Abstract: Disclosed herein an image sensor chip, including a substrate having at least one via extending through at least one inter layer dielectric (ILD); a first conductive layer over the ILD, wherein the first conductive layer has a first thickness; a second conductive layer over the first conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer has a second thickness of less than the first thickness; a polymer layer over the second conductive layer, the polymer layer including a cavity; a plurality of cavity components in the cavity; and an optically transparent layer contacting the polymer layer and covering the cavity.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a first photosensitive diode comprising a first semiconductor material is formed in a first semiconductor substrate. A second photosensitive diode comprising a second semiconductor material, which has a different light detection wavelength range than the first semiconductor material, is formed in a second semiconductor substrate. Semiconductor devices for holding and detecting charges comprising a sensing circuit of the CMOS image sensor may also be formed in the second semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate are bonded so that the first photosensitive diode is located underneath the second photosensitive diode. The vertical stack of the first and second photosensitive diodes detects light in the combined detection wavelength range of the first and second semiconductor materials. Sensing devices may be shared between the first and second photosensitive diodes.

Abstract: CMOS pixel sensors with multiple pixel sizes and methods of manufacturing the CMOS pixel sensors with implant dose control are provided. The method includes forming a plurality of pixel sensors in a same substrate and forming a masking pattern over at least one of the plurality of pixel sensors that has a pixel size larger than a non-masked pixel sensor of the plurality of pixel sensors. The method further includes providing a single dosage implant to the plurality of pixel sensors. The at least one of the plurality of pixel sensors with the masking pattern receives a lower dosage than the non-masked pixel sensor.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a first photosensitive diode comprising a first semiconductor material is formed in a first semiconductor substrate. A second photosensitive diode comprising a second semiconductor material, which has a different light detection wavelength range than the first semiconductor material, is formed in a second semiconductor substrate. Semiconductor devices for holding and detecting charges comprising a sensing circuit of the CMOS image sensor may also be formed in the second semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate are bonded so that the first photosensitive diode is located underneath the second photosensitive diode. The vertical stack of the first and second photosensitive diodes detects light in the combined detection wavelength range of the first and second semiconductor materials. Sensing devices may be shared between the first and second photosensitive diodes.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a first photosensitive diode comprising a first semiconductor material is formed in a first semiconductor substrate. A second photosensitive diode comprising a second semiconductor material, which has a different light detection wavelength range than the first semiconductor material, is formed in a second semiconductor substrate. Semiconductor devices for holding and detecting charges comprising a sensing circuit of the CMOS image sensor may also be formed in the second semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate are bonded so that the first photosensitive diode is located underneath the second photosensitive diode. The vertical stack of the first and second photosensitive diodes detects light in the combined detection wavelength range of the first and second semiconductor materials. Sensing devices may be shared between the first and second photosensitive diodes.

Abstract: A pixel structure for an image sensor includes a semiconductor material portion having a coplanar and contiguous semiconductor surface and including four photodiodes, four channel regions, and a common floating diffusion region. Each of the four channel regions is directly adjoined to one of the four photodiodes and the common floating diffusion region. The four photodiodes are located within four different quadrants as defined employing a vertical line passing through a point within the common floating diffusion region as a center axis. The common floating diffusion region, a reset gate transistor, a source follower transistor, and a row select transistor are located within four different quadrants as defined employing a vertical line passing through a point within one of the photodiodes as an axis.

Abstract: An imaging system for use in a digital camera or cell phone utilizes one chip for logic and one chip for image processing. The chips are interconnected using around-the-edge or through via conductors extending from bond pads on the active surface of the imaging chip to backside metallurgy on the imaging chip. The backside metallurgy of the imaging chip is connected to metallurgy on the active surface of the logic chip using an array of solder bumps in BGA fashion. The interconnection arrangement provides a CSP which matches the space constraints of a cell phone, for example. The arrangement also utilizes minimal wire lengths for reduced noise. Connection of the CSP to a carrier package may be either by conductive through vias or wire bonding. The CSP is such that the imaging chip may readily be mounted across an aperture in the wall of a cell phone, for example, so as to expose the light sensitive pixels on the active surface of said imaging chip to light.

Abstract: An interconnect layout, an image sensor including the interconnect layout and a method for fabricating the image sensor each use a first electrically active physical interconnect layout pattern within an active pixel region and a second electrically active physical interconnect layout pattern spatially different than the first electrically active physical interconnect layout pattern within a dark pixel region. The second electrically active physical interconnect layout pattern includes at least one electrically active interconnect layer interposed between a light shield layer and a photosensor region aligned therebeneath, thus generally providing a higher wiring density. The higher wiring density within the second layout pattern provides that that the image sensor may be fabricated with enhanced manufacturing efficiency and a reduction of metallization levels.

Abstract: A pixel array in an image sensor, the image sensor and a digital camera including the image sensor. The image sensor includes a pixel array with colored pixels and unfiltered (color filter-free) pixels. Each unfiltered pixel occupies one or more array locations. The colored pixels may be arranged in uninterrupted rows and columns with unfiltered pixels disposed between the uninterrupted rows and columns. The image sensor may in CMOS with the unfiltered pixels reducing low-light noise and improving low-light sensitivity.

