Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 -A.sup.1 -A.sup.2 -R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl with 1-15 C atoms, and wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CO--S--, --S--CO--, --CHHalogen--, --CHCN-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A.sup.1 is 1,4-phenylene, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or a single bond andA.sup.2 is ##STR1## in which Z is --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --S--CO--, --CO--S--, CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, with the proviso that, if A.sup.1 is a single bond, A.sup.2 is ##STR2## are suitable as components of chirally tilted smectic liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: Pyrimidines of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl gorup of 1-15 C atoms in which in addition one or two nonadjacent Ch.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --0--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, or is H, F, Cl or CN,X is --O--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.1, --S--R.sup.2, --NCS or --COO--A--R.sup.3,Y is halogen, CN or OH,R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups are replaced by --O--, --CO--, --0--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or by --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition one or two nonadjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --CHY-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups, or is a single bond, andR.sup.3 is an alkyl group of 1-15 C atoms, in which in addition ne or two nonadjacent and, if A is a single bond, nonterminal CH.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display element with a particularly low temperature-dependence of the threshold voltage.

Abstract: New cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group with 1-15 C atoms, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by at least one grouping from the group comprising --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --C.tbd.C--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- and --SO.sub.2 --, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --(A.sup.3).sub.p --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A.sup.4 --Z.sup.3 --A-- or --A--Z.sup.3 --A.sup.4 --,A is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position by unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or fluorinated alkyl with in each case 1-5 C atoms, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by one grouping from the group comprising --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --C.tbd.C--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- and --SO.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --A--(A.sup.2).sub.q --R.sup.2 Iwherein ##STR1## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and q have the meaning specified in claim 1, as components of smectic liquid-crystalline phases, and also smectic liquid-crystalline phases, in particular chiral tilted smectic phases containing compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Liquid crystal phases containing components of the formulae I and III ##STR1## have an acceptable combination of threshold steepness, viewing angle and temperature dependence at a low threshold voltage.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 [Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3 ].sub.n --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are an alkyl group with 1-15 C atoms, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --O--CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is also H, F, Cl, Br or CN,is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by 0 atoms, a 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group or a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O-- or a single bond,A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 in each case independently of one another are a 1,4-phenylene group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iin whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be substituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position one or more times by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group which each have 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and which may also be substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic esters of the formula I,R.sup.1 -A.sup.1 -Z.sup.1 -A.sup.2 -[Z.sup.2 -A.sup.3 ].sub.m -R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and m have the meaning specified in patent claim 1, are suitable as components of smectic liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to compounds of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.0 is H or linear alkyl of 1 to 7 C atoms, p is 1 or 2 and n is 0 or 2. The compounds are useful as liquid crystalline compositions in electrooptical display devices.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --[Z.sup.2 --A.sup.3 ].sub.n --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are an alkyl group with 1-15 C atoms, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --O--CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is also H, F, Cl, Br or CN,A.sup.1 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, it also being possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms, a 1,4-bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octylene group or a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O-- or a single bond,A.sup.2 and A.sup.

Abstract: A liquid crystal phase containing at least one component selected from Group C compounds of the formulae VII to X ##STR1## has particularly advantageous properties.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --OCO-- groups and/or --COO-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, or are F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group which is monosubstituted or polysubstituted in the 2-position and/or 4-position by alkyl each having 1-10 C atoms and/or in the 5-position by alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy each having 1-5 C atoms, or by F, Cl, Br or CN,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 each are 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2,2,2]octylene, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene which is substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds of the formula IR.sup.I --(A--Z).sub.n --A--R.sup.2 Iwherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are alkyl group with 1-15 C atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- group and/or --O--CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H, CN, F, Cl or Br, the groups A in each case independently of one another are a 1,4-phenylene group, wherein one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, wherein one or two CH.sub.2 groups which are not adjacent can be replaced by 0 atoms, a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group, a 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group, a decahydronapthalene-2,6-diyl group or a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the group Z in each case independently of one another are --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.

Abstract: Bicyclooctane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O13 CO groups and/or --CO--O groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being also --A.sup.3 --R.sup.3,A.sup.1 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 1-position and/or 2-position and/or 3-position and/or 4-position by alkyl which has in each case 1-5 C atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted or fluorinated, and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by one or two different groupings from the group --O--, --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or is substituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or CHO,A.sup.2 is a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2] octylene group,--A.sup.3 --R.sup.3 is --Cy--R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, an alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl group with in each case 1-10 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A.sup.4 --A--or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 are each a 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl,and A.sup.4 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridazine-3,6-diyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O or a single bond andR.sup.3 is H, an alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl group with in each case 1-10 C atoms, F, Cl, Br or CN, with the proviso that(a) at least one group A.sup.2, A.sup.

Abstract: Carbonitriles of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-12 C atoms and wherein one or two CH.sub.2 groups/can be groups which are not adjacent replaced by --O--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, andA.sup.1 is a H or ##STR2## is a group of the formula 1 ##STR3## wherein R.sup.3 has one of the meanings of R.sup.1, can be used as components of liquid crystal phases.