Patents by Inventor Ralph Korenstein
Ralph Korenstein has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20220350054Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for providing an optical element is disclosed. In one example, the optical element includes a substrate formed from a Nanocomposite Optical Ceramic (NCOC) material that includes a first oxide nanograin material dispersed in a second oxide nanograin material, and a compressive layer of the NCOC material formed on a surface of the substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 7, 2022Publication date: November 3, 2022Inventors: Ralph Korenstein, Christopher S. Nordahl
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Patent number: 11451309Abstract: A dynamic aperture is disclosed. A dynamic aperture includes a base layer, a conductive structure disposed on the base layer, and a layer of a material having a dynamically controllable electrical conductivity that is disposed over the base layer and the conductive structure. A transmission profile of the dynamic aperture is determined by a combination of the conductive structure and the layer of the material. The transmission profile is dynamically alterable by controlling the electrical conductivity of the layer of the material.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2019Date of Patent: September 20, 2022Assignee: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventors: Kyle L. Grosse, Gary A. Frazier, Catherine Trent, Ralph Korenstein
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Publication number: 20220244431Abstract: A shortwave to midwave infrared (SWIR-MWIR) optical window includes a substrate formed from a nanocomposite optical ceramic material and a coating disposed on the substrate to provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection. The coating is electrically conductive and SWIR-MWIR transparent and comprises a doped zinc oxide material. A method of protecting an EO/IR sensor from electromagnetic interference (EMI) includes depositing a thin film electrically conductive and SWIR-MWIR transparent coating over a surface an optical window of the EO/IR sensor. The optical window is formed from a nanocomposite optical ceramic material and has a curved surface. The thin film electrically conductive and SWIR-MWIR transparent coating comprises an electrically conductive zinc oxide material.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 1, 2021Publication date: August 4, 2022Inventors: Eric Riedel, Ralph Korenstein
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Patent number: 11402548Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for providing an optical element is disclosed. In one example, the optical element includes a substrate formed from a Nanocomposite Optical Ceramic (NCOC) material that includes a first oxide nanograin material dispersed in a second oxide nanograin material, and a compressive layer of the NCOC material formed on a surface of the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: May 25, 2017Date of Patent: August 2, 2022Assignee: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Christopher S. Nordahl
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Publication number: 20210044364Abstract: A dynamic aperture is disclosed. A dynamic aperture includes a base layer, a conductive structure disposed on the base layer, and a layer of a material having a dynamically controllable electrical conductivity that is disposed over the base layer and the conductive structure. A transmission profile of the dynamic aperture is determined by a combination of the conductive structure and the layer of the material. The transmission profile is dynamically alterable by controlling the electrical conductivity of the layer of the material.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 9, 2019Publication date: February 11, 2021Inventors: Kyle L. Grosse, Gary A. Frazier, Catherine Trent, Ralph Korenstein
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Patent number: 10550041Abstract: Fluoride-based nanocomposite materials, optical articles made therefrom, and methods of making the fluoride-nanocomposite materials and optical articles. In certain examples, a fluoride-based nanocomposite material includes two or more interspersed fluoride-based nanograin materials with grains having one, two, or three dimensions that are less than 1 micrometer.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 2018Date of Patent: February 4, 2020Assignee: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventor: Ralph Korenstein
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Patent number: 10385220Abstract: Systems and method for forming a nanocomposite material. One example of a nanocomposite material includes a first sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a first nanophase and a second sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a second nanophase, wherein the nanocomposite material is at least partially long-wave infrared (LWIR) transmitting, and the first nanophase and the second nanophase are co-dispersed to form interpenetrating networks with one another and each has a grain structure that is distinct from one another.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 2018Date of Patent: August 20, 2019Assignee: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventors: Joseph M. Wahl, Richard L. Gentilman, Randal W. Tustison, Christopher S. Nordahl, Huy Q. Nguyen, Ralph Korenstein
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Publication number: 20180341047Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for providing an optical element is disclosed. In one example, the optical element includes a substrate formed from a Nanocomposite Optical Ceramic (NCOC) material that includes a first oxide nanograin material dispersed in a second oxide nanograin material, and a compressive layer of the NCOC material formed on a surface of the substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 25, 2017Publication date: November 29, 2018Inventors: Ralph Korenstein, Christopher S. Nordahl
