Abstract: A method for characterizing gas emissions includes measuring first and second optical beams to generate first and second absorption signals, respectively. Each of the optical beams is transmitted from a center point and retroreflected back to the center point. Paths of the optical beams define boundaries of a sector. Based on the absorption signals, an emission rate of a gas from within the sector is determined. If the emission rate exceeds a threshold, a third optical beam is measured to generate a third absorption signal. The third optical beam is transmitted from the center point and retroreflected back to the center point. The third optical beam propagates along a path that divides the sector into first and second subsectors. Based on the first, second, and third absorption signals, a location of a source of the gas is identified as being within the first subsector or the second subsector.

Abstract: A dual-beam optomechanical steerer includes first and second rotators mounted to a two-axis gimbal system. Each rotator is adjustable to control the azimuthal and elevation angles at which an optical transmitter affixed to the rotator transmits a beam of light. Thus, the two-axis gimbal system orients two optical transmitters identically while the first and second rotators orient the two optical transmitters independently with respect to the two-axis gimbal system. Examples of each rotator include a tip-tilt stage, goniometer, and rotation stage. Alternatively, a deflector may be used instead of each rotator. Examples of the deflector include an acousto-optic deflector, translatable lens, and Risley prism. The dual-beam steerer may be used to perform remote gas detection with two separate optical beams.

Abstract: A method for characterizing gas emissions includes sampling each of a plurality of sectors having a common geographic center. For each sector, a first laser beam is transmitted from the geographic center to a first retroreflection location, where it is retroreflected into a first retroreflected beam. Near the geographic center, the first retroreflected beam is measured to obtain a first absorption. A second laser beam is then transmitted from the geographic center to a second retroreflection location, where it is retroreflected into a second retroreflected beam. Near the geographic center, the second retroreflected beam is measured to obtain a second absorption. The first and second retroreflection locations are both located within the same sector. First and second concentrations are determined from the first and second absorptions and processed to determine emission information about a known or potential gas source whose source lies within the sector.

Abstract: A method for adaptive dual frequency-comb spectroscopy includes repeatedly (i) recording a single interferogram with a dual frequency-comb spectrometer, (ii) averaging the single interferogram into an averaged interferogram, and (iii) determining a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the averaged interferogram, until the SNR of the averaged interferogram exceeds a SNR threshold. In certain embodiments, determining the SNR includes determining a signal amplitude of a center burst of the averaged interferogram and determining a noise level of the averaged interferogram from data points of the averaged interferogram located away from the center burst. In certain embodiments, determining the SNR includes Fourier transforming the averaged interferogram into a frequency spectrum and numerically integrating the frequency spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of making 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(R-phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (where R is H or a hydrocarbyl group) comprising the step of contacting 1,4,5,8-tetrachloroanthraquinone with a mixture of R-anilines comprising at least two different R groups, under conditions to produce 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(R-phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione. The present disclosure also provides a reaction mixture of 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(R-phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione characterized by having the R groups on at least 75% of the 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(R-amino)anthracene-9,10-dione molecules in the mixture be comprised of 2 or more different R groups.

Abstract: A frequency-measurement method uses a dual frequency-comb spectrometer as an optical wavemeter to measure the frequency of a reference laser that is used to frequency-stabilize the spectrometer. The method includes measuring a walking rate of center bursts in a sequence of interferograms recorded by the spectrometer, determining a number of teeth in each of a plurality of Nyquist windows formed by the dual frequency-comb spectrometer, and determining a Nyquist number of the one Nyquist window covering the laser frequency. The reference laser frequency can then be determined from the number of teeth in each Nyquist window, the Nyquist number, and the comb spacing of either one of the two frequency combs of the dual frequency-comb spectrometer. The reference laser frequency does not need to be measured with a separate wavemeter, or calibrated with respect to a known atomic or molecular transition.

