Abstract: A wafer including a mask on one face and at least one layer on an opposite face, wherein the mask has at least one scribeline which overlies at least a portion of the opposite face which is substantially free of the at least one layer is described. Also described is a method of preparing a pellicle, the method including: providing a wafer having a mask on one face and at least one layer on an opposite face, defining a scribeline in the mask, and selectively removing a portion of the at least one layer which at least partially overlies the scribeline as well as a method of preparing a pellicle, the method including: providing a pellicle core, and removing at least some material from at least one face of the pellicle core in a non-oxidizing environment. In any aspect, the pellicle may include a metal nitride layer.

Abstract: A fluorescent probe having a capsule of nanometric size and an aggregate of fluorogenic molecules coupled to the capsule is provided. The aggregate emits a fluorescent signal at one or more wavelengths within the fluorescence spectral range when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam at one or more wavelengths within the excitation spectral range. Preferably, the fluorescent spectral range is in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. In some embodiments, the capsule is a boron nitride (BN) nanotube and the aggregate comprise 3,6-Bis[2,2?]bithiophenyl-5-yl-2,5-di-n-octylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione as fluorogenic molecules. In some embodiments, the 3,6-Bis[2,2?]bithiophenyl-5-yl-2,5-di-n-octylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione fluorogenic molecules are in a J-aggregation state.

Abstract: Chalcogen-grafted carbon material as well as their functionalized forms are described along with processes for their preparation. More specifically, the chalcogen is covalently linked to the carbon scaffold of a polyaromatic carbon via C?X and/or C—X—C bonds. Processes for their preparation include a single thermal treatment without the use of strong acids or anhydrous solvents.

Abstract: Systems and processes for treating a contaminated aqueous flow which includes contaminants, such as munitions contaminants including metallic contaminants, energetic material contaminants, and/or propellant contaminants, are disclosed. The systems include an adsorption layer which includes bone char particulates, titanium dioxide particulates and/or aluminum oxide particulates which promotes adsorption of the contaminants upon contact of the contaminated stream and the adsorption layer so as to produce a treated aqueous flow, which is depleted in the munitions contaminants. Optionally, the adsorption layer can be buried in granulates particles so the contaminated aqueous water can percolate down through the earth and towards the adsorption layer, so the treated water can further percolate through the earth. The system can alternatively include more than one adsorption layer, which can be arranged in series or in parallel, in situ or ex situ.

Abstract: A method of growing a graphene coating or carbon nanotubes on a catalytic substrate by chemical vapor deposition is provided. In the method, the chemical vapor deposition is carried out in an atmosphere in which a ratio Pox/Pred is about 5×10?26 or less, wherein Pox is the partial pressure oxidizing species in the atmosphere and Pred is the partial pressure of reducing species in the atmosphere. A catalytic substrate coated with a graphene coating grown according to this method is also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a pH responsive optical nanoprobe comprising metallic SWCNTs or graphene coated with a transition metal M. The coated metallic SWCNTs or graphene have an absorption spectrum comprising an optical resonance, and have a Raman scattering spectrum responsive to optical excitation at said optical resonance comprising at least one pH-dependent peak having at least one of a Raman shift value and an intensity that is function of a solution pH, when the nanoprobe is in contact with a solution at said solution pH. There is also provided a method to measure the pH of a solution, by contacting the solution with the nanoprobe; illuminating the nanoprobe with an excitation light beam having a wavelength at said optical resonance, thereby generating a Raman signal from the nanoprobe according to said Raman scattering spectrum; measuring a spectral distribution of the Raman signal; and determining the pH of the solution from the spectral distribution.

