Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for generating, transmitting, and/or receiving a hybrid spread waveform. The hybrid spread waveform may include a data portion and a hybrid guard interval (HGI) portion. The HGI portion may include a fixed prefix portion or a fixed suffix portion, and an adaptive low power tail (LPT) portion. The fixed prefix portion or the fixed suffix portion is a low power cyclic prefix (LPCP). The LPCP may be generated at least based on at least the channel delay spread and a power regrowth length. The adaptive LPT portion may be generated using a zero tail (ZT). The LPT is generated by inserting zeros at IFFT or DFT processing stage. A part of the adaptive LPT portion is used to carry data or control information. A waveform may be switched between a hybrid spread waveform and a fixed-CP waveform, e.g., via control signaling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing peer-to-peer communication in a wireless network is described. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information comprising periodic resources comprising time and subcarrier resources from a base station of a wireless network. The time and subcarrier resources may be used in discovery of other WTRUs. The WTRU is further configured to transmit an identification in the allocated resources and to transmit a synchronization signal to a peer WTRU for timing synchronization of the peer WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to perform wireless communications in higher frequency bands (e.g., above 6 GHz) using a fallback scheme is provided. The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, in a time transmission interval (TTI), at least one control signal and a first data signal using a first beam associated with a first beam identifier (ID) and a second data signal, subsequent to the first data signal, using a second beam associated with a second beam ID different from the first beam ID, such that one of the at least one control signal indicates the second beam ID; and a processor configured to switch a receive beam of the receiver from the first beam to the second beam based on the second beam ID to receive the second data signal.

Abstract: Transmit and/or receive beamforming may be applied to the control channel transmission/reception, e.g., in mmW access link system design. Techniques to identify candidate control channel beams and/or their location in the subframe structure may provide for efficient WTRU operation. A framework for beam formed control channel design may support varying capabilities of mBs and/or WTRUs, and/or may support time and/or spatial domain multiplexing of control channel beams. For a multi-beam system, modifications to reference signal design may discover, identify, measure, and/or decode a control channel beam. Techniques may mitigate inter-beam interference. WTRU monitoring may consider beam search space, perhaps in addition to time and/or frequency search space. Enhancements to downlink control channel may support scheduling narrow data beams. Scheduling techniques may achieve high resource utilization, e.g., perhaps when large bandwidths are available and/or WTRUs may be spatially distributed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for communication in a Millimeter Wave Hotspot (mmH) backhaul system which uses mesh nodes. A mmH mesh node may receive a control signal which includes a total number of available control slots. The mesh node may determine the number of iterations of a resource scheduling mechanism that can be made during the time period of all available control slots, based on the number of neighbor nodes for the mesh node. Further, the mesh node may receive control slot information, including information about traffic queues and priorities. The mesh node may then perform resource scheduling using the resource scheduling mechanism based on the currently received control slot information and control slot information received in previous iterations of resource scheduling. The mesh node may also adjust a preamble based on a time between a last packet transmission and a current packet transmission to a neighboring node.

