Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include one or more antennas and a first transceiver operatively coupled to the antennas. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be configured to receive a first signal from a network using zero energy from the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be further configured to extract energy from the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to examine a separation between energy threshold events to decode an energy signature of the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to activate a second transceiver operatively coupled to the one or more antennas if the decoded energy signature matches a stored energy signature, wherein the second transceiver is powered by the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the second transceiver may be configured to receive a second signal from the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) (e.g., a millimeter WTRU (mWTRU)) may receive a first control channel using a first antenna pattern. The WTRU may receive a second control channel using a second antenna pattern. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the first control channel. The WTRU may demodulate and decode the second control channel. The WTRU may determine, using at least one of: the decoded first control channel or the second control channel, beam scheduling information associated with the WTRU and whether the WTRU is scheduled for an mmW segment. The WTRU may form a receive beam using the determined beam scheduling information. The WTRU receive the second control channel using the receive beam. The WTRU determine, by demodulating and decoding the second control channel, dynamic per-TTI scheduling information related to a data channel associated with the second control channel.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for processing a multi-level transmission sent on a common set of resources using superposition coding, comprising determining a first group radio network temporary identifier (GRNTI), wherein the GRNTI is associated with a broadcast transmission to a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs), determining a second GRNTI, wherein the second GRNTI is associated with a transmission to a subset of the plurality of WTRUs that received the first GRNTI, receiving the multi-level transmission, wherein the multi-level transmission comprises a first level message and a second level message, decoding the first level message from the multi-level transmission using the first GRNTI and preconfigured control information, and decoding the second level message from the multi-level transmission using the second GRNTI.

Abstract: A base station may sense, on a cell using unlicensed spectrum, that the unlicensed spectrum is available for transmission. The base station may transmit, after sensing that the unlicensed spectrum is available, consecutive subframes. Each subframe may include a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing a random access (RA) procedure. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive RA resource sets, where each of the RA resource sets is associated with a node-B directional beam, select an RA resource set from among the RA resource sets, and initiate an RA procedure based on the selected RA resource set. The RA procedure may include selecting multiple preambles which include a preamble for each resource of a plurality of resources corresponding to the selected RA resource set. The WTRU may be configured to sequentially transmit the selected multiple preambles in sequential RA transmissions, and may be configured to receive, from a node-B, in response to the RA transmissions, at least one RA response (RAR), where each of the received at least one RAR corresponds to one of the transmitted multiple preambles.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include one or more antennas and a first transceiver operatively coupled to the antennas. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be configured to receive a first signal from a network using zero energy from the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be further configured to extract energy from the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to examine a separation between energy threshold events to decode an energy signature of the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to activate a second transceiver operatively coupled to the one or more antennas if the decoded energy signature matches a stored energy signature, wherein the second transceiver is powered by the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the second transceiver may be configured to receive a second signal from the network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes monitoring a first control channel search space (SS) associated with a first normal beam set comprising a first beam set. The WTRU initiates extended monitoring and monitors, subsequent to a trigger based on a measurement by the WTRU, a control channel SS associated with an extended beam set comprising the first beam set and one or more additional beam sets. The WTRU determines a second beam set from the extended beam set. The determination is based on a received control channel beam switch command or based on a control channel SS in which a beam switch command is received. The WTRU monitors a second control channel SS associated with a second normal beam set comprising the determined second beam set.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for paring an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a UAV-controller (UAV-C). For example, a UAV having a UAV wireless transmit/receive unit (UAV WTRU) may transmit, to an access and mobility management function (AMF), a non-access stratum (NAS) request message that includes a paring request indication and a UAV-controller (UAV-C) identification (UAV-C ID). The UAV-C ID may be carried in a paring request to an unmanned aerial system (UAS) service supplier (USS)/UAS traffic management (UTM) for paring authorization of the UAV with a UAV-C associated with the UAV-C ID. The UAV may receive, from the AMF, a NAS response message that includes an unmanned aerial system (UAS) identification (UAS ID) indicating that the UAV is paired with the UAV-C, wherein the UAS ID is assigned by the USS/UTM.

Abstract: A method performed by a base station may include transmitting a configuration message including at least information indicating a subset of a plurality of transmit beams to be used for transmitting a set of synchronization signals. The set of synchronization signals including a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal may be transmitted. A random access channel (RACH) transmission may be received using a receive beam associated with one of the subset of the plurality of transmit beams used by the base station to transmit the set of synchronization signals. The transmitted set of synchronization signals transmitted may have a signal quality above a signal quality threshold. A reference signal may be transmitted along with a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission. The reference signal may have a sequence derived from a beam index associated with the one of the subset of the plurality of transmit beams.

