Abstract: A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, comprising: sending, to a network, information indicating a capability for determining WTRU orientations associated with receive beams: receiving information indicating a plurality of sets of parameters associated with a beam failure detection and recovery, BFDR, procedure, the plurality of sets of parameters being associated with a plurality of receive beams, respectively, and each of the plurality of sets of parameters comprises criteria and one or more WTRU orientations associated with a receive beam of the plurality of receive beams: determining, a BFDR configuration corresponding to a second of the plurality of receive beams based upon a first of the plurality of receive beams and based upon a second WTRU orientation associated with the second receive beam based on one or more measurements; and performing a BFDR procedure for the second receive beam based on the criteria and the second WTRU orientation.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for method for energy harvesting (EH) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are provided. A method may include any of receiving information indicating EH receiver configuration information (EHRCI) including information indicating an EH priority of the WTRU; and on condition that the EH priority of the WTRU indicates that the WTRU is permitted to perform EH, performing the EH on signaling received via the EH receiver according to the EHRCI.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement.

Abstract: Approaches for idle mode operations for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with zero-energy (ZE) receivers are disclosed herein. A WTRU operating in idle mode, may receive using the main transceiver over a Uu interface, an energy harvesting (EH) configuration for use over a ZE air interface. The main transceiver may be turned off, and the ZE receiver as part of a ZE idle mode operation, may detect, over the ZE air interface, and harvest energy from ZE reference signals. The WTRU may calculate an amount of energy harvested from the ZE reference signals over a first time period. The WTRU may calculate a ZE idle mode operation energy consumption over the first time period. On a condition that the ZE idle mode operation energy consumption is greater than the harvested energy, the main transceiver may be turned on and the WTRU may enter a Uu interface idle mode operation.

Abstract: An Evanescent Cell (EC) refers to a WTRU-centric cell exploiting highly directional transmissions. An EC may comprise one or more beams from one or more BSs/gNBs/TRPs that may be operated by the same or different operators. An EC may be created utilizing knowledge of radio planning having detected the presence of one or more WTRU. A Beam-Group (BG) refers to a group of beams associated with an EC. All beams associated with an EC may be categorized into multiple BGs. Each BG may be made up of one or more beams from multiple BSs/gNBs/TRPs. Multiple BGs within an EC may be enabled to ease the burden of cell management. In one or more embodiments, there may be systems, procedures, and/or devices for EC/BG detection, deactivation, activation, selection, reselection, and augmentation. Further, there may be one or more embodiments for hierarchical system information acquisition as they relate to ECs/BGs.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, apparatuses, devices, and computer program products for determining sidelink transmission power.

Abstract: A method for initial timing synchronization for a WTRU to communicate with a network includes receiving an in-channel narrowband synchronization sequence from the network to enable initial coarse timing synchronization, determining coarse timing offset and a range between a beam source of a network transmitter and the WTRU, selecting a wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization using the estimated range, transmitting the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization during an uplink timing occasion, receiving from the network a transmission of the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization, and establishing fine timing synchronization between the WTRU and the network using the selected sequence.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a WTRU to harvest energy from uplink signals of other WTRUs in a wireless network are disclosed. In an example, a method includes sending WTRU location information and determining a mapping between one or more geographical areas and their respective unique geographical radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) (geo-RNTI) and determining a current geo-RNTI of the WTRU based on the WTRU location information. The method may include decoding one or more configuration parameters of a first group of one or more other WTRU in the determined geo-RNTI, switching receive circuitry of the WTRU based on the one or more configuration parameters decoded; and harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy from uplink transmissions of the one or more other WTRUs based on switching of the receive circuitry.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, may include an Energy Harvesting device, EH, a Zero Energy transceiver, ZE, and a main transceiver. The WTRU may initialize operation using the main transceiver, and receive beam detection configuration and mapping information. The WTRU may initialize beam (re-) selection procedure using the ZE transceiver, and use the received beam detection configuration to determine detectable beam IDs. and use the received mapping information to retrieve EH signaling configuration. The WTRU determines expected EH performance for each detected beam, and selects the beam with best expected EH performance. On condition that the WTRU determines necessity of dynamic EH signaling for the selected beam, it proceeds with presence declaration procedure to request optimized dynamic EH signaling. The WTRU utilizes control signaling channel parameters to dynamically receive optimized EH signal configuration, and configures its EH circuitry, and harvests energy.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a millimeter WTRU (mWTRU)) may receive a first control channel using a first antenna pattern. The WTRU may receive a second control channel using a second antenna pattern. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the first control channel. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the second control channel. The WTRU may determine, using at least one of: the decoded first control channel or the second control channel, beam scheduling information associated with the WTRU and whether the WTRU is scheduled for an mmW segment. The WTRU may form a receive beam using the determined beam scheduling information. The WTRU receive the second control channel using the receive beam. The WTRU determine, by demodulating and decoding the second control channel, dynamic per-TTI scheduling information related to a data channel associated with the second control channel.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement. Further, the method includes the WTRU evaluating a reliability of the PDOA measurement and an accuracy of the range estimate and, on a condition that a sufficient accuracy has been achieved, reporting the range estimate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a WTRU to harvest energy from uplink signals of other WTRUs in a wireless network are disclosed. In an example, a method includes sending a message indicating resources and capability of energy harvesting (EH) from sets of resources of the plurality of resources; receiving one or more SRS super-sets, each SRS super-set being associated with a group of other WTRUs and at least one set of resources of the plurality of resources; determining a mapping between a receive beam and an SRS super-set; receiving uplink transmission patterns each being associated with an SRS super-set; selecting a receive beam from a set of receive beams based on the received uplink transmission patterns; and harvesting RF energy from uplink transmissions of one or more groups of other WTRUs using at least the selected receive beam and the received uplink transmission patterns.

