Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes monitoring a first control channel search space (SS) associated with a first normal beam set comprising a first beam set. The WTRU initiates extended monitoring and monitors, subsequent to a trigger based on a measurement by the WTRU, a control channel SS associated with an extended beam set comprising the first beam set and one or more additional beam sets. The WTRU determines a second beam set from the extended beam set. The determination is based on a received control channel beam switch command or based on a control channel SS in which a beam switch command is received. The WTRU monitors a second control channel SS associated with a second normal beam set comprising the determined second beam set.

Abstract: A method and configurations are discussed relative to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in the form of a multi subscriber identity module (MUSIM). The paging information for the WTRU may be optimized for power consumption. The paging information may be modified to provide one or more of a maximum deep sleeping time duration requirement, a minimum number of power state transitions, and minimum power penalty associated with power state transitions. The modified paging information may set a paging occasion offset windows and a time direction indication associated therewith.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for transmission configuration indication, TCI, management in near-field, NF, are described. A wireless transmit-receive unit, WTRU, may be configured with multiple TCI sets. Each TCI set may consist of TCI states of NF beams and a TCI state of far-field, FF, beam. The WTRU may determine and may report a preferred TCI set based on measurement on a source reference signal of a TCI state of FF beam. The WTRU may be indicated with an active TCI set and a semi-active TCI set. The active/semi-active status may be switched via downlink control information. The switching delay from semi-active to active status is shorter than from de-active to active status.

Abstract: Apparatus for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU receives a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs which indicates the beams/SSBs is used to receive paging DCI, e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI, over PDSCH. A WTRU utilizes the default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs in order to determine PDCCH monitoring occasions, PMOs, that are monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions, POs. A WTRU sends paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources, if the suitable SSB fulfills a SSB criteria, if the activation duration has elapsed and if the monitoring duration has elapsed. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs, e.g., a field of view, FOV, around a suitable SSB. Said paging activation requests implements a minimal feedback-based paging procedure for paging in highly directional systems, to which the gNB replies with paging configuration for the suitable SSB.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrowband (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for near-field uplink multiple input multiple output. A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) may determine one or more angles of reception of one or more reference signals (RS) transmitted by a network node in direction of the WTRU. In reply, the WTRU may transmit an indicated subset of sounding reference signals (SRS) in the direction of the network node antenna array using a corresponding set of uplink transmission beams that correspond to a beam separation. The network node may determine if the beam separation that the WTRU used was proper. Hence, the WTRU may receive an indication from the network to change, the beam separation. Based on the beam separation indication, the WTRU may change the uplink transmission beams in order to increase or decrease the beam separation, for a subsequent transmission of a subsequently indicated subset of SRS.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for chained and delayed wake-up. For example, a station (STA) may determine, at the formation of a group of STAs, a common service period for the group. The STA may determine a deferral time for a first STA of the group. The deferral time may indicate when the first STA wakes up to receive a wake-up packet. The STA may receive, from an access point (AP), during a service period in which the STA acts as a head node for communication with the AP, a wake-up packet addressed to the first STA. The STA may transmit, based on a determination that the deferral time associated with the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA ends after the service period in which the STA acts as a head node, a wake-up command that includes the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method implemented in a WTRU comprises receiving a first message comprising first information indicating a configuration of a set of precoders, a set of correction factors, association between each precoder of the set of precoders with at least one correction factor from the set of correction factors, and at least one RS; receiving at least one reference signal; determining a first precoder based on at least one measurement on the at least one RS; determining a subset of correction factors associated with the first precoder; determining a correction factor from the subset of correction factors; determining a second precoder based on the first precoder and the determined correction factor; and transmitting a second message comprising second information indicating the second precoder.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for reporting of precoders, in particular hybrid precoders for near-field and far-field operation. A wireless transmit/receive unit measures one or more downlink, DL, reference signals, RSs, to obtain a measurement result, determines, based on the measurement result, at least a first set of vectors, determines, based on the measurement result, at least a second set of vectors having complex valued elements, across which phase progression is non-linear, determines precoder information comprising at least the first set of vectors and the second set of vectors, and transmits, to a transmission reception point, information indicating the precoder information.

Abstract: For a wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) moving between near field and far field (NF/FF) regions of a cell, the planar wave approximation used in the FF region may not be adapted to the NF region. Therefore, the WTRU may determine a transmission precoder type of a set of transmission precoder types, and at least one downlink (DL) reference signal (RS). The WTRU may perform one or more measurements based on the DL RS. The WTRU may determine a transmission precoder type from the set of transmission precoder types based on the one or more measurements meeting the associated conditions. The WTRU may transmit a report to the network, the report comprising an indication of the determined transmission precoder type, to be used by the network for DL transmissions to the WTRU, for improved reception of these transmissions by the WTRU in the region where the WTRU is located.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving first information indicating a network coverage ensemble area; receiving second information indicating a set of candidate beams and a configuration associated with the set of candidate beams; performing first local sensor measurements; selecting a subset of candidate beams from the set of candidate beams based on the first local sensor measurements and the network coverage ensemble area, responsive to a detection of a beam failure; performing, for each candidate beams, second local sensor measurements and radio measurements; selecting a candidate beam based on criteria associated with the second local sensor measurements and with the radio measurements; determining at least one random access channel (RACH) parameter for the selected candidate beam; and sending RACH transmission on the selected candidate beam using the at least one RACH par

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for idle mode mobility in an ultra-low power (ULP) system. Idle mode mobility in a ULP system may support energy efficient downlink signaling. An association may be identified between a Uu cell and a ULP cell. Switching between Uu cells may limit power savings gains from ULP receivers. Enabling switching between ULP cells without switching between Uu cells may help maintain the power savings gains from ULP receivers. A wireless transmit/receive unit may be configured to perform ULP cell reselection, for example, without triggering Uu cell reselection (e.g., to maintain power savings gains).