Abstract: A fluorescent probe having a capsule of nanometric size and an aggregate of fluorogenic molecules coupled to the capsule is provided. The aggregate emits a fluorescent signal at one or more wavelengths within the fluorescence spectral range when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam at one or more wavelengths within the excitation spectral range. Preferably, the fluorescent spectral range is in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. In some embodiments, the capsule is a boron nitride (BN) nanotube and the aggregate comprise 3,6-Bis[2,2]bithiophenyl-5-yl-2,5-di-n-octylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione as fluorogenic molecules. In some embodiments, the 3,6-Bis[2,2]bithiophenyl-5-yl-2,5-di-n-octylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione fluorogenic molecules are in a J-aggregation state.

Abstract: Chalcogen-grafted carbon material as well as their functionalized forms are described along with processes for their preparation. More specifically, the chalcogen is covalently linked to the carbon scaffold of a polyaromatic carbon via C?X and/or C—X—C bonds. Processes for their preparation include a single thermal treatment without the use of strong acids or anhydrous solvents.

Abstract: A Raman scattering probe, and a method of making such a probe, uses a capsule of nanometric size, such as a nanotube, to which is coupled at least one Raman-active molecule. The Raman-active molecule may be encapsulated in, or attached on the exterior of, the capsule, and exhibits a Raman scattering response when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam. A functionalization chemical group that is attached to an exterior of the capsule provides a connection between the capsule and a target material. This functionalization may include a generic chemical functionalization that bonds with any of a plurality of secondary chemical groups each of which bonds directly with a different target. A method of using the probe for Raman spectroscopy or Raman imaging is also provided.

Abstract: A method of growing a graphene coating or carbon nanotubes on a catalytic substrate by chemical vapor deposition is provided. In the method, the chemical vapor deposition is carried out in an atmosphere in which a ratio Pox/Pred is about 5×10?6 or less, wherein Pox is the partial pressure oxidizing species in the atmosphere and Pred is the partial pressure of reducing species in the atmosphere. A catalytic substrate coated with a graphene coating grown according to this method is also provided.

Abstract: A Raman scattering probe, and a method of making such a probe, uses a capsule of nanometric size, such as a nanotube, to which is coupled at least one Raman-active molecule. The Raman-active molecule may be encapsulated in, or attached on the exterior of, the capsule, and exhibits a Raman scattering response when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam. A functionalization chemical group that is attached to an exterior of the capsule provides a connection between the capsule and a target material. This functionalization may include a generic chemical functionalization that bonds with any of a plurality of secondary chemical groups each of which bonds directly with a different target. A method of using the probe for Raman spectroscopy or Raman imaging is also provided.

Abstract: A Raman scattering probe, and a method of making such a probe, uses a capsule of nanometric size, such as a nanotube, to which is coupled at least one Raman-active molecule. The Raman-active molecule may be encapsulated in, or attached on the exterior of the capsule, and exhibits a Raman scattering response when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam. A functionalization chemical group that is attached to an exterior of the capsule provides a connection between the capsule and a target material. This functionalization may include a generic chemical functionalization that bonds with any of a plurality of secondary chemical groups each of which bonds directly with a different target. A method of using the probe for Raman spectroscopy or Raman imaging is also provided.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A Raman scattering probe, and a method of making such a probe, uses a capsule of nanometric size, such as a nanotube, to which is coupled at least one Raman-active molecule. The Raman-active molecule may be encapsulated in, or attached on the exterior of the capsule, and exhibits a Raman scattering response when the probe is illuminated by an excitation light beam. A functionalization chemical group that is attached to an exterior of the capsule provides a connection between the capsule and a target material. This functionalization may include a generic chemical functionalization that bonds with any of a plurality of secondary chemical groups each of which bonds directly with a different target. A method of using the probe for Raman spectroscopy or Raman imaging is also provided.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.

Abstract: A self-aligned carbon-nanotube field effect transistor semiconductor device comprises a carbon-nanotube deposited on a substrate, a source and a drain formed at a first end and a second end of the carbon-nanotube, respectively, and a gate formed substantially over a portion of the carbon-nanotube, separated from the carbon-nanotube by a dielectric film.