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Publication number: 20180258294Abstract: Systems and method for forming a nanocomposite material. One example of a nanocomposite material includes a first sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a first nanophase and a second sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a second nanophase, wherein the nanocomposite material is at least partially long-wave infrared (LWIR) transmitting, and the first nanophase and the second nanophase are co-dispersed to form interpenetrating networks with one another and each has a grain structure that is distinct from one another.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 15, 2018Publication date: September 13, 2018Inventors: Joseph M. Wahl, Richard L. Gentilman, Randal W. Tustison, Christopher S. Nordahl, Huy Q. Nguyen, Ralph Korenstein
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Patent number: 10000642Abstract: Systems and method for forming a nanocomposite material. One example of a nanocomposite material includes a first sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a first nanophase and a second sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a second nanophase, wherein the nanocomposite material is at least partially long-wave infrared (LWIR) transmitting, and the first nanophase and the second nanophase are co-dispersed to form interpenetrating networks with one another and each has a grain structure that is distinct from one another.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 2014Date of Patent: June 19, 2018Assignee: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventors: Joseph M. Wahl, Richard L. Gentilman, Randall W. Tustison, Christopher S. Nordahl, Huy Q. Nguyen, Ralph Korenstein
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Publication number: 20160068686Abstract: Systems and method for forming a nanocomposite material. One example of a nanocomposite material includes a first sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a first nanophase and a second sulfur-based nanoparticle material defining a second nanophase, wherein the nanocomposite material is at least partially long-wave infrared (LWIR) transmitting, and the first nanophase and the second nanophase are co-dispersed to form interpenetrating networks with one another and each has a grain structure that is distinct from one another.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 5, 2014Publication date: March 10, 2016Inventors: Joseph M. Wahl, Richard L. Gentilman, Randall W. Tustison, Christopher S. Nordahl, Huy Q. Nguyen, Ralph Korenstein
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Patent number: 9064610Abstract: An apparatus includes a beta particle source configured to provide beta particles. The apparatus also includes a diamond moderator configured to convert at least some of the beta particles into lower-energy electrons. The apparatus further includes a PN junction configured to receive the electrons and to provide electrical power to a load. The diamond moderator is located between the beta particle source and the PN junction. The apparatus could also include an electron amplifier configured to bias the diamond moderator. For example, the electron amplifier could be configured to receive some of the beta particles and to generate additional electrons that bias the diamond moderator. Also, the diamond moderator can be configured to receive the beta particles having energies that are spread out over a wider range including higher energies, and the diamond moderator can be configured to provide the electrons concentrated in a narrower range at lower energies.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 2012Date of Patent: June 23, 2015Assignee: Raytheon Co.Inventors: Chae Deok Lee, Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon
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Patent number: 8698161Abstract: A semiconductor structure is bonded directly to a diamond substrate by Van der Waal forces. The diamond substrate is formed by polishing a surface of diamond to a first degree of smoothness; forming a material, such as diamond, BeO, GaN, MgO, or SiO2 or other oxides, over the polished surface to provide an intermediate structure; and re-polishing the material formed on the intermediate structure to a second degree of smoothness smoother than the first degree of smoothness. The diamond is bonded to the semiconductor structure, such as GaN, by providing a structure having bottom surfaces of a semiconductor on an underlying material; forming grooves through the semiconductor and into the underlying material; separating semiconductor along the grooves into a plurality of separate semiconductor structures; removing the separated semiconductor structures from the underlying material; and contacting the bottom surface of at least one of the separated semiconductor structures to the diamond substrate.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2010Date of Patent: April 15, 2014Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon, Chae Doek Lee
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Publication number: 20130264907Abstract: An apparatus includes a beta particle source configured to provide beta particles. The apparatus also includes a diamond moderator configured to convert at least some of the beta particles into lower-energy electrons. The apparatus further includes a PN junction configured to receive the electrons and to provide electrical power to a load. The diamond moderator is located between the beta particle source and the PN junction. The apparatus could also include an electron amplifier configured to bias the diamond moderator. For example, the electron amplifier could be configured to receive some of the beta particles and to generate additional electrons that bias the diamond moderator. Also, the diamond moderator can be configured to receive the beta particles having energies that are spread out over a wider range including higher energies, and the diamond moderator can be configured to provide the electrons concentrated in a narrower range at lower energies.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 5, 2012Publication date: October 10, 2013Applicant: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Chae Deok Lee, Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon
