Abstract: Exemplary sanitary soap refilling systems and methods are disclosed herein. An exemplary refill refilling system includes a housing, a pump located within the housing, and a bulk storage tank connector. The bulk storage tank connector having a liquid outlet and an air inlet. A liquid inlet conduit is in fluid communication with the pump the liquid outlet. A refill connector is included. The refill connector has a liquid inlet and an air outlet. The refill connector air outlet and the bulk storage tank connector air inlet are in fluid communication with one another. The refill liquid inlet is in fluid communication with the pump.

Abstract: Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.

Abstract: Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.

Abstract: Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.

Abstract: Methods of refining the grain size of titanium and titanium alloys include multiple upset and draw forging. Titanium and titanium alloy workpieces are heated to a workpiece forging temperature within a workpiece forging temperature range in the alpha+beta phase field. The workpiece may comprise a starting cross-sectional dimension. The workpiece is upset forged in the workpiece forging temperature range. After upsetting, the workpiece is multiple pass draw forged in the workpiece forging temperature range. Multiple pass draw forging may comprise incrementally rotating the workpiece in a rotational direction followed by draw forging the workpiece after each incremental rotation. Incrementally rotating and draw forging the workpiece is repeated until the workpiece comprises substantially the same starting cross-sectional dimension.

Abstract: A method of producing an article selected from a titanium article and a titanium alloy article comprises melting feed materials with a source of hydrogen to form a molten heat of titanium or a titanium alloy, and casting at least a portion of the molten heat to form a hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy ingot. The hydrogenated ingot is deformed at an elevated temperature to form a worked article comprising a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the hydrogenated ingot. The worked article is dehydrogenated to reduce a hydrogen content of the worked article. In certain non-limiting embodiments of the method, the dehydrogenated article comprises an average ?-phase particle size of less than 10 microns in the longest dimension.

Abstract: A method of producing an article selected from a titanium article and a titanium alloy article comprises melting feed materials with a source of hydrogen to form a molten heat of titanium or a titanium alloy, and casting at least a portion of the molten heat to form a hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy ingot. The hydrogenated ingot is deformed at an elevated temperature to form a worked article comprising a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the hydrogenated ingot. The worked article is dehydrogenated to reduce a hydrogen content of the worked article. In certain non-limiting embodiments of the method, the dehydrogenated article comprises an average ?-phase particle size of less than 10 microns in the longest dimension.

Abstract: A method of producing an article selected from a titanium article and a titanium alloy article comprises melting feed materials with a source of hydrogen to form a molten heat of titanium or a titanium alloy, and casting at least a portion of the molten heat to form a hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy ingot. The hydrogenated ingot is deformed at an elevated temperature to form a worked article comprising a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the hydrogenated ingot. The worked article is dehydrogenated to reduce a hydrogen content of the worked article. In certain non-limiting embodiments of the method, the dehydrogenated article comprises an average ?-phase particle size of less than 10 microns in the longest dimension.

Abstract: Various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein relate to nozzle assemblies for conveying molten material, the nozzle assemblies comprising a body, which may be formed from a material having a melting temperature greater than the melting temperature of the molten material to be conveyed, and having a molten material passageway extending therethrough. The molten material passageway comprises an interior surface and a protective layer is adjacent at least a portion of the interior surface of the passageway. The protective layer may comprise a material that is essentially non-reactive with the molten material to be conveyed. Further, the nozzle assemblies according to various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein may be heated, and may be self-inspecting. Methods and apparatus for conveying molten materials and/or atomizing molten materials using the nozzle assemblies disclosed herein are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting an electrically conductive metallic material includes a vacuum chamber and a hearth disposed in the vacuum chamber. At least one wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter is disposed in or adjacent the vacuum chamber and is positioned to direct a wide-area field of electrons into the vacuum chamber, wherein the wide-area electron field has sufficient energy to heat the electrically conductive metallic material to its melting temperature. The apparatus may further include at least one of a mold and an atomizing apparatus which is in communication with the vacuum chamber and is positioned to receive molten material from the hearth.

Abstract: A method of producing an article selected from a titanium article and a titanium alloy article comprises melting feed materials with a source of hydrogen to form a molten heat of titanium or a titanium alloy, and casting at least a portion of the molten heat to form a hydrogenated titanium or titanium alloy ingot. The hydrogenated ingot is deformed at an elevated temperature to form a worked article comprising a cross-sectional area smaller than a cross-sectional area of the hydrogenated ingot. The worked article is dehydrogenated to reduce a hydrogen content of the worked article. In certain non-limiting embodiments of the method, the dehydrogenated article comprises an average ?-phase particle size of less than 10 microns in the longest dimension.

Abstract: Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.

Abstract: Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.

Abstract: A method for refining and casting metals and metal alloys includes melting and refining a metallic material and then casting the refined molten material by a nucleated casting technique. The refined molten material is provided to the atomizing nozzle of the nucleated casting apparatus through a transfer apparatus adapted to maintain the purity of the molten refined material. An apparatus including a melting and refining apparatus, a transfer apparatus, and a nucleated casting apparatus, in serial fluid communication, also is disclosed.

Abstract: Processes, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for forming products from atomized metals and alloys. A stream of molten alloy and/or a series of droplets of molten alloy is atomized to produce particles of the molten alloy. The molten alloy particles are cooled to a temperature that is less than a solidus temperature of the molten alloy particles so that the molten alloy particles solidify. The solid alloy particles impact a collector and produce a solid alloy preform.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.

Abstract: A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.