Abstract: A cell which employs an active metal anode such as lithium and a liquid organic electrolyte that is improved by the use of a cathode comprised of carbon fluoride chloride is described.The cathode comprises a carbon fluoride chloride of the general formula (C.sub.y F.sub.x Cl.sub.z).sub.n wherein y is 1 to 2, x is greater than 0 to 1.2, z is .ltoreq.0.1 and n defines the number of repeating units occurring in the carbon fluoride chloride molecule of high molecular weight. The resulting battery has improved discharge and shelf-life characteristics.

Abstract: Novel electrophotographic development carrier particles for use with toner particles comprising a plurality of core particles coated with fluorinated carbon or a fluorinated carbon containing resin and an electrophotographic process comprising forming an electrostatic image on the surface of a photoconductive member and contacting the image with a developer mixture comprising finely divided toner particles mixed with such electrophotographic development carrier particles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of perhaloalkanoyl chloride is disclosed which comprises reacting 1,1,1-trichloroperfluoroalkane, with a sulfur trioxide-containing compound selected from the group consisting of oleum sulfur trioxide and stabilized sulfur trioxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of a halogen catalyst selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, iodine monobromide and iodine monochloride and bromine monochloride wherein the 1,1,1-trichloroperhaloalkane is a straight or branched chain acyclic organic compound having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and having at least one trihalomethyl group wherein at least one halo atom is fluorine and having the remaining carbon atoms substituted by F, Cl, Br or I atoms.

Abstract: Octafluoropropane or perfluoropropane is produced by introducing fluorine into an elongated inner zone surrounded by a porous member which is substantially resistant to fluorine corrosion and introducing a three carbon compound which is propane, a partially fluorinated propane, propene, a partially fluorinated propene, hexafluoropropene or mixtures thereof outside the porous member. When the porous member is metal, a perfluorinated diluent is used. When the porous member is fused alumina, conventional diluents such as nitrogen, or even no diluent may be employed.

Abstract: Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 are currently used for the fabrication of Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 (GGG) wafers which are employed as substrates for bubble domain memory devices. In the processing, in the order of 25% of the starting material ends up as process "saw kerf" contaminated with variable amounts of iron, nickel, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, iridium and silicon. A process is described whereby the "saw kerf" can be reprocessed in sufficient purity to be re-used in the process, thereby improving the economics of production of GGG wafers significantly. Gadolinium and gallium oxides are recovered and separated from transition metal impurities introduced during fabrication of GGG wafers. The process "saw kerf" produced from slicing the crystal boule is dissolved in HCl, treated with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, and the resulting sulfates separated. Metathesis with (NH.sub.4).sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4 results in conversion of the sulfates to the ammonium oxalates which were calcined at 850.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of trifluoroacetyl fluoride is disclosed, which comprises reacting, in the liquid phase, hexafluorothioacetone dimer in an aprotic solvent with at least a catalytic amount of an alkali metal fluoride in the presence of an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of Ag.sub.2 O, oxides of Pb, Sn, Ni, Co and Fe and M.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.8 wherein M is an alkali metal. The preferred aprotic solvent is dimethylformamide; the preferred alkali metal fluoride is KF; and the preferred oxidizing agents are NiO, PbO.sub.2, and M.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.8 wherein M is Na or K.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of boron trifluoride dimethyl ether complex to boron trifluoride dialkyl ether complex substantially free of dimethyl ether impurities, which comprises reacting the boron trifluoride-dimethyl ether complex, in the liquid phase, in the presence of dialkyl ether wherein at least one of the alkyl groups contains at least two carbon atoms, in a restricted vapor equilibration region, while simultaneously sweeping the said vapor equilibration region with a substantially inert gas, and heating to distill off the dimethyl ether. High purity of the boron trifluoride dialkyl ether complex is attained with this method, with only minimal traces of the boron trifluoride dimethyl ether complex, dimethyl ether remaining. The preferred product is boron trifluoride diethyl ether.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of perhaloalkanoyl chloride is disclosed which comprises reacting 1,1,1-trichloroperfluoroalkane, with a sulfur trioxide-containing compound selected from the group consisting of oleum sulfur trioxide and stabilized sulfur trioxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of a halogen catalyst selected from the group consisting of iodine, bromine, iodine monobromide and iodine monochloride and bromine monochloride. The preferred product is trifluoroacetyl chloride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hexafluoroacetone which comprises contacting, in the liquid phase, hexafluorothioacetone dimer in the presence of an aprotic solvent containing a catalytic amount of an alkali metal fluoride with a gaseous oxidant selected from the group consisting of air, O.sub.2, O.sub.3, NO.sub.2 and NO is disclosed. The preferred aprotic solvent is dimethylformamide, and the preferred gaseous oxidant is O.sub.2.

Abstract: Sulfuric acid contaminated with boron and fluoride values such as the waste acid of a boron trifluoride process is purified by contacting the contaminated acid with an inert gas to desorb boron trifluoride, and the inert gas is stripped by contacting with an absorbing liquid including concentrated sulfuric acid. Fluosulfonic acid is added to contaminated sulfuric acid at levels approximately three times the molar values of boric acid contaminant as an agent to spring non-volatile boron values. The absorption of boron trifluoride into the absorbing sulfuric acid is improved when it contains boric acid. Preferably the contaminated sulfuric acid to be purified is one portion of the waste liquid and the absorbing liquid is another portion of the waste liquid of a boron trifluoride manufacturing process. Boric acid is added to the absorbing liquid, then boron trifluoride is stripped from the inert gas and absorbed into the absorbing liquid.

