Abstract: An online system uses a trained machine-learning model for dynamically modifying an authorization buffer amount to cover additional expenses occurring during fulfillment of an online order. Upon receiving a signal indicating that a user entered an online checkout stage of the order, the online system applies the machine-learning model to generate a set of values of a metric for a set of authorization buffer amounts, each value of the metric resulting from charging the user a respective authorization buffer amount over an expected value of the order if a value of the order at delivery is greater than the expected value. The online system selects an authorization buffer amount resulting in the largest value of the metric, and generates an authorization signal that authorizes charging the user the authorization buffer amount over the expected value if the value of the order is greater than the expected value.

Abstract: A lighting device, comprising a housing, a light emitting diode, an optical system configured to at least partially collimate light emissions in a forward direction; and a removable accessory that reflects a portion of the light emissions more than 90 degrees from the forward direction. Also, a lighting device comprising a housing and a plurality of light emitters arranged in a row, and a light distribution-modifying element comprising a body portion and a plurality of light distribution-modifying protrusions (each comprising a reflection surface) arranged in a row substantially parallel to the row of light emitters, at least some of the light emitters aligned with at least some of the plurality of light distribution-modifying protrusions as respective pairs. Also, a light distribution-modifying element, and a lighting device comprising a housing, at least one light emitter, and a light distribution-modifying element comprising a body portion and a light distribution-modifying protrusion. Also, methods.

Abstract: A lamp comprising: (a) a work light source configured to emit work light downward to illuminate a work surface; (b) a circadian stimulation (CS) light source having a light emitting surface for emitting CS light in at least a first mode normal to said work light, CS light in said first mode having a first EML and a first brightness sufficient to cause circadian entrainment in a user.

Abstract: An artificial sunlight system for wall installation comprising: one or more modules, each module comprising at least the following, (a) a frame configured to be installed on a wall; (b) at least one panel supported by said frame, said panel having first and second ends and an emission surface for emitting panel light, and said panel being configured to emit said panel light away from said wall when said frame is installed on said wall; and (c) at least one ceiling light emitter supported by said frame, said ceiling light emitter being configured to emit ceiling light upward toward a ceiling when said frame is installed on said wall.

Abstract: An online concierge system fulfills orders for items offered by retailers and may increase the price of an item offered by a retailer in some instances. The online concierge system applies a markup to an item by applying a pricing policy to a category including the item. To optimize application of pricing policies to categories, the online concierge system categorizes items offered by the retailer and applies an outcome model to combinations of categories and pricing policies. From the output of the outcome model, the online concierge system selects a set of categories and corresponding pricing policies. Using a price adjustment model, the online concierge system determines modifications to one or more of the pricing policies of the set to enforce one or more constraints across multiple pricing policies.

Abstract: An online concierge system fulfills orders for items offered by retailers and may increase the price of an item offered by a retailer in some instances. The online concierge system applies a markup to an item by applying a pricing policy to a category including the item. To optimize application of pricing policies to categories, the online concierge system categorizes items offered by the retailer and applies an outcome model to combinations of categories and pricing policies. From the output of the outcome model, the online concierge system selects a set of categories and corresponding pricing policies. Using a price adjustment model, the online concierge system determines modifications to one or more of the pricing policies of the set to enforce one or more constraints across multiple pricing policies.

Abstract: A lamp comprising: (a) a work light source configured to emit work light downward to illuminate a work surface; (b) a circadian stimulation (CS) light source having a light emitting surface for emitting CS light in at least a first mode normal to said work light, CS light in said first mode having a first EML and a first brightness sufficient to cause circadian entrainment in a user.

Abstract: A light panel comprising a waveguide having an emission surface for emitting emitted light, and multiple light sources having at least first and second colors, said multiple light sources being optically coupled to said waveguide to create a color gradient between said first and second colors across said emission surface.

