Abstract: A television display reduces the visibility of the raster-scan structure. Each incoming horizontal line of video information is stored in a memory and read twice at a double clock frequency. Each incoming horizontal line is therefore replicated. Each line and its delayed replica are applied to a display device scanned at double the normal rate, thereby displaying each horizontal line of information as a line pair oriented one above the other. This doubles the number of scanning lines in the display in a simple manner and reduces the visibility of the raster scan structure.

Abstract: A multichannel sampled system uses a single set of steering bits to reconstruct deleted samples from all channels. The steering bits can be derived from the channel having the greatest bandwidth or amplitude, or by majority voting logic operating on steering bits from all channels.

Abstract: A digital signal processor uses a RAM for signal processing. This allows the transfer function to be easily changed by either hardwired circuitry or a microprocessor. Two RAMs per channel can be used, one processing the signal, while the other has its transfer function changed. The operations of the RAMs can be changed during a portion of the input signal, e.g. blanking times, when the switch over is not objectionable.

Abstract: In a standard NTSC composite video signal, the peak excursion of the luminance plus chrominance signal for certain saturated colors exceeds the peak excursion of the white-representative luminance alone. When digitized, the signal is subject to quantizing noise. The effective spectial distribution of the quantizing noise is improved by reducing the amplitude of the chrominance signal so that the peak excursion of luminance plus chrominance for saturated colors does not substantially exceed the peak amplitude of white-representative luminance.

Abstract: A TDM scheme has a Y signal that is sampled at 14.32 MHz and every other sample is discarded. The discarded samples are 180.degree. out-of-phase from line-to-line. I and Q signals are sampled at one half this frequency and every other sample is discarded also 180.degree. out-of-phase from line-to-line on a given line. The discarded samples of Q and I are 180.degree. out-of-phase with respect to each other. This allows insertion of the retained I and Q samples into the retained Y samples to allow multiplexing.

Abstract: An improved transmission arrangement for a color television signal includes a time-division multiplexing apparatus for alternately presenting for transmission through a single channel baseband signals defining the chrominance information of the television signal. In order to provide improved resolution, a store is coupled to the signal source for storing at a writing rate a first of the baseband components during the time at which it is generated. A read generator is coupled to the store for reading the stored baseband component at a higher data rate than that at which it was generated. The baseband component is transmitted through the single channel at the higher data rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing component-to-composite and vice versa transcodings of a sampled video signal features generating steering bits that indicate which of combinations of surrounding samples of a composite signal has a component that provides the closest match to the corresponding component of an original component video signal. This allows successive transcodings with a minimum of crosstalk between components, e.g., luminance and chrominance.

Abstract: In order to reduce the amount of hardware required in comparing 8-bit numbers representing digitized video signals, only the four LSB are compared, since if the numbers differ by more than the four LSB, no comparison is desired. This is done by detecting if any of the four MSB are logic "1", and if so, setting all of the four LSB to logic "1".

Abstract: An apparatus reduces quantizing noise by averaging picture information when only low frequency information is present. Thus, high frequency detail is not lost. This is determined by looking at proximate samples to see if their amplitudes are within a selected amount of each other. The averaging typically is of two or four picture samples depending upon how great an area has only low frequencies, but greater numbers of samples can be used.

Abstract: A digital TV system reduces the data rate by transmitting or recording only bytes representing half of the sampled pixels. Steering bits are also transmitted that tell which of the transmitted bytes are the closest match to the untransmitted bytes so the pixels represented by the later can be reconstructed.

Abstract: Separate durations of acceleration and constant velocity are utilized to attain phase locking between a recorded sync signal and an external reference sync signal while accelerating a recorded medium from an intermediate velocity to its operational velocity, with each duration being proportional to the intermediate velocity.

Abstract: An encoder for digital video signals uses averages of pairs of transmitted samples to reconstruct untransmitted samples. The pair selected for reconstruction is selected in accordance with the criteria of least change around the untransmitted sample. If a plurality of averages are tied for least change, a priority order is used to select which average to use. For color video the priority order is preferably the horizontal, diagonal and vertical averages. A different order can be used for monochrome signals.

Abstract: A system is described for automatic adjustment of a color television camera for correcting for geometrical errors in the raster and amplitude errors in the video. The system includes means for measuring the errors, positions, or amplitudes of the camera output signals at different locations of the red, green, and blue rasters for simultaneously providing detected signals representing the detected error positions or amplitudes of these locations to a signal processing means. The processing means selectively and separately processes said detected signals according to a plurality of algorithms for producing a plurality of correction signals. The correction signals are applied to the camera for adjusting the camera according to all of the correction signals before remeasuring the rasters.

Abstract: The individual red, green, and blue video white levels from a color television camera are maintained constant when the individual red, green, and blue black camera control levels are adjusted by the master black camera control by additively summing a first percentage of the selected master black level to the individual red, green, and blue black levels to form the final individual black levels and by subtracting a second percentage of the selected master black level from the individual red, green, and blue white levels selected by the individual red, green, and blue white level camera controls.

Abstract: The system herein for use in a television camera system normally generates contour correction signals from the green video signals but when the green video signal level falls below a predetermined level, the contour correction signals are also generated from the red video signal. The system allows for normal misregistration of the camera by extending the green video signal beyond the normal time period and by delaying the red video signal approximately one-half the amount the green video signal is extended to center the red signal with respect to the extended green video signal. The extended green video signal and delayed red video signals are compared and when the delayed red video signal amplitude exceeds the green video signal amplitude by a predetermined amount the difference signal contributes to the generation of the contour correction signals.

Abstract: A transmission line cable terminated at both ends is routed through a plurality of separate television cameras and a television monitor. Each camera includes a current source coupled to the cable. The video from the camera modulates the current source to produce a signal across the terminations without changing the impedance across the line.

Abstract: A system for remotely controlling a color television camera includes a converter responsive to amplitude levels at control potentiometers for sequentially providing a binary digital representation of the amplitude levels at the potentiometers. A transmission line couples the binary output from the converter to the television camera to be controlled. The camera includes a digital to analog converter for sequentially converting binary signals back to amplitude levels and applying these levels to the TV camera control circuitry.

Abstract: The extreme up and down positions of an iris control generate special binary digital codes. There special codes when decoded cause an up-down counter to be responsive to clock pulses and corresponding count up or down. The output of the counter is converted to an analog voltage which in turn controls the position of a camera iris. The iris opening is changed at a constant ranging rate determined by the clock when the lever is in the extreme positions. When the lever is between these extreme positions the iris is no longer changing at a constant ranging rate but rather is directly selected by the position of the lever.

Abstract: A control system for a color television camera having a plurality of adjustable controls includes a multiple address Random Access Memory (RAM) for storing, in a binary code, signals representing the control values for the camera. Addresses for the control value signals are supplied to the memory to thereby provide, during each field, in binary form, the control value signals from the memory. A digital to analog converter responsive to the binary signals provides pulse amplitude modulated signals representing, in analog form, the control values. The pulse amplitude modulated signals are coupled to appropriate temporary storage devices in the camera each field for storing the control values. The camera includes means connectable to a setup control unit for only modifying the control values in the RAM when desired and not interfering with the original adjusted value unless a change is desired.

Abstract: A control unit for providing setup adjustment of a color television camera which includes a digital memory for storing the control values for the camera and means coupled to the memory for applying the control values to the camera control circuitry. The setup control unit includes an adjustable control for providing binary correction signals. Different setup control functions are selectively provided to the adjustable control by a selective switch.