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Patent number: 8450185Abstract: A semiconductor structure is bonded directly to a diamond substrate by Van der Waal forces. The diamond substrate is formed by polishing a surface of diamond to a first degree of smoothness; forming a material, such as diamond, BeO, GaN, MgO, or SiO2 or other oxides, over the polished surface to provide an intermediate structure; and re-polishing the material formed on the intermediate structure to a second degree of smoothness smoother than the first degree of smoothness. The diamond is bonded to the semiconductor structure, such as GaN, by providing a structure having bottom surfaces of a semiconductor on an underlying material; forming grooves through the semiconductor and into the underlying material; separating semiconductor along the grooves into a plurality of separate semiconductor structures; removing the separated semiconductor structures from the underlying material; and contacting the bottom surface of at least one of the separated semiconductor structures to the diamond substrate.Type: GrantFiled: May 14, 2012Date of Patent: May 28, 2013Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon, Chae Deok Lee
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Publication number: 20120225536Abstract: A semiconductor structure is bonded directly to a diamond substrate by Van der Waal forces. The diamond substrate is formed by polishing a surface of diamond to a first degree of smoothness; forming a material, such as diamond, BeO, GaN, MgO, or SiO2 or other oxides, over the polished surface to provide an intermediate structure; and re-polishing the material formed on the intermediate structure to a second degree of smoothness smoother than the first degree of smoothness. The diamond is bonded to the semiconductor structure, such as GaN, by providing a structure having bottom surfaces of a semiconductor on an underlying material; forming grooves through the semiconductor and into the underlying material; separating semiconductor along the grooves into a plurality of separate semiconductor structures; removing the separated semiconductor structures from the underlying material; and contacting the bottom surface of at least one of the separated semiconductor structures to the diamond substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 14, 2012Publication date: September 6, 2012Applicant: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon, Chae Deok Lee
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Publication number: 20120153294Abstract: A semiconductor structure is bonded directly to a diamond substrate by Van der Waal forces. The diamond substrate is formed by polishing a surface of diamond to a first degree of smoothness; forming a material, such as diamond, BeO, GaN, MgO, or SiO2 or other oxides, over the polished surface to provide an intermediate structure; and re-polishing the material formed on the intermediate structure to a second degree of smoothness smoother than the first degree of smoothness. The diamond is bonded to the semiconductor structure, such as GaN, by providing a structure having bottom surfaces of a semiconductor on an underlying material; forming grooves through the semiconductor and into the underlying material; separating semiconductor along the grooves into a plurality of separate semiconductor structures; removing the separated semiconductor structures from the underlying material; and contacting the bottom surface of at least one of the separated semiconductor structures to the diamond substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 17, 2010Publication date: June 21, 2012Applicant: RAYTHEON COMPANYInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Mary K. Herndon, Chae Deok Lee
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Patent number: 8174024Abstract: In one aspect, a device includes a gallium nitride (GaN) layer, a first diamond layer disposed on the GaN layer, a gate structure disposed in contact with the GaN layer and the first diamond layer, and a second diamond layer having a first thermal conductivity and disposed on a second surface of the GaN layer. The gate and the first diamond layer are disposed on a first surface of the GaN layer opposite the second surface of the GaN layer.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2011Date of Patent: May 8, 2012Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Steven D. Bernstein, Stephen J. Pereira
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Publication number: 20110241018Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes fabricating a device. The device includes a gallium nitride (GaN) layer, a diamond layer disposed on the GaN layer and a gate structure disposed in contact with the GaN layer and the diamond layer. In another aspect, a device includes a gallium nitride (GaN) layer, a diamond layer disposed on the GaN layer and a gate structure disposed in contact with the GaN layer and the diamond layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 10, 2011Publication date: October 6, 2011Applicant: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Steven D. Bernstein, Stephen J. Pereira
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Patent number: 7989261Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes fabricating a device. The device includes a gallium nitride (GaN) layer, a diamond layer disposed on the GaN layer and a gate structure disposed in contact with the GaN layer and the diamond layer. In another aspect, a device includes a gallium nitride (GaN) layer, a diamond layer disposed on the GaN layer and a gate structure disposed in contact with the GaN layer and the diamond layer.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 2008Date of Patent: August 2, 2011Assignee: Raytheon CompanyInventors: Ralph Korenstein, Steven D. Bernstein, Stephen J. Pereira