Abstract: When saturated with boron trifluoride, certain polyhydric alcohols form adducts which catalyze hydrocarbon alkyl transfer reactions for which boron trifluoride is catalytic. The adduct is recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled, greatly reducing boron and fluoride values in the product and in any effluent. Examples include propylation of toluene in the presence of a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or sorbitol, and the oligomerization of decene by a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or butanediol. Some of the catalysts become viscous on cooling and are thus more easily separated from the reaction products which remain in a separate liquid phase.

Abstract: When saturated with boron trifluoride, certain polyhydric alcohols form adducts which catalyze reactions for which boron trifluoride is catalytic. The adduct is recovered from the reaction mixture and recycled, greatly reducing boron and fluoride values in the product and in any effluent. Examples include propylation of toluene in the presence of a recycled adduct of boron trifluoride with mannitol or sorbitol.

Abstract: Fluoroorganic compounds are prepared by reacting a haloorganic starting material in which at least one halo atom is replaceable with a fluorine atom by metathetical exchange, with calcium fluoride in the presence of a crown ether and an anhydrous, polar, basic organic solvent which complexes with the calcium ion and contains no --OH groups, at a temperature and for a period of time adequate to effect fluorination.

Abstract: Dry calcium fluoborate suitable for use in the manufacture of boron trifluoride is produced by reacting, in an aqueous medium, calcium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid and boric acid followed by removing water from the calcium fluoborate reaction product by purging the reaction product with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen, at a temperature between about 140.degree. to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: A haloethane is dechlorinated by reacting in the gaseous phase a haloethane selected from CCl.sub.2 FFCClF.sub.2, CClF.sub.2 CClF.sub.2 and CCl.sub.2 FCCl.sub.2 F with ethylene in the presence of a transition metal catalyst selected from iron, nickel, vanadium and chromium oxides, chlorides and fluorides and recovering a perhaloethylene and vinyl chloride. Perhaloethylenes are used as monomers for halogenated polymers. Vinyl chloride is also a widely used monomer.

Abstract: Chlorofluorinated carboxylic acids may be effectively produced by an oxychlorofluorination process by reacting a gaseous mixture of a starting material selected from a saturated aliphatic carboxy containing compound, a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid halide and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde in which all atoms are selected from C, H and O, and corresponding hydrohalogenated compounds in which the halo atoms are selected from chloro and fluoro, or mixtures thereof, an oxygen-containing gas, a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of HCl and Cl.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and HF, in the presence of a Deacon catalyst supported by a stable, inert metal salt carrier.

Abstract: Highly chlorinated hydrocarbons having one to three carbons such as CCl.sub.4, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.6 and C.sub.3 Cl.sub.8 are reacted with HF in the presence of a fluorination catalyst such as gamma aluminum fluoride. The effluent is reacted with unhalogenated or underhalogenated hydrocarbons having 1 to 3 carbons, such as CH.sub.4, CH.sub.3 Cl, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Cl, C.sub.2 H.sub.6, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCl and CFCl.dbd.CCl.sub.2, and O.sub.2 in the presence of an oxychlorination catalyst, such as cupric chloride with alkali halide or alkaline earth halide promoters on alpha aluminum fluoride. Fluorocarbons having 1 to 3 carbons such as CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.3 F.sub.3 and C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F.sub.4 are separated from the effluent. Preferably, highly chlorinated materials are recycled onto the fluorination catalyst and underhalogenated materials are recycled onto the oxychlorination catalyst.

Abstract: Fluorinated esters of the formula C.sub.n H.sub.x F.sub.2n+1-x CO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.sub.m H.sub.y F.sub.2m+1-y such as CF.sub.3 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 are hydrogenated to fluorinated alcohols such as CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 OH using a catalyst having between 50 and 100 percent, and preferably 75-95 percent CuO by weight. In the above formula n= 1 to 13, m= 1 to 13, x= 0 to 3 and y= 0 to 3. In the most preferred esters, n= m and x= y= 0. The catalyst may also contain 0-50 percent and preferably 5-25 percent by weight of a filler or binder such as a silicate salt. The reaction produces greater yields of alcohol and longer catalyst life than with chromite catalysts, and may proceed at substantially atmospheric pressures.

Abstract: A stabilized heat exchange medium is disclosed including a fluorocarbon, an absorbant and a tribasic phosphite stabilizer. The preferred absorbants are assymetrical furan derivatives containing at least 1 oxygen with a single bond to an adjacent carbon, and is most preferably an alkyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ether. The fluorocarbon contains 1 or 2 carbons, 1 or 2 hydrogens and the remainder chlorine and fluorine. The tribasic phosphites are of the formula (R.sub.1 'O)(R.sub.2 'O)(R.sub.3 'O)P, wherein R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' are each independently alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, alkylene phenyl, alkylene alkylphenyl or alkylphenyl.

Abstract: Chlorofluorinated aliphatic ketones may be effectively produced by an oxychlorofluorination process by reacting a gaseous mixture of a starting material selected from an aliphatic ketone and a halogenated aliphatic ketone in which the halogen atoms are selected from chlorine and fluorine, or mixtures thereof, an oxygen-containing gas, a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of HCl and Cl.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and HF, in the presence of a Deacon catalyst supported by a stable, inert metal salt carrier.