Abstract: Furfural is produced from biomass material containing pentosan, in high yields, in a production process comprising treating the biomass with a solution containing at least one ?-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce a product stream containing at least one C5-carbohydrate compound in monomeric and/or oligomeric form, and dehydrating the C5-carbohydrate compound in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, in a biphasic reaction medium comprising an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic phase, at a temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. to produce a dehydration product stream containing furfural. An aqueous stream is separated from the dehydration product, which can be optionally recycled to the hydrolysis step.

Abstract: Furfural is produced from biomass material containing pentosan, in high yields, in a production process comprising treating the biomass with a solution containing at least one ?-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce a product stream containing at least one C5-carbohydrate compound in monomeric and/or oligomeric form, and dehydrating the C5-carbohydrate compound in the presence of an acid, in a biphasic reaction medium comprising an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic phase, at a temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. to produce a dehydration product stream containing furfural. An aqueous stream is separated from the dehydration product that can be optionally recycled to the hydrolysis step.

Abstract: A weighted acid composition comprising an acid, a brine, and an amino acid and associated methods.

Abstract: A selectable drive printing device includes a drive selector system to select between driving a print drive system and driving a scan drive system based at least partially on a position of a selector swing arm of the drive selector system. The selectable drive printing device includes a shifter to selectively shift the drive selector system between a scanning system drive position of the selector swing arm and a printing system drive position of the selector swing arm.

Abstract: A method of performing analysis-based conflict mediation is performed by executing computer-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The method provides an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), that is stored on a computing device. The method of the present manages a conflict-mediation profile that includes client accounts. Each of which is associated to one of the opposing parties to the mediation process. The method uses mediation criteria, mediation demands, and business objectives and user-supplied importance values as the inputs for the AHP. The AHP generates weights that quantify how emotional and logical the opposing parties are. This analysis is used to rank the parties' desired outcomes and to present the parties with a set of resolutions which are logically based and mutually beneficial.

Abstract: To implement a multi-touch attribution model, a conversion event resulting from user activity is programmatically detected. A set of events that precede the conversion event is identified. Respective events of the set occur on respective websites. The conversion event is attributed to multiple websites of the respective websites.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to initiation of a shortage model in a printing device. For example, initiation of a shortage model may include guidance of a page of print media through a printing device by a feedshaft and an upper paper guide, where the page of print media is held by a media control surface. A shortage model may be initiated based on an amount of data to be printed. An ink nozzle may be turned off based on the initiated shortage model.

Abstract: A dental cleaning appliance includes a handle and a fluid delivery system. The fluid delivery system includes a nozzle for delivering a burst of working fluid to the teeth of a user. The nozzle moves relative to the handle as the appliance is moved along the teeth of the user. A sensor provides an output which varies with movement of nozzle relative to the handle. A control circuit actuates the delivery of working fluid to the teeth of the user depending on the output from the sensor. The control circuit is configured to adjust a parameter of the delivery to the teeth of the user, such as the volume of working fluid within a delivery, depending on the variation with time of the output from the sensor.

Abstract: A dental cleaning appliance includes a handle and a fluid delivery system. The fluid delivery system includes a nozzle for delivering a burst of working fluid to the teeth of a user. A contact member for engaging the teeth of the user is moveable relative to the nozzle as the appliance is moved along the teeth of the user. A sensor provides an output which varies with movement of contact member relative to the nozzle. A control circuit actuates the delivery of working fluid to the teeth of the user depending on the output from the sensor.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system for a dental cleaning appliance includes a nozzle for delivering a burst of working fluid to the teeth of a user, and a fluid conduit for conveying working fluid to the nozzle. A body of the nozzle defines a fluid chamber and a channel for conveying working fluid from the fluid chamber to a fluid outlet from the nozzle. The fluid chamber has a tangential inlet for receiving working fluid from the fluid conduit.

Abstract: A dental cleaning appliance includes a nozzle having a fluid chamber, a fluid outlet and a channel extending between the fluid chamber and the fluid outlet. A water reservoir provides water to a pump for generating a burst of pressurized water, which is supplied to the nozzle by a fluid conduit. Following the delivery of the burst of water to the teeth of the user, a valve draws water back into the fluid chamber from the channel to prevent that water from dripping from the fluid outlet before the next water burst is generated by the pump. Simultaneously, air may be drawn into the fluid chamber, for example, through the fluid outlet, for mixing with the next water burst to generate a fluid burst for delivery to the user's teeth.

Abstract: Inducibly degradable compositions comprising polyacetal and associated methods and systems.

Abstract: A system for generating and processing an electronic funding application is disclosed. The system includes a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to execute the instructions to transmit the electronic funding application to a client and enter financial data into the funding application. The financial data includes a magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) line, a currency amount, and an account identifier. The instructions further transmit the financial data to a server, validate at least a portion of the financial data by comparing a portion of the financial data to data representing valid demand deposit accounts, convert the MICR line to an item compatible with an automated clearing house (ACH) network, and submit the item and the currency amount to the ACH network. The currency amount is transferred from the demand deposit account of the customer to the financial account of the customer.

Abstract: A pump assembly for a dental cleaning appliance includes a fluid chamber, a piston, and a drive. Magnets, connected respectively to the piston and the drive, enable the drive to couple to the piston and move it within the fluid chamber to draw fluid into the fluid chamber. A stop prevents the piston from being pulled beyond a stop position so that through continued actuation of the drive the magnets separate to allow a spring to push the piston away from the stop position to urge a burst of fluid from the fluid chamber.

Abstract: A pump assembly for a dental cleaning appliance includes a fluid chamber, a piston, and a drive. The drive rotates a coupling member having two angularly opposed pins. An arm pivotably connected to the piston has a seat for receiving one of the pins to couple the piston to the drive. Through continued rotation of the coupling member, the piston moves within the fluid chamber to draw fluid into the fluid chamber until the second detent contacts the arm to push it away from the first detent to decouple the drive from the piston. This allows a compressed spring to actuate the piston to urge a burst of fluid from the fluid chamber.

Abstract: A prosthesis for monitoring a stenosis in the prosthesis comprises a tubular prosthesis having a proximal portion, a distal portion, and a lumen extending therebetween. A sensor is coupled to the tubular prosthesis and disposed at an effective predetermined location on the tubular prosthesis so that the sensor may sense a presence of the stenosis in the lumen.

Abstract: To implement a multi-touch attribution model, a conversion event resulting from user activity is programmatically detected. A set of events that precede the conversion event is identified. Respective events of the set occur on respective websites. The conversion event is attributed to multiple websites of the respective websites.

Abstract: An acid-generating fluid comprising a thermally activated strong acid precursor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for diagnosing and treating disorders of the lung are provided, which may include any number of features. In one embodiment, a method comprises obtaining diagnostic information relating to a patient's lungs, compiling a list of potential treatment plans for lung volume reduction in the first and second lungs, excluding treatment plans from the list of potential treatment plans that propose treatment of a lung segment that falls within a segment exclusion rule, and identifying at least one preferred treatment plan from the list of potential treatment plans that targets sufficiently diseased lung segments while also targeting a preferred combined volume of the first and second lungs.

Abstract: Since biomass is always accompanied by caustic inorganic materials, we have found that the formation of the anion salt of ?-hydroxysulfonic acid represent the largest “loss” of the ?-hydroxysulfonic acid in the potential reversible acid pretreatment process. By titrating the ?-hydroxysulfonic acid salt with strong mineral acid and then reverting the alfa-hydroxysulfonic acid as its primary components, the acid components can be recovered substantially quantitatively.