Abstract: A base station may sense, on a cell using unlicensed spectrum, that the unlicensed spectrum is available for transmission. The base station may transmit, after sensing that the unlicensed spectrum is available, consecutive subframes. Each subframe may include a physical downlink control channel and a physical downlink shared channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes monitoring a first control channel search space (SS) associated with a first normal beam set comprising a first beam set. The WTRU initiates extended monitoring and monitors, subsequent to a trigger based on a measurement by the WTRU, a control channel SS associated with an extended beam set comprising the first beam set and one or more additional beam sets. The WTRU determines a second beam set from the extended beam set. The determination is based on a received control channel beam switch command or based on a control channel SS in which a beam switch command is received. The WTRU monitors a second control channel SS associated with a second normal beam set comprising the determined second beam set.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for receive (Rx) beam selection are described herein. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive, from a base station (BS), configuration information for joint communication and sensing (JCS) reference signals. The configuration information may include resources for reference signal transmission and resources for measurement reporting. The WTRU may be further configured to receive, from the BS, an indication to activate a subset of the resources for JCS reference signal transmission. The WTRU may be further configured to transmit, a plurality of JCS reference signals using the activated subset of resources for reference signal transmission. The WTRU may be further configured to measure, via a plurality of Rx beams, a backscatter power associated with each of the transmitted plurality of JCS reference signals. The WTRU may be further configured to calculate beam blockage statistics based on the measured backscatter power.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing a random access (RA) procedure. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive RA resource sets, where each of the RA resource sets is associated with a node-B directional beam, select an RA resource set from among the RA resource sets, and initiate an RA procedure based on the selected RA resource set. The RA procedure may include selecting multiple preambles which include a preamble for each resource of a plurality of resources corresponding to the selected RA resource set. The WTRU may be configured to sequentially transmit the selected multiple preambles in sequential RA transmissions, and may be configured to receive, from a node-B, in response to the RA transmissions, at least one RA response (RAR), where each of the received at least one RAR corresponds to one of the transmitted multiple preambles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for initial cell search and selection using beamforming are described. An apparatus is configured with multiple receive beams and includes an antenna and a processor. The processor is operatively coupled to the antenna and sweeps a respective one of the multiple receive beams during each of multiple synchronization sub-frames, using a pre-defined sweep time and dwell period, to detect a synchronization signal. The processor also obtains symbol timing information and a synchronization signal index from the detected synchronization signal. The obtained synchronization signal index corresponds to a synchronization signal index of the set. The process decodes a first broadcast channel using the obtained symbol timing information, the obtained synchronization signal index and a predefined or blind-coded symbol distance between the detected synchronization signal and the first broadcast channel.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives first timing advances and first power control commands from a first eNodeB and second timing advances and second power control commands from a second eNodeB and transmits, to the first eNodeB, a first physical uplink control channel using a first uplink component carrier. The first physical uplink control channel has a first timing adjusted by the first timing advances but not by the second timing advances and a first power level adjusted by the first power control commands but not by the second power control commands. The WTRU transmits a second physical uplink control channel using a second uplink component carrier. The second physical uplink control channel has a second timing adjusted by the second timing advances but not by the first timing advances and a second power level adjusted by the second power control commands but not by the first power control commands.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive an identifier of a beam. The WTRU is configured to measure a downlink quality associated with at least one beam. The WTRU is configured to determine whether the measured downlink quality is below a threshold value. The WTRU is configured to receive at least one control channel transmission using the beam of the identifier in response to a determination that the measured downlink quality is below the threshold value, wherein the beam used to receive the at least one control channel transmission is a same beam used to receive an associated data channel transmission.

Abstract: A method for use in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU). The method comprises: receiving, using an active receiver, system information comprising a first system information set, wherein the first system information set is currently valid for the WTRU; storing the system information; deactivating the active receiver and activating a passive receiver; determining whether a difference between a first parameter in the BSSI and a first parameter in the first system information set is greater than a threshold value, wherein on a condition that the difference is greater than the threshold value, reactivating the active receiver to receive a second system information set as a currently valid system information set for the WTRU.

Abstract: Approaches for idle mode operations for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with zero-energy (ZE) receivers are disclosed herein. A WTRU operating in idle mode, may receive using the main transceiver over a Uu interface, an energy harvesting (EH) configuration for use over a ZE air interface. The main transceiver may be turned off, and the ZE receiver as part of a ZE idle mode operation, may detect, over the ZE air interface, and harvest energy from ZE reference signals. The WTRU may calculate an amount of energy harvested from the ZE reference signals over a first time period. The WTRU may calculate a ZE idle mode operation energy consumption over the first time period. On a condition that the ZE idle mode operation energy consumption is greater than the harvested energy, the main transceiver may be turned on and the WTRU may enter a Uu interface idle mode operation.