Abstract: An artificial sunlight system for wall installation comprising: one or more modules, each module comprising at least the following, (a) a frame configured to be installed on a wall; (b) at least one panel supported by said frame, said panel having first and second ends and an emission surface for emitting panel light, and said panel being configured to emit said panel light away from said wall when said frame is installed on said wall; and (c) at least one ceiling light emitter supported by said frame, said ceiling light emitter being configured to emit ceiling light upward toward a ceiling when said frame is installed on said wall.

Abstract: A lamp comprising: (a) a work light source configured to emit work light downward to illuminate a work surface; (b) a circadian stimulation (CS) light source having a light emitting surface for emitting CS light in at least a first mode normal to said work light, CS light in said first mode having a first EML and a first brightness sufficient to cause circadian entrainment in a user.

Abstract: A lighting device assembly comprising a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting devices on a first side of a base, the first side of the base and a second side of the base (opposite the first side) are the largest sides of the base, and are both substantially flat and substantially rectangular, and a length of the first side is at least four times a width of the first side. Also, a lighting device assembly comprising a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting devices on a first side of a base, which base is an entirety of a one-piece structure, and for each of first and second sides of the base, at least 75 percent of points on an exterior of the first side and a second side of the base are base-obstruction-free in at least 80 percent of all directions away from the respective side. Also, methods of making lighting device assemblies.

Abstract: A lighting device, comprising a housing, a light emitting diode, an optical system configured to at least partially collimate light emissions in a forward direction; and a removable accessory that reflects a portion of the light emissions more than 90 degrees from the forward direction. Also, a lighting device comprising a housing and a plurality of light emitters arranged in a row, and a light distribution-modifying element comprising a body portion and a plurality of light distribution-modifying protrusions (each comprising a reflection surface) arranged in a row substantially parallel to the row of light emitters. at least some of the light emitters aligned with at least some of the plurality of light distribution-modifying protrusions as respective pairs. Also, a light distribution-modifying element, and a lighting device comprising a housing, at least one light emitter, and a light distribution-modifying element comprising a body portion and a light distribution-modifying protrusion. Also, methods.

Abstract: Based on logged information about prior events, an online concierge system generates a set of location metrics that quantify properties of locations such as retailers at which items may be acquired, and residences to which the items are brought. The location metrics can be used for a variety of purposes to aid customers or other users of the online concierge system, such as providing the users with more information (e.g., likely delivery delays) or alternative options (e.g., pricing options), or emphasizing options that the location metrics indicate would be of particular value to the user. To determine whether to emphasize a particular option, the online concierge system applies a machine-learned model that predicts whether emphasizing that option would effect a positive change in user behavior, relative to not emphasizing it.

Abstract: An online concierge system fulfills orders for items offered by retailers and may increase the price of an item offered by a retailer in some instances. The online concierge system applies a markup to an item by applying a pricing policy to a category including the item. To optimize application of pricing policies to categories, the online concierge system categorizes items offered by the retailer and applies an outcome model to combinations of categories and pricing policies. From the output of the outcome model, the online concierge system selects a set of categories and corresponding pricing policies. Using a price adjustment model, the online concierge system determines modifications to one or more of the pricing policies of the set to enforce one or more constraints across multiple pricing policies.

Abstract: An artificial sunlight system for wall installation comprising: one or more modules, each module comprising at least the following, (a) a frame configured to be installed on a wall; (b) at least one panel supported by said frame, said panel having first and second ends and an emission surface for emitting panel light, and said panel being configured to emit said panel light away from said wall when said frame is installed on said wall; and (c) at least one ceiling light emitter supported by said frame, said ceiling light emitter being configured to emit ceiling light upward toward a ceiling when said frame is installed on said wall.

Abstract: An optical cup which mixes multiple channels of light to form a blended output, the device having discreet zones or channels including a plurality of reflective cavities each having a remote phosphor light converting appliance covering a cluster of LEDs providing a channel of light which is reflected upward. The predetermined blends of phosphors provide a predetermined range of illumination wavelengths in the output.