds to a local MAC address assigned to the switch; (2) a destination RBridge identifier corresponds to a local RBridge identifier assigned to the switch; and (3) an outer destination MAC address corresponds to the local MAC address.

Abstract: Various embodiments relating to a social cache replacement policy are described. The techniques of the present invention disclosed utilize social network properties to guide a cache replacement policy executed by a social networking platform system. In one embodiment, a method is provided for determining a queue location to cache a data item based on a popularity score computed from social network properties. In one embodiment, a method is provided for computing the popularity score by incorporating a user's social network properties and the user's friends' social network properties. In embodiments, the popularity score may be computed using a plurality of social network properties, which may include social network properties associated with (i) the user, (ii) the consumer(s), and/or (iii) the data item(s). In embodiments, a plurality of popularity scores are maintained in a user-score database, where the plurality of popularity scores are periodically updated using historical data.

Abstract: A client device or an online system determines a position in an interface presented by a client device for presenting content associated with an application installed on the client device based in part on a bid amount associated with the application. Scores are determined for the application and other applications installed on the client device based on an expected amount of user interaction with each application and bid amounts associated with one or more of the applications. Based on a score associated with an application, a position in the interface for presenting content associated with the application is determined. If the determined position satisfies a position specified by the bid amount and content associated with the application is presented in the determined position for at least a threshold amount of time, an online system charges a third party system associated with the application an amount.

Abstract: Various embodiments relating to a social cache replacement policy are described. The techniques of the present invention disclosed utilize social network properties to guide a cache replacement policy executed by a social networking platform system. In one embodiment, a method is provided for determining a queue location to cache a data item based on a popularity score computed from social network properties. In one embodiment, a method is provided for computing the popularity score by incorporating a user's social network properties and the user's friends' social network properties. In embodiments, the popularity score may be computed using a plurality of social network properties, which may include social network properties associated with (i) the user, (ii) the consumer(s), and/or (iii) the data item(s). In embodiments, a plurality of popularity scores are maintained in a user-score database, where the plurality of popularity scores are periodically updated using historical data.

Abstract: A novel method for performing replication of messages in a network that bridges one or more physical networks to an overlay logical network is provided. A physical gateway provides bridging between network nodes of a physical network and virtual machines in the overlay logical network by serving as an endpoint of the overlay logical network. The physical gateway does not replicate messages from the bridged physical network to destination endpoints in the overlay logical network directly, but instead tunnels the message-to-be-replicated to a designated tunnel endpoint in the overlay logical network. The designated tunnel endpoint in turn replicates the message that was tunneled to it to other endpoints in the overlay logical network.

Abstract: Various embodiments relating to a social cache replacement policy are described. The techniques of the present invention disclosed utilize social network properties to guide a cache replacement policy executed by a social networking platform system. In one embodiment, a method is provided for determining a queue location to cache a data item based on a popularity score computed from social network properties. In one embodiment, a method is provided for computing the popularity score by incorporating a user's social network properties and the user's friends' social network properties. In embodiments, the popularity score may be computed using a plurality of social network properties, which may include social network properties associated with (i) the user, (ii) the consumer(s), and/or (iii) the data item(s). In embodiments, a plurality of popularity scores are maintained in a user-score database, where the plurality of popularity scores are periodically updated using historical data.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. A switch includes a storage and a multicast management mechanism. The storage is configured to store an entry indicating a multicast group membership learned at a remote switch. The multicast management mechanism is coupled to the storage and is configured to suppress flooding of packets destined for the multicast group.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switching system. The switching system includes a Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) header processor and an Internet Protocol (IP) header processor. The TRILL header processor is configured to identify a virtual routing bridge (RBridge) identifier in a packet, and the IP header processor is configured to identify a virtual IP address in the packet. The virtual IP address is assigned to a virtual IP router associated with the virtual RBridge identifier.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a switch. The switch includes an IP header processor and a forwarding mechanism. The IP header processor identifies a destination IP address in a packet encapsulated with an inner Ethernet header, a TRILL header, and an outer Ethernet header. The forwarding mechanism determines an output port and constructs a new header for the packet based on the destination IP address. The switch also includes a packet processor which determines whether (1) an inner destination media access control (MAC) address corresponds to a local MAC address assigned to the switch; (2) a destination RBridge identifier corresponds to a local RBridge identifier assigned to the switch; and (3) an outer destination MAC address corresponds to the local MAC address.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for processing and forwarding packets are described. Some embodiments provide a system (e.g., a switch) which determines an internal virtual network identifier and/or an internal policy identifier for a packet based on a port on which the packet was received and/or one or more fields in the packet. The system can then process and forward the packet based on the internal virtual network identifier and/or internal policy identifier. In some embodiments, the system encapsulates the packet in a TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) packet by adding a TRILL header to the packet. In some embodiments, the scope of an internal virtual network identifier and/or an internal policy identifier may not extend beyond a switch or a module within a switch.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for supporting multiple multicast trees are described. Some embodiments provide a system that determines an internal multicast group identifier based on a source address, a multicast address, and a multicast tree identifier field associated with a multicast packet. The system can then forward the multicast packet based on the internal multicast group identifier. Specifically, the system can determine a first set of bits based on the source address and the multicast address of the multicast packet. The system can determine a second set of bits based on the multicast tree identifier field of the multicast packet. Next, the system can combine the first set of bits and the second set of bits to obtain the internal multicast group identifier. In some embodiments, the scope of an internal virtual network identifier does not extend beyond a switch or a forwarding module within a switch.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for performing network layer multicasting in a TRILL network are described. Some embodiments provide a system that receives multicast packet that includes a network-layer multicast-address. The multicast packet can be received on a first multicast tree associated with a first virtual network. Next, the system can determine, based on the network-layer multicast-address, a second multicast tree associated with a second virtual network over which the multicast packet is to be forwarded. The system can then forward the multicast packet on the first multicast tree associated with the first virtual network, and forward a copy of the multicast packet on the second multicast tree associated with the second virtual network.