Abstract: A light emitting element is provided, which comprises a pair of electrodes, a p-type semiconductor layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer. The p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer are interposed between the pair of electrodes. The p-type semiconductor layer includes a first sulfide, and the n-type semiconductor layer includes a second sulfide. At least one of the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor layer includes a light emitting center.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a film forming method for forming a film with reduced defect and to provide a film forming method for forming a film with a uniform quality. In addition, another object is to provide a manufacturing method of a light emitting element which can be driven with low voltage. Further, another object is to provide a manufacturing method of a light emitting element with high light emission efficiency. A film with reduced defect and a uniform quality can be formed by fixing a substrate to a substrate holding unit so that at least a part of a surface of the substrate is exposed, evaporating a vapor deposition material from an evaporation source filled with the vapor deposition material, irradiating the vapor deposition material which is evaporated with a laser beam, and depositing the vapor deposition material on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: In a planetarium apparatus, a first controller controls a projector for projecting a state of celestial bodies as observed from a selected first viewpoint onto a dome, and a second controller controls a display and/or a video projector for displaying said state of celestial bodies as observed from a selected second viewpoint onto the dome and/or on other screen.

Abstract: A planetarium of the present invention has a plurality of projectors for projecting astronomical bodies and the like, input device and the like for entering data relating to the attitude of said projector, controller for controlling the attitude of said projector in accordance with said data, and memory device. The memory device stores variety information relating to planets, constellations, astronomical phenomena, and so one. When the attitude of projectors is entered, suitable information from among the information stored in the memory device is selected and displayed on a display device.