Abstract: CMOS image sensor pixel sensor cells, methods for fabricating the pixel sensor cells and design structures for fabricating the pixel sensor cells are designed to allow for back side illumination in global shutter mode by providing light shielding from back side illumination of at least one transistor within the pixel sensor cells. In a first particular generalized embodiment, a light shielding layer is located and formed interposed between a first semiconductor layer that includes a photoactive region and a second semiconductor layer that includes the at least a second transistor, or a floating diffusion, that is shielded by the light blocking layer.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor array and method of fabrication. The CMOS imager sensor array comprises a substrate; an array of light receiving pixel structures formed above the substrate, the array having formed therein “m” levels of conductive structures, each level formed in a corresponding interlevel dielectric material layer; a dense logic wiring region formed adjacent to the array of light receiving pixel structures having “n” levels of conductive structures, each level formed in a corresponding interlevel dielectric material layer, where n>m. A microlens array having microlenses and color filters formed above the interlevel dielectric material layer, a microlens and respective color filter in alignment with a respective light receiving structure formed at a surface of the substrate. A top surface of the interlevel dielectric material layer beneath the microlens array is recessed from a top surface of the interlevel dielectric material layers of the dense logic wiring region.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor and method of fabrication wherein the sensor includes Copper (Cu) metallization levels allowing for incorporation of a thinner interlevel dielectric stack to result in a pixel array exhibiting increased light sensitivity. The CMOS image sensor includes structures having a minimum thickness of barrier layer metal that traverses the optical path of each pixel in the sensor array or, that have portions of barrier layer metal selectively removed from the optical paths of each pixel, thereby minimizing reflectance. That is, by implementing various block or single mask methodologies, portions of the barrier layer metal are completely removed at locations of the optical path for each pixel in the array. In a further embodiment, the barrier metal layer may be formed atop the Cu metallization by a self-aligned deposition.

Abstract: A CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) cell structure having dual workfunction transfer gate device and method of fabrication. The transfer gate device comprises a dielectric layer formed on a substrate and a dual workfunction gate conductor layer formed on the dielectric layer comprising a first conductivity type doped region and an abutting second conductivity type doped region. The transfer gate device defines a channel region where charge accumulated by a photosensing device is transferred to a diffusion region. A silicide structure is formed atop the dual workfunction gate conductor layer for electrically coupling the first and second conductivity type doped regions. In one embodiment, the silicide contact is smaller in area dimension than an area dimension of said dual workfunction gate conductor layer. Presence of the silicide strap prevents the diodic behavior from allowing one or the other side of the gate to float to an indeterminate voltage.

Abstract: Stitched integrated circuit (IC) chip layout design structures are disclosed. In one embodiment, a design structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process includes: an integrated circuit (IC) chip layout exceeding a size of a photolithography tool field, the IC chip layout including: a plurality of stitched regions including at least one redundant stitched region or at least one unique stitched region; and for each stitched region: a boundary identification identifying a boundary of the stitched region at which stitching occurs.

Abstract: A global shutter compatible pixel circuit comprising a reset gate (RG) transistor is provided in which a dynamic voltage is applied to the drain of the reset gate transistor in order to reduce a floating diffusion (FD) leakage therethrough during signal hold time. The drain voltage of the reset gate transistor is held at a lower voltage than a circuit supply voltage to minimize the off-state leakage through the RG transistor, thus reducing the change in the voltage at the floating diffusion during the signal hold time. In addition, a design structure for such a circuit providing a dynamic voltage to the drain of a reset gate of a pixel circuit is also provided.

Abstract: Stitched integrated circuit (IC) chip layout methods, systems and program products are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining from a first entity a circuit design for an IC chip layout that exceeds a size of a photolithography tool field at a second entity, wherein the IC chip layout includes for at least one stitched region of a plurality of stitched regions: a boundary identification identifying a boundary of the at least one stitched region at which stitching occurs and a type indicator indicating whether the at least one stitched region is one of: redundant and unique; dissecting the IC chip layout into stitched regions indicated as unique or redundant at the second entity; and generating a photolithographic reticle at the second entity based on the plurality of stitched regions, the photolithographic reticle having a size that fits within the size of the photolithographic tool field at the second entity.

Abstract: A CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) cell structure having dual workfunction transfer gate device and method of fabrication. The transfer gate device comprises a dielectric layer formed on a substrate and a dual workfunction gate conductor layer formed on the dielectric layer comprising a first conductivity type doped region and an abutting second conductivity type doped region. The transfer gate device defines a channel region where charge accumulated by a photosensing device is transferred to a diffusion region. A silicide structure is formed atop the dual workfunction gate conductor layer for electrically coupling the first and second conductivity type doped regions. In one embodiment, the silicide contact is smaller in area dimension than an area dimension of said dual workfunction gate conductor layer. Presence of the silicide strap prevents the diodic behavior from allowing one or the other side of the gate to float to an indeterminate voltage.

Abstract: Tunable TCR resistors incorporated into integrated circuits and a method fabricating the tunable TCR resistors. The tunable TCR resistors including two or more resistors of two or more different materials having opposite polarity and different magnitude TCRs, the same polarity and different magnitude TCRs or having opposite polarity and about the same TCRs.

Abstract: A global shutter compatible pixel circuit comprising a reset gate (RG) transistor is provided in which a dynamic voltage is applied to the drain of the reset gate transistor in order to reduce a floating diffusion (FD) leakage therethrough during signal hold time. The drain voltage of the reset gate transistor is held at a lower voltage than a circuit supply voltage to minimize the off-state leakage through the RG transistor, thus reducing the change in the voltage at the floating diffusion during the signal hold time. In addition, a design structure for such a circuit providing a dynamic voltage to the drain of a reset gate of a pixel circuit is also provided.

Abstract: A set of frame transfer transistors are provided between a hold gate transistor and a transfer gate transistor of a CMOS image sensor to enable storage of charge generate in the photosensitive diode after exposure. The readout of the charges from the set of frame transfer transistors may be performed after a plurality of exposures of the CMOS image sensor, between each of which charges are shifted toward the transfer gate transistor within the set of frame transfer transistors. Useful operation modes are enabled including a burst mode operation for rapid capture of successive images and high dynamic range operations in which multiple images are taken with different exposure times or a large capacitance is provided by ganging the diffusions of the set of frame transfer transistors.