Abstract: Methods and apparatus of dynamic transient optimization in a voltage regulator according to various aspects of the present invention may comprise a transition detector configured to compare an output voltage error to an amplitude threshold. The voltage regulator may further comprise a frequency detector configured to measure the frequency of the amplitude threshold being exceeded and to compare the frequency to a frequency threshold and a response circuit configured to activate a response according to a comparison between the frequency threshold and the frequency of the amplitude threshold being exceeded.

Abstract: A package (10) for the storage and dispensing of a plurality of material 10as includes a first and a second longitudinally juxtaposed barrels (11, 12). Each barrel (11, 12) having a first and a second end (20, 21). Each first and second barrels (11, 12) having a quantity of at least one of the material 10as initially contained therein, and each barrel having an open end (20) and a dispensing end (21). A piston (40) is disposed in each barrel (11, 12) such that the material 10a in each barrel (11, 12) is initially positioned between the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12) and the respective ones of the pistons (40). A snap cap (23) is contiguously formed to initially close each of the dispensing ends (21) of the barrels (11, 12), such that the snap cap (23) may be broken from the barrels (11, 12) to thereby forming a secondary open end (31) at the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12), thereby facilitating the material 10a contained in each barrel (11, 12) to flow through and be dispensed.

Abstract: A package (10) for the storage and dispensing of a plurality of materials includes a first and a second longitudinally juxtaposed barrels (11, 12). Each barrel (11,12) having a first and a second end (20, 21). Each first and second barrels (11, 12) having a quantity of at least one of the materials initially contained therein, and each barrel having an open end (20) and a dispensing end (21). A sealing plunger (40) disposed in each barrel (11, 12) such that the material in each barrel (11, 12) is initially positioned between the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12) and the respective ones of the sealing plungers (40). A snap cap (23) is contiguously formed to initially close each of the dispensing ends (21) of the barrels (11, 12), such that the snap cap (23) may be broken from the barrels (11, 12) to thereby forming a secondary open end (22) at the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12), thereby facilitating the material contained in each barrel (11, 12) to flow through and be dispensed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a power regulator according to various aspects of the present invention may comprise a sensor adapted to generate a measurement of a voltage or a current. A memory may store a correction parameter that corresponds to the measurement, and a correction system may be adapted to adjust the measurement according to the correction parameter.

Abstract: A package (10) for the storage and dispensing of a plurality of materials includes a first and a second longitudinally juxtaposed barrels (11, 12). Each barrel (11, 12) having a first and a second end (20, 21). Each first and second barrels (11, 12) having a quantity of at least one of the materials initially contained therein, and each barrel having an open end (20) and a dispensing end (21). A sealing plunger (40) disposed in each barrel (11, 12) such that the material in each barrel (11, 12) is initially positioned between the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12) and the respective ones of the sealing plungers (40). A snap cap (23) is contiguously formed to initially close each of the dispensing ends (21) of the barrels (11, 12), such that the snap cap (23) may be broken from the barrels (11, 12) to thereby forming a secondary open end (22) at the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12), thereby facilitating the material contained in each barrel (11, 12) to flow through and be dispensed.

Abstract: A tip (10) for the dispensing of materials includes a housing (11) having first and second chambers (12, 13) contained therein. The chambers (12, 13) communicate with a mixing reservoir (19) and a hollow barrel (21). The hollow barrel (21) has an output orifice (51) and is in fluid communication with the mixing reservoir (19). Disposed within hollow barrel (21) is a static mixing device (30).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus selecting settings for circuits according to various aspects of the present invention may operate in conjunction with a measurement element connected to the circuit. The circuit may include a voltage source adapted to supply a voltage to the measurement element. The voltage may be substantially independent of the characteristics of the measurement element. The circuit may further include a measurement sensor responsive to a current in the measurement element. The measurement sensor may generate a control signal according to the current in the measurement element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a multiphase power regulator according various aspects of the present invention operate in conjunction with an active transient response (ATR) system for applying a correction signal to a multiphase pulse width modulator. In the event of a transient, the ATR system may adjust the output of the pulse width modulator to quickly respond to load requirements. The output may be modified by adding pulses, blanking pulses, advancing pulses, and scaling pulses to one or more phases.

Abstract: A package (10) for the storage and dispensing of a plurality of materials includes a first and a second longitudinally juxtaposed barrels (11, 12). Each barrel (11,12) having a first and a second end (20, 21). Each first and second barrels (11, 12) having a quantity of at least one of the materials initially contained therein, and each barrel having an open end (20) and a dispensing end (21). A sealing plunger (40) disposed in each barrel (11, 12) such that the material in each barrel (11, 12) is initially positioned between the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12) and the respective ones of the sealing plungers (40). A snap cap (23) is contiguously formed to initially close each of the dispensing ends (21) of the barrels (11, 12), such that the snap cap (23) may be broken from the barrels (11, 12) to thereby forming a secondary open end (22) at the dispensing end (21) of the barrels (11, 12), thereby facilitating the material contained in each barrel (11, 12) to flow through and be dispensed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of operating a dynamic exhaust system of a motorcycle engine. The method includes providing a valve in the exhaust system that is movable to direct exhaust gases between a first flow path through the exhaust system and a second flow path through the exhaust system. The method includes actuating the valve at a first speed to redirect exhaust gases from the first flow path to the second flow path and actuating the valve at a second speed greater than the first speed to redirect exhaust gases from the second flow path to the first flow path.