Abstract: A jet cartridge for jetting fluid material includes a body adapted to receive fluid material, and a fluid passage defined within the body and extending along a longitudinal axis thereof. At least a portion of the fluid passage extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis. The body is adapted to receive heat from a heating element and to transfer the heat to the fluid material flowing through the fluid passage. A method of jetting fluid material with a jet dispenser including a jet cartridge includes receiving fluid material into the jet cartridge, directing the fluid material through the jet cartridge along a longitudinal axis thereof and obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis, heating the fluid material directed through fluid cartridge to a target temperature, maintaining the target temperature as the fluid material enters a nozzle, and jetting the heated fluid material through the nozzle.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8—substituted dibenzofuran, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; provided that R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 collectively have at least two carbon atoms; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10-substituted xanthene, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8—substituted dibenzofuran, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; provided that R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 collectively have at least two carbon atoms; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A jet cartridge for jetting fluid material includes a body adapted to receive fluid material, and a fluid passage defined within the body and extending along a longitudinal axis thereof. At least a portion of the fluid passage extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis. The body is adapted to receive heat from a heating element and to transfer the heat to the fluid material flowing through the fluid passage. A method of jetting fluid material with a jet dispenser including a jet cartridge includes receiving fluid material into the jet cartridge, directing the fluid material through the jet cartridge along a longitudinal axis thereof and obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis, heating the fluid material directed through fluid cartridge to a target temperature, maintaining the target temperature as the fluid material enters a nozzle, and jetting the heated fluid material through the nozzle.

Abstract: A frequency-measurement method uses a dual frequency-comb spectrometer as an optical wavemeter to measure the frequency of a reference laser that is used to frequency-stabilize the spectrometer. The method includes measuring a walking rate of center bursts in a sequence of interferograms recorded by the spectrometer, determining a number of teeth in each of a plurality of Nyquist windows formed by the dual frequency-comb spectrometer, and determining a Nyquist number of the one Nyquist window covering the laser frequency. The reference laser frequency can then be determined from the number of teeth in each Nyquist window, the Nyquist number, and the comb spacing of either one of the two frequency combs of the dual frequency-comb spectrometer. The reference laser frequency does not need to be measured with a separate wavemeter, or calibrated with respect to a known atomic or molecular transition.

Abstract: A virtual interactive archive video sports game configured to generate a virtual gaming match between two opponents is disclosed. The system includes a user input, a video clip database, a challenges database, a display and a processor. The user input is configured to receive at least one opponent selection input and at least one challenge selection input. The video clip database is configured with a plurality of video clips between the two opponents. The challenges database is configured with a plurality of challenges relating to the video clips in the video clip database. The display is configured to present the video clips, challenges and results data to the user.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 , R8, R9 and R10-substituted xanthene, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.

Abstract: A system for detecting gas leaks and determining their location and size. A data gathering portion of the system utilizes a chosen geometrical configuration to collect path-integrated spectroscopic data over multiple paths around an area. A processing portion of the system applies a transport model together with meteorological data of the area to generate an influence function of possible leak locations on gas detector measurement paths, and applies an inversion model to the influence function, prior data, and the spectroscopic data to generate gas source size and location.

Abstract: A system for detecting gas leaks and determining their location and size. A data gathering portion of the system utilizes a chosen geometrical configuration to collect path-integrated spectroscopic data over multiple paths around an area. A processing portion of the system applies a transport model together with meteorological data of the area to generate an influence function of possible leak locations on gas detector measurement paths, and applies an inversion model to the influence function, prior data, and the spectroscopic data to generate gas source size and location.

Abstract: A jetting device and/or fluid module include a module body defining a passageway extending through the module body and also partially defining a fluid chamber, a nozzle supported by the module body, a valve element at least partially within the fluid chamber, a biasing element contacting the valve element and also contacting the module body, and a sealing member contacting the periphery of the valve element and configured to partially define the fluid chamber. The nozzle defines a fluid outlet that is in fluid communication with the fluid chamber. The valve element has an upper portion outside of the fluid chamber that is adapted for contact with the drive pin, and the biasing element is configured to apply a spring force to the valve element. The valve element is configured to cause a droplet of the fluid to be jetted from the fluid outlet when the valve element is moved in the direction toward the nozzle.

Abstract: An organic compound suitable for organic layers of electronic devices that show improved luminescent properties.