Abstract: A grant that includes a resource allocation for a subframe set may be communicated. The subframe set may include a subframe resource and another subframe resource following the subframe resource. Sensing, during a sensing time prior to utilization of the subframe resource, that the unlicensed spectrum is available may be performed. Transmitting, based on the sensing, data on the subframe resource and the another subframe resource without further sensing may also be performed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing peer-to-peer communication in a wireless network is described. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information comprising periodic resources comprising time and subcarrier resources from a base station of a wireless network. The time and subcarrier resources may be used in discovery of other WTRUs. The WTRU is further configured to transmit an identification in the allocated resources and to transmit a synchronization signal to a peer WTRU for timing synchronization of the peer WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive discovery related configuration information that includes discovery filtering information and information for a non-long term evolution radio access technology (non-LTE RAT). The WTRU may monitor a device to device (D2D) communication interface on the non-LTE RAT based on the discovery filtering information and send a report that includes information associated with the discovery filtering information. The WTRU may receive a message to allow the WTRU to establish a D2D communication link with another WTRU using the non-LTE RAT.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a request to perform directional signal measurements for received signals. The WTRU may transmit, based on the request and position information associated with the WTRU, directional signal measurements to facilitate generation of a directional radio environment map (DREM). The WTRU may receive a request to switch beams based on the DREM.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for transmitting a relay search request frame from a source relay edge directional multigigabit (DMG) station STA (REDS) to the AP and receiving a relay search response frame including a list of at least a first and second relay DMG STA (RDS) in a wireless network. Systems and methods are further provided for transmitting over a first data stream through a direct link between the source REDS and the destination REDS, transmitting over a second data stream through the first RDS between the source REDS and the destination REDS, and transmitting over a third data stream through the second RDS between the source REDS and the destination REDS. Directional-band relay in wireless communications may be used in range extension where two wireless nodes may set up a relayed link without first forming a direct link between them.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive from a network resource allocation information for device to device (D2D) communication. The WTRU may select, from the received resource allocation information for a transmission time interval (TTI), resources for a D2D channel. The WTRU may transmit, with use of the selected resources, data directly to another WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for initial cell search and selection using beamforming are described. An apparatus is configured with multiple receive beams and includes an antenna and a processor. The processor is operatively coupled to the antenna and sweeps a respective one of the multiple receive beams during each of multiple synchronization sub-frames, using a pre-defined sweep time and dwell period, to detect a synchronization signal. The processor also obtains symbol timing information and a synchronization signal index from the detected synchronization signal. The obtained synchronization signal index corresponds to a synchronization signal index of the set. The process decodes a first broadcast channel using the obtained symbol timing information, the obtained synchronization signal index and a predefined or blind-coded symbol distance between the detected synchronization signal and the first broadcast channel.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a request to perform directional signal strength measurements and provide location data associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may transmit directional signal strength measurements, based on the request and the location data associated with the WTRU, to facilitate generation of a directional radio environment map (DREM). The WTRU may receive a request to switch to a new transmission and reception beam pair based on the DREM.

Abstract: A dual-radio access technology (dual-RAT) wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may transmit, over a cellular RAT, a registration message that includes a wireless local area network (WLAN) device identifier (ID) for a WLAN associated with the dual-RAT WTRU. A transceiver of the dual-RAT WTRU may receive, from the cellular network over the cellular RAT, assistance information that includes a security key for the WLAN. A processor of the dual-RAT WTRU may perform, over a WLAN RAT, device-to-device D2D direct discovery using the WLAN device ID and the security key for the WLAN.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for establishing a low latency millimeter wave (mmW) backhaul connection. A base station may receive a mmW relay schedule from an evolved Node B (eNB) within one Long Term Evolution (LTE) scheduling interval. The base station may decode the mmW relay schedule, and initialize a mmW radio transmission resource according to the mmW relay schedule. The base station may receive a data packet from a second base station in a mmW transmission time interval (TTI) based on the mmW relay schedule using the initialized mmW radio transmission resource, and may transmit the data packet to a third base station based on the mmW relay schedule using the initialized mmW radio transmission resource. The transmitting may begin before the reception of the data packet is complete.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to implement a method for radio environment, measurement (REM) scheduling, information extraction, storage and processing to generate terrain and object mapping/identification using higher frequency radio signals, directional transmission techniques and external database information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for local data caching are disclosed. Data may be stored in a local data storage connected to a base station or network nodes. The data flow may be split. The base station may coordinate with a cooperating base station for split-data transmission of locally cached data. Data may be split at different layers.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to implement a method for controlling discontinuous reception (DRX). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may enter into a DRX state on a first cell layer. The WTRU may transmit, on a second cell layer, a DRX indication of the first cell layer. The WTRU may receive, on the second cell layer, a deactivation signal corresponding to the first cell layer. The WTRU may deactivate, based on the deactivation signal received on the second cell layer, the first cell layer. The WTRU may receive, on the second cell layer, an activation signal corresponding to the first, cell layer. The WTRU, based on the activation signal, may activate the first cell layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A long term evolution (LTE) base station includes a processor and a transceiver, which transmit first LTE data to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) using LTE frequencies. The LTE data is at a time defined by LTE transmission time interval (TTI) boundaries. The processor maps an LTE class of second LTE data to an access class associated with IEEE 802.11e access and transmits the second LTE data to the WTRU using an IEEE 802.11 associated frequency. A transmission time of the second LTE data is based on an LTE TTI boundary after sensing that an IEEE 802.11 associated frequency is not busy.