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to report to a network the WTRU capability for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) decoding including supported number of discrete fourier transform (DFT) modules and sizes and receive from the network a PDCCH configuration as a search space and control resource set (CORESET) configurations having a spreading factor or an orthogonal code length, a number of frequency resource groups (FRGs) and associated sizes, an indication of code domain multiplexing, and a CORESET format. The WTRU determines resource groups (RG) size and a number of RGs per control channel elements (CCE) based on configured spreading factor and FRG size, and determines an association between RGs and orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) per FRG and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol based on, among other things, the configured spreading factor.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to channel access with channel occupancy time (COT) sharing are described herein. A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes transmitting, to a base station, first scheduling information associated with a SL transmission to be transmitted to another WTRU in unlicensed spectrum. The method includes receiving, from the base station, second scheduling information indicating a scheduling of the SL transmission and a shared COT, wherein the shared COT may be shared between any of uplink, downlink and sidelink transmissions. The method includes determining that the SL transmission is scheduled in the shared COT. The method includes transmitting the SL transmission to the other WTRU with no listen before talk (LBT) or with a shorter LBT than a full LBT based on the determining that the SL transmission may be scheduled in the shared channel occupancy time.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for beam selection. A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, measures received power of a received first downlink, DL, reference signal, RS, received from a network, and, upon determination that a value based on the measured received power satisfies at least one first criterion, determines a value range to which the value belongs, determines a set of second DL RS associated with the determined value range, measures the determined set of second DL RS to obtain a corresponding set of first measurement results, selects a DL RS from the set of second DL RS based on the set of first measurement results, and transmits, to the network, information indicative of at least one of the selected DL RS and the corresponding first measurement result.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with wireless communications using single carrier waveforms. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) as described herein may receive configuration information that may indicate a control channel element (CCE) and a plurality of resource groups associated with the CCE. Each resource group may include a respective time resource element (TRE) and a respective frequency resource group (FRG), wherein each respective TRE may include a non-integer number of time units, and each respective FRG may include multiple frequency units. The WTRU may determine that the CCE may be associated with a downlink control channel transmission, and further determine allocation pattern information associated with the resource groups in a search space.

Abstract: One or more systems, devices, and/or methods may address signal design for ultra-low power receivers. Transmitter and receiver architectures capable of generating signals and waveforms supporting the operation of ultra-low-power receivers and compatible with OFDM-based signals are disclosed. In some cases, there may be procedures that address one or more of the following: device detection of an on-off keying (OOK) modulated sequence with redundant bits corresponding to OFDM symbols' cyclic prefix; device detection of an OOK modulated sequence with dynamic bit duration corresponding to long and short OFDM symbols; device reception of an OOK modulated DCI/message with redundant bits corresponding to OFDM symbols' cyclic prefix; and/or, device reception of an OOK modulated DCI/message with dynamic bit duration corresponding to long and short OFDM symbols.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send assistance information to a network element. The assistance information may indicate that the WTRU can use sensor data for mobility. The WTRU may receive conditional PSCell change (CPC) configuration information, for example from the network element. The CPC configuration information may include one or more of a CPC candidate for device mobility, a CPC candidate for external mobility, and/or a trigger for performing CPC based on the assistance information. The WTRU may perform a CPC, for example based on a cell quality of a serving cell being below a threshold. The WTRU may determine whether to use the CPC candidate for device mobility and/or the CPC candidate for external mobility based on the sensor data and the trigger, for example to perform the CPC.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for a backscatter measurement based multiple RACH preamble transmissions are disclosed. A WTRU may receive a JCS-RS configuration comprising a minimum RACH preamble retransmission interval. The JCS-RS configuration may comprise a JCS backscatter power fraction (?) of the WTRU transmit power (PTx). The WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble in a RACH occasion corresponding to a preferred SS/PBCH Index using an initial WTRU transmit beam, having an associated first RA-RNTI value. The backscatter power (PBS) may be measured using the WTRU receive beam corresponding to the WTRU transmit beam used for the RACH preamble transmission. On a condition that PBS>?PTX, the WTRU may retransmit the RACH preamble after a retransmission interval, on resources associated with a second RA-RNTI value. The WTRU may be configured for monitoring the PDCCH common search space with the first RA-RNTI and the second RA-RNTI, for respective RAR window intervals.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for near-field (NF) region detection. It may be beneficial if a wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) and the network are aware of whether the WTRU is within a NF region or not. A WTRU may be configured with a primary (P-RS) and a secondary (S-RS) set of resources. The WTRU performs measurements on each pair of associated RS resources selected from the P-RS and S-RS resource sets. Based on measurement results, the WTRU selects one or more RS groups that include a S-RS and an associated P-RS, and determines whether a pre-defined measurement condition is fulfilled. Based on the determined state for the selected RS groups, the WTRU determines to report an NF detection to the network, such as to enable location division multiple access and beam focusing which may enable enhanced spectrum efficiency.