Abstract: A primary housing for a motorcycle engine includes an inner housing that defines internal coupling apertures, transmission coupling apertures, and external coupling apertures. Internal fasteners extend through the internal coupling apertures and the transmission coupling apertures to couple the inner housing to the crankcase and the transmission. An outer housing defines coupling apertures that align with the external coupling apertures and fasteners extend through the coupling apertures, through the external coupling apertures, and into the engine crankcase to couple the inner and outer housings to the crankcase. A resonant damping device is rigidly or moveably coupled to an anti-node region of the outer housing to reduce noise emissions from the outer housing during engine operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power regulator for providing precisely regulated power to a microelectronic device such as a microprocessor. Improved power regulation is accomplished by optimizing the power efficiency of the power regulator. In particular, in a multiphase system, the number of active phases is increased or decreased to achieve optimum power efficiency. The multiphase voltage regulator adapts the operating mode to maximize efficiency as the load current demand of the load device changes by adjusting the number of active phases to maximize efficiency. The total value of current provided by the regulator and the total number of active phases is determined, the total number of active phases is compared with the number of active phases required to provide the total value of current at maximum efficiency; and the number of active phases is adjusted to provide the total value of current at maximum efficiency.

Abstract: A primary housing for a motorcycle engine includes an inner housing that defines internal coupling apertures, transmission coupling apertures, and external coupling apertures. Internal fasteners extend through the internal coupling apertures and the transmission coupling apertures to couple the inner housing to the crankcase and the transmission. An outer housing defines coupling apertures that align with the external coupling apertures and fasteners extend through the coupling apertures, through the external coupling apertures, and into the engine crankcase to couple the inner and outer housings to the crankcase. A resonant damping device is rigidly or moveably coupled to an anti-node region of the outer housing to reduce noise emissions from the outer housing during engine operation.

Abstract: A mask layer is applied to a surface of a semiconductor structure or a seed layer deposited on the surface. The mask layer has a submicron width opening with a high aspect ratio that exposes a portion of the surface or seed layer. Conductive material is conformed to the opening, for example by plating, to form a first contact on the surface or seed layer. The mask and the top layer of the semiconductor structure, except for the portion under the first contact, are removed to expose a second layer of the semiconductor structure. An insulating layer is formed along the sidewalls of the first contact and the top layer of the semiconductor structure beneath the first contact. A mask is then applied to the second layer and a second contact is formed by selectively depositing metal only on the portion of the second layer exposed by the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-phase pulse width modulated voltage regulator and method in which transient voltage excursions or deviations that exceed the load line voltage by more than a pre-determined amount are detected by an ATR circuit and a correction signal is applied. The correction signal is in the form of asynchronous pulses and the number of such pulses is a function of the magnitude of the voltage excursion as determined by the number of thresholds that are exceeded. Also disclosed is an adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) circuit and method for early detection of a transient event by sensing voltage changes at the load and adjusting the target voltage with pre-determined current values prior to the time that ATR event changes in the current at the load are detected. The AVP load line is pre-positioned for more precise current control. Also disclosed is an adaptive filter with adjustable frequency characteristics in response to an ATR event. Also disclosed is a pulse limiting circuit.

Abstract: A heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is disclosed that includes successive emitter, base and collector and sub-collector epitaxial layers and emitter, base and collector contact metals contacting the emitter, base and sub-collector layers respectively. A passivation material is included that covers the uncovered portions of the layers and covers substantially all of the contact metals. The passivation material has a planar surface and a portion of each of the contact metals protrudes from the surface. Planar metals are included on the planar surface, each being isolated from the others and in electrical contact with a respective contact metal. A method for fabricating an HBT is also disclosed, wherein successive emitter, base, collector and sub-collector epitaxial layers are deposited on a substrate, with the substrate being adjacent to the sub-collector layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of operating a dynamic exhaust system of a motorcycle engine. The method includes providing a valve in the exhaust system that is movable to direct exhaust gases between a first flow path through the exhaust system and a second flow path through the exhaust system. The method includes actuating the valve at a first speed to redirect exhaust gases from the first flow path to the second flow path and actuating the valve at a second speed greater than the first speed to redirect exhaust gases from the second flow path to the first flow path.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a BiFET situated on a substrate comprises an emitter layer segment situated over the substrate, where the emitter layer segment comprises a semiconductor of a first type. The HBT further comprises a first segment of an etch stop layer, where the first segment of the etch stop layer comprises InGaP. The BiFET further comprises a FET situated over the substrate, where the FET comprises source and drain regions, where a second segment of the etch stop layer is situated under the source and drain regions, and where the second segment of the etch stop layer comprises InGaP. The FET further comprises a semiconductor layer of a second type situated under the second segment of the etch stop layer. The etch stop layer increases linearity of the FET and does not degrade electron current flow in the HBT.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a BiFET situated on a substrate comprises an emitter layer segment situated over the substrate, where the emitter layer segment comprises a semiconductor of a first type. The HBT further comprises a first segment of an etch stop layer, where the first segment of the etch stop layer comprises InGaP. The BiFET further comprises a FET situated over the substrate, where the FET comprises source and drain regions, where a second segment of the etch stop layer is situated under the source and drain regions, and where the second segment of the etch stop layer comprises InGaP. The FET further comprises a semiconductor layer of a second type situated under the second segment of the etch stop layer. The etch stop layer increases linearity of the FET and does not degrade electron current flow in the HBT.

Abstract: The use of chemokine receptor CCR5 modulators (e.g., CCR5 antagonists) is disclosed for the treatment or prevention of stress response (e.g., fever) in a subject resulting from surgery, infection or other insult to the subject (e.g., a warm-blooded vertebrate). Methods for treating or preventing disorders involving the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by administration of a CCR5 modulator, for inhibiting the endogenous production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the administration of CCR5 modulators, and for determining the efficacy of CCR5 modulators in correcting abnormal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are also disclosed.