Abstract: Biphenylylethanes of the formula I ##STR1## in which one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is X and the other radical R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 is R--Y-- whereX is H, halogen, --CF.sub.3, --OCHF.sub.2, --OCF.sub.3, --CN, --NCS or --NO.sub.2,R is alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl or oxaalkyl andY is O, S, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--CO--O--, a single bond or--in the case where m=1--alternatively trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or ##STR2## m is 1 or 2, Ph is in each case identical or different radicals selected from the group comprising 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene and 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene,L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 are each H, or one of these radicals is alternatively F,L.sup.1, L.sup.2and L.sup.5 are each H or F, with the proviso that in the case where X=CN or R.sup.1 =--NCS, Y is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or ##STR3## and/or m=2 and/or one of the radicals L.sup.1, L.sup.2 and L.sup.

Abstract: Novel 1,3-dioxane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which Q is CHalogen.sub.1 H.sub.3-1, CnH.sub.2n+1 --O-- or C.sub.2 H.sub.2n+1 --CH.dbd.CH--, whereHalogen is F or Cl,l is 1, 2 or 3 andn is 0 to 5,r is 0 to 5,X=X'=0 and Y=Y'=CH.sub.2 orX=X'=CH.sub.2 and Y=Y'=O,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 -- or a single bond,A.sup.1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene,m is 0, 1 or 2,X is F, Cl, --CF.sub.3, ---CN, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2 andY and Z are each, independently of one another, H or F, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: Novel phenylcyclohexanes of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 0 to 7, Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 are H, or one of these radicals is alternatively CH.sub.3, r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or a single bond, X is F, Cl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2, and Y and Z are each, independently of one another, H or F, with the proviso that, in the case where A is a single bond, Q.sup.1 =Q.sup.2 =H and simultaneously X=CN, Y and/or Z are F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid-crystal display (MLCD) containing a liquid-crystal mixture based on dielectrically positive liquid-crystal compounds which have a polar end group with a lipophilicity parameter, .pi., value of .gtoreq.0.1.

Abstract: Vinyl compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which the variables are as described in the claims. The compounds are useful as components in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to optically active compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having up to 15 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by --CN or at least monosubstituted by fluorine or chlorine, it also being possible for a CH.sub.2 group in these radicals to be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --O--CO--O--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each, independently of one another, a 1,4-phenylene radical, pyridine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl radical, pyrazine-2,5-diyl radical, pyridazine-3,6-diyl radical, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl radical, 1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl radical or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene radical, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two fluorine atoms, and in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, and/or a CH group,Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are each, independently of one another, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.

Abstract: Benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 7, Q is --CO or --(CH.sub.2).sub.r --, where r is 1 to 5, s is 0, 1 or 2, t is 0 or 1, where s+t.gtoreq.1, X is F, Cl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2, and Y, L and Z are each, independently of one another, H or F.

Abstract: Supertwist liquid crystal displays having very short switching times are obtained if the nematic liquid crystal mixture contains at least one component chosen from group A consisting of compounds of the formulae AI to AVI: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are each R and R is alkyl having 1-12 C atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--, and up to four other components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a matrix liquid crystal display containing integrated non-linear elements and a liquid crystal mixture which has a particularly high resistivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Hal is fluorine or chlorine and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fluoro tolans of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes alkyl with up to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene,r is 0 or 1,s is 0 or 1,Q is --CF.sub.2 -- or --OCF.sub.2 -- and -- if Y=F and/or L.sup.1 =L.sup.2 =F - also a single bond,L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are H or F, andY is H, F or Clare suitable as components of liquid crystalline media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X is fluorine, chlorine, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3 or OCHF.sub.2, and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrooptical liquid crystal systemwhich contains a dielectrically positive liquid crystal mixture and a further optically transparent medium between 2 electrodes which are optionally applied to substrate sheets,whose liquid crystal molecules in the switched-off state have an irregular orientation,in which one of the refractive indices of the liquid crystal mixture essentially agrees with the refractive index of the matrix n.sub.M and/or in which the quotient of the mass of the liquid crystal mixture and of the mass of the optically transparent medium is 1.5 or more and,which, independently of the polarization of the incident light, has a reduced transmission in one of the two switch states compared to the other state andwhose liquid crystal mixture contains one or more compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which Q.sup.1 is ##STR2## are independently of one another trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-l,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene and one of A.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorophenylpyrimidines of the formula I: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1,A.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and n have the meaning specified in patent claim 1, and to their use as components of liquid-crystalline, in particular ferroelectric, media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nematic liquid-crystal composition for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratio and extremely good low temperature stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds of positive dielectric anisotropy, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which Q is alkylene having up to 5 carbon atoms or a single bond, X is H or F, and R is alkyl, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, in each case having up to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4,4'-disubstituted 2',3-difluorobiphenyls of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 7, A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene, r is 0 or 1, X is F, Cl, --CF.sub.3, --CHF.sub.2, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2 and Z is H or F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nematic liquid-crystal composition for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratio and extremely good low temperature stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel halogenated benzene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 7 [sic], the rings A and B are each trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, or one of the rings A and B is alternatively 1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, X is F, Cl, --CHF.sub.2, --CF.sub.3, --CN, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2, Y and Z are each, independently of one another, H or F, r=1 or, in the case where s=1, B=trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and simultaneously X=CHF.sub.2, --CF.sub.3, --OCF.sub.3 or --OCHF.sub.2, r is alternatively 0, and s=1 or, in the case where B=1,4-phenylene or 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, s=0.

Abstract: Trifluorotoluene compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 12, and Q is ##STR2## are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.