Abstract: A resonance magnetic coupling (RMC) communication may be enabled between devices. A device may use a discovery mechanism to transmit and exchange information. A device may use the discovery mechanism to establish a RMC communication channel and may determine its parameterization. A device using a RMC communication may transmit a discovery signal to determine channelization and/or properties of the RMC link. The discovery signal may be generated in the form of a beacon transmission. A signal sequence may be employed for a discovery signal. A device using a RMC communication may transmit a sequence of beacon or discovery signals to track characteristics of the RMC link. Beacon scheduling may be used for RMC communications, and the communication channel may not be static and may be a function of distance and orientation. A device using a RMC communication may sense the channel for potential beacon or sequence signals from other devices.

Abstract: A method for initial timing synchronization for a WTRU to communicate with a network includes receiving an in-channel narrowband synchronization sequence from the network to enable initial coarse timing synchronization, determining coarse timing offset and a range between a beam source of a network transmitter and the WTRU, selecting a wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization using the estimated range, transmitting the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization during an uplink timing occasion, receiving from the network a transmission of the selected wideband sequence for fine timing synchronization, and establishing fine timing synchronization between the WTRU and the network using the selected sequence.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for waveform design and signaling for energy harvesting (EH) in a wireless network are disclosed.

Abstract: A WTRU may receive an indication of a set of baseline configurations (e.g., the set of baseline configurations or a pointer/index to the set of baseline configurations). The set of baseline configurations may include at least a first baseline configuration and a second baseline configuration. The WTRU may receive first information (e.g., a first signature), wherein the first information indicates that the first baseline configuration is a selected baseline configuration (e.g., a current SI baseline). The first information may be received via the low power receiver. The WTRU may receive and/or determine scheduling information. The scheduling information may include at least an indication of a first schedule associated with first update information. The WTRU may receive, in accordance with the first schedule, second information (e.g., a second signature). The second information may indicate the first update information (e.g.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to perform a method that comprises receiving a downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a first physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission and a second PDSCH transmission. The DCI comprises an indication of a beam identifier. The DCI indicates a time domain resource information for the first PDSCH transmission and the second PDSCH transmission. The method comprises receiving the first PDSCH transmission using a first beam. The first beam is a beam used for receiving a control channel transmission. The method comprises receiving the second PDSCH transmission using a second beam. The second beam is a beam of the beam identifier indicated in the DCI.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are described that may be implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for sidelink (SL) communication. In one representative method, the WTRU estimates a primary direction for a SL transmission. The first WTRU derives a paired direction associated with the primary direction. SL control information (SCI) sensing in the primary and paired directions may be performed to detect SL transmissions and/or reservations from other WTRUs. The WTRU may select a SL resource using any sensed SCI in the primary and paired directions. The WTRU may proceed to transmit SL control and data over the selected SL resource, such as in a SL slot. For example, the transmission of SL control information may include SCI transmission in the primary and paired directions in the same symbols of a slot.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitting, Tx, WTRU performing sidelink, SL, communications with a receiving, Rx, WTRU, includes sending a periodic SL resource allocation request to a base station, BS, including directional information comprising a direction of transmission to the Rx WTRU, receiving configuration information of multiple sets of periodic time-frequency, T-F, resources for SL communication with the Rx WTRU, the configuration information including an indication of a first set of the multiple sets of T-F resources to use for SL communication with the Rx WTRU, and transmitting on SL to the Rx WTRU using the first set of T-F resources using the direction of transmission to the Rx WTRU.